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The Rand Daily Mail

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The Rand Daily Mail was a South African newspaper published from 1902 until it was controversially closed in 1985 after adopting an outspoken anti- apartheid stance in the midst of a massive clampdown on activists by the security forces. The title was based in Johannesburg as a daily newspaper and best known for breaking the news about the apartheid state's Muldergate Scandal in 1979. It also exposed the truth about the death in custody of anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko , in 1977.

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45-515: The Rand Daily Mail was resurrected as a website by Times Media Group, who hold rights to the original title, in October 2014. The Rand Daily Mail was founded in 1902 by businessman Harry Cohen and managed by editor Edgar Wallace. Cohen purchased the linotype machines and printing presses for the newspaper from Emmanuel Mendelssohn, equipment from the defunct The Standard and Diggers' News . Extravagant operational expenses by Wallace almost bankrupted

90-683: A bequest of this nature to South Africa. At his specific recommendation, this collection was placed under the curatorship of the South African National Gallery in Cape Town, where it first went on display in 1947. Numbering over 400 items, including paintings, prints and drawings, the Sir Abe Bailey Bequest' is the largest bequest held at the South African National Gallery to this day. It also constitutes one of

135-649: A journalist who hated ostentation in either people or prose. At the time of his death in 1957, he was also remembered as a hero of Delville Wood who saved a comrade's life during the epic battle in World War I . 1947–1958 : N. A. G. Caley named editor 1959–1975 : Joel Mervis, as editor of the Sunday Times, is credited with transforming it into the most widely read and powerful weekly in South Africa. 1975–1990 : Albert Tertius Myburgh (26 December 1936 – 2 December 1990)

180-631: A rapist in the cartoon and his earlier rape trial. the Sunday Times and its editor were slated by various ANC officials. A joint press release by the ANC, the South African Communist Party and the ANC Youth League lambasted the Sunday Times editor, describing him as a dictator , and called for his replacement: "We can only hope that the newspaper will find a suitable leadership other than

225-577: The Daily Dispatch and the Weekend Post . In 2019 the Rand Daily Mail was merged into BusinessLIVE. Abe Bailey Sir Abraham Bailey, 1st Baronet KCMG (6 November 1864 – 10 August 1940), known as Abe Bailey, was a South African diamond and gold tycoon, politician, financier and cricketer. Bailey's mother, Ann Drummond McEwan, was Scottish by birth while his father, Thomas Bailey,

270-559: The Daily Maverick . 1906–1909 : Founding editor George Herbert Kingswell launched the Sunday Times and Rand Daily Mail for owner Sir Abe Bailey . Kingswell was initially offered the job at The Rand Daily Mail ( The Fourth Estate, Joel Mervis ), but instead looked to create a weekly paper. 1909–1910 : Lewis Rose Macleod named editor. 1910–1942' : Joseph Langley Levy, a drama critic and leading cultural figure in Johannesburg,

315-570: The Rand Daily Mail which at the time was "standing alone" against its rival, the Transvaal Leader . Founding editor George Herbert Kingswell introduced the slogan "A Paper for the People". It was later changed to "The Paper for the People", a slogan that is still in use today. For the first edition of the paper, published on 4 February 1906, 11,600 copies were printed and soon sold out, forcing

360-526: The Weekly Mail (now Mail & Guardian ), which carried on the anti-apartheid stance of its predecessor. Times Media Group held the rights to The Rand Daily Mail , and in 2014 decided to relaunch the title as an online-only brand, utilising opinion content from its stable of newspapers, including The Sunday Times , The Times , Business Day , the Financial Mail , The Sowetan , The Herald ,

405-826: The Daily Tribune (Durban), Daily Express (Johannesburg) and Sunday Tribune (Durban) but kept the Sunday Express (Johannesburg). In 1955 the Rand Daily Mail and Sunday Times formed a single company called the South African Associated Newspapers (SAAN), the second largest newspaper group at the time. During the apartheid years, journalists like Benjamin Pogrund reported on political and economic issues affecting black South Africans about which whites were largely ignorant. Pogrund, for example, reported on

450-475: The Sharpeville massacre of 1960. In 1965 Pogrund wrote in the paper about prison conditions, based on the evidence of prisoners including Harold Strachan . Strachan was sent to prison for a year and a half as a result. On 3 November 1978 Rand Daily Mail journalists Mervyn Rees and Chris Day reported on the use of public funds since 1973 to set up a disinformation network in South Africa and abroad. The money

495-567: The Sunday Times during this period. He was the deputy editor, chief assistant editor, assistant editor, and political correspondent for the newspaper. He is the publisher of the Sunday Times and managing director of Times Media Group's media operations. 2002–2003 : Mathatha Tsedu was the deputy editor of the Sunday Independent , the deputy editor of the Star, then the Deputy Chief executive of

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540-418: The Sunday Times in 2004. In 2010, Makhanya was promoted to editor-in-chief of Avusa Media newspapers (including The Times and Sowetan, Sunday World). 2010–2013 : Ray Hartley was the founding editor of the daily newspaper The Times in 2007 before taking over the reins as Editor of the Sunday Times in 2010 after Makhanya left. During Hartley's tenure as editor, Sunday Times journalists won virtually all

585-471: The Sunday Times was again vigorously attacked for publishing a highly controversial piece, this time in the form of a cartoon by critically acclaimed cartoonist Jonathon Shapiro ( Zapiro ). The cartoon depicted Jacob Zuma getting ready to rape the Justice System while being assisted by the leaders of various ANC and political factions and parties. Zapiro denied any ambiguity between Jacob Zuma's depiction as

630-480: The British Empire (DBE) and was styled as Dame Mary Bailey. They had five children The Sunday Times (South Africa) The Sunday Times is South Africa's biggest Sunday newspaper. Established in 1906, it is distributed throughout South Africa and in neighbouring countries such as Lesotho, Botswana, and Eswatini. The Sunday Times was first published on 4 February 1906 as a weekly sister publication of

675-427: The British Empire. Via his business interests and his ties to Cecil Rhodes, Abe Bailey acquired substantial mining and land properties in the former Rhodesia . By the 1930s he was one of the world's wealthiest men. Bailey played three first-class matches for Transvaal in the 1890s. Later he played an important role in initiating the 1912 Triangular Tournament between England, Australia and South Africa, who at

720-722: The Hon. Caroline Mary Paddon; Caroline died 23 March 1902. They had two children. Cecil Marguerite Bailey was born 8 June 1895. She married Dr William F Christie, died 29 June 1962. The second was Sir John Milner Bailey, 2nd Bt. born 15 June 1900 in East Grinstead ; married, firstly, Diana Churchill (1909–1963) on 12 December 1932 and divorced in 1935; married, secondly, Muriel Mullins on 18 October 1939 (divorced in 1945); married, lastly, Stella Mary Chiappini on 4 May 1945. He died on 13 February 1946 in Cape Town , South Africa. Abe's second marriage

765-560: The SABC news before becoming editor of the Sunday Times in 2002. In 2003, he was dismissed as editor of the Sunday Times . In 2014, the SA National Editors' Forum announced that Mathatha Tsedu would serve as its executive director. 2004–2010 : Mondli Makhanya was appointed as editor of Sunday Times . A political writer and editor, he became the Mail & Guardian editor in 2002 before joining

810-857: The army, but the appointment was later cancelled. He saw active service in South Africa with a different regiment, and returned to the United Kingdom in July 1900 on the RMS Dunottar Castle . In December 1902 he was appointed a captain in the Sussex Yeomanry . In October 1902, Bailey stood unopposed as a Progressive Party candidate for the Barkly West constituency of the Cape Colony Legislative Assembly . The constituency had been represented by Cecil Rhodes until his death earlier

855-564: The awards on offer, including the prestigious Standard Bank Sivukile and Taco Kuiper awards for investigative journalism. He is currently an editor at large for the Times Media Group and launched the Rand Daily Mail website in 2014. 2013–2015: Phylicia Oppelt became the first female editor of the Sunday Times. Oppelt was the editor of the Daily Dispatch from 2005 to 2008 and the editor of Business Times from 2008 to 2010. In 2010, she

900-548: The black newspaper The Sowetan described The Rand Daily Mail as the first white newspaper to regard blacks as human beings. Yet for most of the apartheid period (1948–1990) the paper suffered from poor management, government infiltration, and state censorship . The management often tried to replace more liberal editors with conservative ones. After the closure of The Rand Daily Mail , some of its journalists (like Anton Harber and Irwin Manoim ) pooled their severance pay to start

945-504: The case: "When I came back from London. Owen stood in the middle of the newsroom and said: 'You have single-handedly destroyed the reputation of every journalist in the country and we have become the laughing stock." On 13 November 2005, the Sunday Times broke the story that the African National Congress (ANC) leader Jacob Zuma was being investigated on rape charges. It was reported that Zuma considered legal action against

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990-550: The formation of his personal art collection. This collection was mostly displayed in his London home and moved for safe-keeping to the north of England during the Second World War (1939–1945). On his death in 1940 the terms of his will placed his collection under the protection of a special trust established in his name and bequeathed it to the South African nation. Bailey was one of the very few South African Randlords to leave

1035-462: The judge ruled that she had not been defamed but did not conclude whether an affair had occurred. The case became notorious for violence and a dirty tricks campaign. Publications such as the Financial Mail and Allan herself speculated that the De Klerk government paid the defence witnesses in an attempt to destabilise the far-right in South Africa. Shaw recounted her editor, Ken Owen 's reaction to

1080-454: The largest collections of British sporting art held by any public art museum in the world. The Sir Abe Bailey Trust is actively involved in its maintenance, and conservation work on the collection. Under the terms of his will annual travel bursaries are awarded to outstanding university students and young academics (less than 25 years old) to travel to the UK to widen their experience. Bailey married

1125-632: The newspaper and Cohen had to step in to limited spending. It was bought by mining magnate Abe Bailey in 1905 after the death of Harry Cohen, after the intervention of Lord Milner who feared it would be purchased by Boer nationalists, and Bailey formed a company called the Rand Daily Mails Ltd. Bailey leased the paper out to three people, George H. Kingswell, who became the general manager, Ralph Ward Jackson its editor and A. V. Lindbergh its distributor as CNA chairman. The three men would go on to form The Sunday Times which worked in conjunction with

1170-406: The newspaper, the late Marlene Burger and newspaper astrologer Linda Shaw testified against Allan. Before the libel suit, Allan had published articles for the newspaper dismissing the affair allegations. Allan also allowed the newspaper to publish answerphone messages left by Terre'Blanche as well as her threats of taking legal action against Terre'Blanche for nuisance contact. Allan lost the case;

1215-461: The paper for R6 million over two columns by popular columnist David Bullard . The two columns, Stupidity a mitigating circumstance for Zuma , published on 16 April 2006, and Visit the Zuma website to see what was meant (7 May 2006), were cited by Zuma as defamatory and an "impairment of his dignity". Although David Bullard was found to be operating within the ethical bounds of The Sunday Times regarding

1260-635: The paper to print an additional 5000 copies. By November 1909, the paper sales had risen to 35,000. In 1992, the former columnist Jani Allan sued the British broadcaster Channel 4 for libel over affair allegations involving her and Eugene Terre'Blanche . Allan had interviewed the AWB leader for the Sunday Times . Allan had already settled out of court with the London Evening Standard and Options magazine over similar allegations. The then-news editor of

1305-765: The paper. By 1910, the company help form the Reuters branch called the Reuters South African Press Agency. By May 1915, Rand Daily Mails Ltd (RDM) absorbed the Transvaal Leader when the Cape Times Ltd sold it for shares in the RDM and became the only morning newspaper in Johannesburg but that shareholding was soon bought out by Abe Bailey. In 1920, an agreement was reached by the Argus Group, Rand Daily Mails Ltd and Sunday Times not to publish papers that competed with

1350-420: The publication, although it later emerged that an investigation was underway. On 6 December 2005, official rape charges were filed against Zuma. He would later be acquitted of rape. On 5 November 2007, it was reported that a consortium containing some senior government figures had launched a bid to purchase 100% of Avusa (previously Johncom), the company that owned the Sunday Times . In March 2007, Zuma sued

1395-407: The ranting dictator who finds joy in manipulating the truth." In 2015, veteran journalist John Matisonn alleged in his book, "God, Spies and Lies: Finding South Africa's Future Through its Past", that the former editor of the newspaper, Tertius Myburgh , was an apartheid-era spy. In the same year, Jani Allan supported the allegations made against her former editor in an opinion piece published by

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1440-576: The same year. Appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1911, In the First World War, Bailey returned to military service as a major in the Union of South Africa forces and took part in the military campaign against German South West Africa . Post war he was created baronet in 1919, one of a number of " Randlords " (mining entrepreneurs) knighted for their services to

1485-572: The three companies and this agreement lasted until 1968. In 1929, the RDM and Argus Group bought out the Pretoria News though the Argus Group held the majority shareholding. In 1934 I.W. Schlesinger 's created competition when he formed the Sunday Express and then in 1937, the Daily Express . In an attempt to control the newspaper market, the RDM , Sunday Times and Argus group bought out Schlesinger's newspaper interests in 1939, closing down

1530-599: The time were the only Test -playing countries. He first proposed the idea on a trip to England in 1907, stating: "Inter-rivalry within the Empire cannot fail to draw together in closer friendly interest all those many thousands of our kinsmen who regard cricket as our national sport, while secondly it would probably give a direct stimulus to amateurism." The idea was immediately embraced by the Marylebone Cricket Club , who were then effectively in charge of cricket, and 1909

1575-465: The two columns, he would later fall out of favour with editor Mondli Makhanya. On 10 April 2008, Bullard was fired from the Sunday Times after the publication of a column on 6 April 2008 ( Uncolonised Africa wouldn't know what it was missing ) received a stern protest from several political parties. The editor apologised for the column, saying "by publishing him (Bullard) we were complicit in disseminating his Stone Age philosophies". In September 2008,

1620-508: Was a South African journalist and editor, best known as editor of the Sunday Times . Myburgh resigned as editor of the Sunday Times in September 1990 after 15 years. His next role was to be an ambassador to Washington or London. Four days later, he was diagnosed with terminal cancer and died at home in December of the same year. 1991–1996 : Ken Owen named editor. 1996–1998 : Brian Pottinger

1665-534: Was also the deputy chair of the South African National Editor's Forum during this time. He became the managing director of Times Newspapers Limited and, in 2000, would be appointed as publisher of the Sunday Times . From 2003 to 2007, he was the chief executive officer of the Africa Division for Johnnic Communications Limited. 1998–2000 : Mike Robertson was the editor and associate publisher for

1710-591: Was appointed editor in June 2013. He holds an MA in International Journalism from City University London, United Kingdom. 2020 to present: S'thembiso Msomi became the new editor in the first quarter of 2020. Msomi has 24 years of journalism experience and was editor of the Sowetan for two years before his most recent appointment. Msomi returns to the Sunday Times as he was previously deputy editor. He also held

1755-455: Was appointed editor of The Times , which had entered the market in June 2007 under Hartley's editorship. 2016–2020: Bongani Siqoko is the former editor of the award-winning Daily Dispatch , Saturday Dispatch and DispatchLIVE. He has been with the Daily Dispatch since November 2004, having held many positions at the newspaper – news editor, managing editor, and deputy editor – before he

1800-472: Was born in Liverpool, England, on 25 May 1887. He was editor of the Sunday Times for 32 years, during which time circulation rose from 35,000 to 150,000, penetrating every province and reaching towns and villages scattered over an area of almost half a million square miles. He died in Johannesburg on 11 May 1945. 1942–1947' : E.B 'Chook' Dawson is remembered as the first of the paper's 'shirtsleeves editors' ,

1845-470: Was formed in late December 1899. The corps included infantry, mounted infantry and artillery divisions and was authorized with the name City of London Imperial Volunteers . It proceeded to South Africa in January 1900, returned in October the same year, and was disbanded in December 1900. Bailey was appointed a lieutenant of the mounted infantry division on 3 January 1900, with the temporary rank of lieutenant in

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1890-488: Was from Yorkshire , England . Married in 1860 in South Africa, Thomas and Ann Bailey had four children, Mary, Abraham, Susannah and Alice, before Ann Bailey's premature death in 1872, when young Abe was only seven years old. Abe Bailey was sent to England to be educated, first at Keighley and later at Clewer House . After the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, a corps of imperial volunteers from London

1935-485: Was the first year designated for the tournament. But the administrators could not agree and by the time 1912 was alighted on, world cricket was in conflict. Infighting and a poor performance from the South African team in 1912 ensured that the idea of a three-nation Test match tournament was not repeated. These interests, as much as his aspirations to the titles and the lifestyle of the English landed gentry were influential in

1980-448: Was to Hon. Mary Westenra (1 December 1890 – 29 July 1960), the daughter of Derrick Warner William Westenra, 5th Lord Rossmore , of Rossmore Castle , County Monaghan . Mary Westenra Bailey was the greatest British female aviator of her time, who "personally guided a plane from England to the nether tip of South Africa and back". In January 1930 she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of

2025-420: Was used in attempts to buy The Washington Star , and to set up The Citizen as a government-controlled counter to The Rand Daily Mail . Hounded by the state, the paper's board decided to moderate its content for the sake of attracting more affluent white readers. This strategy led to financial losses and the newspaper was forced to close in 1985, eighty-three years after it was founded. After its closure,

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