29-549: Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary (also known as Pakshi Kashi of Karnataka ), is a bird sanctuary in the Mandya District of Karnataka in India. It is the largest bird sanctuary in the state, 40 acres (16 ha) in area, and comprises six islets on the banks of the Kaveri river. The sanctuary has been designated on 15 February 2022 as a protected Ramsar site since 2022. Ranganathittu
58-504: A literacy rate of 70.14%. 17.08% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.69% and 1.24% of the population respectively. Languages of Mandya district (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 91.92% of the population spoke Kannada , 4.24% Urdu , 1.34% Tamil and 1.30% Telugu as their first language. Common palm civet The Asian palm civet ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus ), also called common palm civet , toddy cat and musang ,
87-746: A nauseating secretion as a chemical defense when threatened or upset. The Asian palm civet is widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia, ranging from India , Nepal , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Myanmar , Sri Lanka to Thailand , Singapore , Peninsular Malaysia , Sabah , Sarawak , Brunei Darussalam , Laos , Cambodia , Vietnam , China , the Philippines and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra , Java , Kalimantan , Bawean and Siberut . It usually inhabits primary forests , but also occurs at lower densities in secondary and selectively logged forest. It
116-456: A population of 1,805,769, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska . This gives it a ranking of 263rd in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 365 inhabitants per square kilometre (950/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 2.55%. Mandya has a sex ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males, and
145-413: A 4- minute documentary to special interest groups. Mandya District Mandya district is an administrative district of Karnataka , India . The district is bordered on the south by Mysore and Chamarajangar districts, on the west by Hassan district , on the north by Tumkur district and on the east by Ramanagara district . The district Mandya was carved out of larger Mysore district in
174-521: A cap on the number of civets that can be taken from the wild, and allowing only 10% of those removed from the wild to be sold domestically. This quota is largely ignored by hunters and traders and is not enforced by authorities. This species has become popular as a pet in Indonesia in recent years, causing a rise in the numbers found in markets in Java and Bali. The majority of the animals sold as pets originate from
203-551: A distance. Frequent flooding has also damaged some portions of three islands over past few decades. Most of the park is within a riparian area. Riverine reed beds cover the banks of the islands, while the islands themselves are covered in broadleaf forests , with dominant species being Terminalia arjuna (Arjun tree), bamboo groves, and Pandanus trees. Eucalyptus and acacia trees have also been planted, which might lead to long-term eradication of native species. The endemic and threatened lily Iphigenia mysorensis of
232-410: Is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia . Since 2008, it is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern as it accommodates to a broad range of habitats . It is widely distributed with large populations that in 2008 were thought unlikely to be declining. It is threatened by poaching for the illegal wildlife trade . The Asian palm civet's long, stocky body is covered with coarse, shaggy hair that
261-533: Is located 3 km (1.9 mi) from the historic town of Srirangapattana and 16 km (9.9 mi) north of Mysore . The sanctuary attracted about 3 lakh visitors during 2016–17. Ranganathittu's islets were formed when an embankment across the Kaveri river was built between 1645 and 1648 by the then king of Mysore , Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar . These islets, originally numbering 25, soon started attracting birds. The ornithologist Salim Ali observed that
290-406: Is threatened by hunting and trapping, in particular in southern China; in some parts of India, some ethnic tribes kill and consume its meat. The oil extracted from small pieces of the meat, kept in linseed oil in a closed earthen pot and regularly sunned, is used indigenously as a cure for scabies . In Indonesia, it is threatened by poaching and the illegal wildlife trade ; buyers use it for
319-491: Is usually greyish in colour. It has a white mask across the forehead, a small white patch under each eye, a white spot on each side of the nostrils, and a narrow dark line between the eyes. The muzzle, ears, lower legs, and distal half of the tail are black, with three rows of black markings on the body. Its head-to-body length is about 53 cm (21 in) with a 48 cm (19 in) long unringed tail. It weighs 2 to 5 kg (4.4 to 11.0 lb). Its anal scent glands emit
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#1732851793200348-559: The Asian palm civet on Palawan island might have dispersed from Borneo during the Pleistocene . It is possible that people later introduced Asian palm civet into other Philippines islands. In Philippine mythology , the Bagobo people believe a being named Lakivot was said to be a huge and powerful palm civet who can talk. Lakivot defeated various monsters, including the one-eyed monster Ogassi and
377-553: The Pandavapura subdivision comprises Pandavapura , Srirangapatna , Nagamangala and Krishnarajpet Taluks. Since Mandya is located on the banks of the river Cauvery, agriculture is the predominant occupation and the single largest contributor to Mandya's economy . The main crops grown are paddy sugarcane , jowar , maize , cotton , banana , ragi , coconut , pulses , and vegetables . Mandya district has an extensive road network. NH-275 , NH 948 and NH-150A pass through
406-554: The district. The road network in the district includes 73 kilometres (45 mi) of the National Highways , 467 kilometres (290 mi) of State Highways and 2,968 kilometres (1,844 mi) of major district roads. Mandya belongs to "South Western Railways" of "Indian Railways". Mandya has many railway stations which are listed below: Religion in Mandya District (2011) According to the 2011 census , Mandya district has
435-462: The family Colchicaceae also grows in the sanctuary. Roughly 170 bird species have been recorded. Of these, the painted stork , Asian openbill stork , common spoonbill , woolly-necked stork , black-headed ibis , lesser whistling duck , Indian shag , stork-billed kingfisher , egret , cormorant , Oriental darter , spot-billed pelican and heron breed at Ranganathittu regularly. The great stone plover , and river tern also nest there, while
464-481: The isles are available throughout the day, and are a good way to watch birds, crocodiles, otters, and bats. There is no lodging within the sanctuary, so visitors typically stay over at Mysuru or Srirangapatna. The seasons for visiting the park are June–November (during the nesting season of the water birds). The best time to watch migratory birds is usually December but it can vary year to year. The Salim Ali Interpretation Centre, maintained by Forest Department, screens
493-461: The islets formed an important nesting ground for a large variety of birds, and persuaded the king of Mysore to declare the area a protected area in 1940. The sanctuary is currently maintained by the Forest Department of Karnataka and efforts are ongoing to improve the sanctuary, including purchasing nearby private land to expand the protected area. In 2014, around 28 square km around the sanctuary
522-444: The morning, but less active during nights when the moon is brightest. Scent marking behaviour and olfactory response to various excretions such as urine, feces, and secretion of the perineal gland differs in males and females. Scent marking by dragging the perineal gland and leaving the secretion on the substrate was most commonly observed in animals of both sexes. The duration of the olfactory response varied and depended both on
551-437: The natural regeneration of Pinanga kuhlii and P. zavana palms at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park . Due to its solitary and nocturnal habits, little is known about its reproductive processes and behaviour. In March 2010, a pair of palm civets was observed when attempting to mate. The pair copulated on the tree branch for about five minutes. During that period, the male mounted the female 4–5 times. After each mounting,
580-512: The northwest, and Ramanagar district to the east. It has an area of 4,961 square kilometres (1,915 sq mi). The administrative center of Mandya district is Mandya City. Mandya District has five rivers: Kaveri River and four tributaries main Hemavathi, Shimsha, Lokapavani, Veeravaishnavi. Mandya district consists of 7 taluks grouped under 2 subdivisions. The Mandya subdivision comprises Mandya , Maddur and Malavalli taluks, while
609-447: The pair separated for a few moments and repeated the same procedure. After completion of mating, the pair frolicked around for some time, moving from branch to branch on the tree. The animals separated after about six minutes and moved off to different branches and rested there. Since 2008, the Asian palm civet is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern . The global population was thought to be large and unlikely to be declining as of 2008. It
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#1732851793200638-546: The park is also home to a large flock of streak-throated swallows . Ranganathittu is a popular nesting site and about 8,000 nestlings were sighted during June 2011. About 50 pelicans have made Ranganathittu their permanent home. During winter months, starting from mid-December, as many as 40,000 birds congregate at Ranganathittu, some migrating from Siberia , Latin America and parts of north India . During January and February, more than 30 species of migratory birds can be found in
667-437: The production of kopi luwak made from coffee beans digested and excreted by Asian palm civets. They are housed in battery cage systems, which have been criticised on animal welfare grounds. In some parts of its range, Asian palm civets are hunted for bushmeat and the pet trade. The Asian palm civet is listed on CITES Appendix III . There is a quota in place in Indonesia, precluding trade from certain areas, setting
696-534: The sanctuary. The islands are host to numerous small mammals including bonnet macaque , smooth coated otter , colonies of flying fox and common small mammals such as common palm civet and Indian gray mongoose . Additionally, there is a population of monitor lizards . The mugger crocodile or marsh crocodile is a common inhabitant of the riverine reed beds and Ranganathittu has largest fresh water crocodile population in Karnataka state. Ranger-guided boat tours of
725-445: The sex and excretion type. The palm civet can distinguish animal species, sex, familiar and unfamiliar individuals by the odor of the perineal gland secretion. The Asian palm civet is an omnivore feeding foremost on fruits such as berries and pulpy fruits. It thus helps to maintain tropical forest ecosystems via seed dispersal. It eats chiku , mango and rambutan , but also small mammals and insects. It plays an important role in
754-662: The wild. The high numbers of animals seen, lack of adherence to the quota and lack of enforcement of the laws are causes for conservation concern. Viverra hermaphrodita was the scientific name proposed by Peter Simon Pallas in 1777. It is the nominate subspecies and ranges in Sri Lanka and southern India as far north as the Narbada River. Several zoological specimens were described between 1820 and 1992: The taxonomic status of these subspecies has not yet been evaluated. Palawan and Borneo specimens are genetically close, so
783-459: The year 1939. Mandya is the main town in Mandya district. As of 2011, the district population was 1,808,680 (of which 16.03% was urban). Mandya district is located between north latitude 12°13' to 13°04' N and east longitude 76°19' to 77°20' E. It is bounded by Mysore district to the west and southwest, Tumkur district to the northeast, Chamrajnagar district to the south, Hassan district to
812-409: Was declared as an eco-sensitive zone , meaning that certain commercial activities cannot take place without the government's permission. The sanctuary with its islets experience heavy flooding during certain rainy seasons when water is released from Krishna Raja Sagara dam upstream, due to heavy rains. During heavy flooding boating is suspended and tourists are allowed to watch the nesting birds from
841-540: Was introduced to Irian Jaya , the Lesser Sunda Islands , Maluku , and Sulawesi . Its presence in Papua New Guinea is uncertain. The Asian palm civet is thought to lead a solitary lifestyle, except for brief periods during mating . It is both terrestrial and arboreal, showing a nocturnal activity pattern with peaks between late evening until after midnight. It is usually active between dawn and 4:00 in
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