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38-550: One of the core values of the organization is to reflect the diversity of the United States by "providing a full spectrum of resources and services to the communities" being served. Originally established as the Task Force on Gay Liberation , part of ALA's Social Responsibilities Round Table (SRRT), the group was coordinated by Israel David Fishman in 1970, then by Barbara Gittings the following year. Among its earliest endeavors,

76-593: A certified teacher is often a desired, but not required, qualification. People who earn MLIS degrees take on many different roles in many different kinds of environments—in libraries and "beyond the stacks." According to the ALA, "Librarians work in museums, hospitals, businesses, and public libraries. In their work, librarians research, instruct, and connect people to technology. Librarians build websites, digitize archives, and manage social media. Librarians work with people of all ages, connecting them to information, learning and

114-486: A Master's Program in Library and Information Studies" and discusses how to decide whether a master's degree or an associate's degree will best help you meet your career goals. Prospective and current students will find more information on school selection and academic success on websites like LibraryCareers.org and Hack Library School. Many ALA-accredited programs provide distance-learning opportunities for students through

152-729: A celebration of queer stories and authors, Rainbow Book Month was originally established in 1992 by the Publishing Triangle as National Lesbian and Gay Book Month . In 2015 the GLBTRT assumed oversight of the event, renamed GBLT Book Month . Efforts to increase the visibility of queer library materials include promoting the Rainbow Book and the Over the Rainbow Books lists, marketing on social media , and providing tools to library workers. In 2020

190-505: A master's degree in the library field as well as a Juris Doctor degree. Law librarians often work in a specialized law library , law office, or within a government agency. They often have advanced knowledge of law library classification systems (including the Moys Classification Scheme outside the U.S.) and government documents. Medical librarians often hold an undergraduate degree in a pre-medical field such as biology. Like

228-401: A variety of delivery methods (e.g. online courses). In some cases, students can complete the entire program at a distance; in other cases, some on-campus courses or regional residency may be required. The MLIS/MLS curriculum can vary widely. Typically, both theoretical and practical components are included. A comprehensive measurement of the library student's mastery of the field occurs during

266-433: Is K–12 librarianship. The curriculum for this specialization varies significantly from the others by focusing on developing the student's knowledge of educational principals ( pedagogy ) and the acquisition of skills to meet state educational requirements pertaining to child learning development. School librarians need to acquire state certification prior to being hired. An undergraduate or graduate degree in education and being

304-407: Is the master's degree that combines two interdisciplinary academic disciplines. Library science is applied information science and a subfield of information science. This degree focuses on information management. It is also the most common degree for professional librarian positions in the United States. The MLIS was created after the older Master of Library Science (MLS) was reformed to reflect

342-649: The Gay Community Services Center , returning to New York in 1973 where he became licensed in Swedish massage . In 1989 he was photographed by Robert Giard for his series Particular Voices; the photograph is currently stored in the Yale University Library with Giard's papers. For some time, Fishman ran a mail order vitamin store in Brooklyn. In 1995, Fishman gave a speech at the 25th anniversary of

380-505: The Medical Library Association . In their careers, medical librarians are often expected to gain clinical experience working in a hospital environment or academic experience within a medical school. Specializations like archival science , heritage studies , and museum studies are closely tied to the history professions; therefore, an undergraduate or graduate degree in history can be especially valuable. Another specialization

418-606: The Radical Faerie Movement . Fishman was active in the Park Slope Food Cooperative , serving in various leadership positions, including President, between 1998 until his death in 2006. In 1974, Fishman met his longtime partner, Carl Navarro, at the West Side Discussion Group, a regular gathering of gay men. In 2006, they celebrated their 32nd anniversary. After Fishman participated in

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456-625: The Stonewall Book Award in 1971, recognizing titles of exceptional merit relating to LGBTQ+ life. The first award was given to Patience and Sarah by Isabel Miller . In 2008 the GLBTRT compiled the inaugural Rainbow Book List of recent titles for children and teens. The effort expanded in 2010 to a list of Over the Rainbow Books , annual bibliographies of titles of interest to LGBTQ+ adults. Both lists assist librarians selecting materials for their local collections. Observed annually in June as

494-577: The Stonewall Book Award -Barbara Gittings Literature Award and the Stonewall Book Award-Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award. After Upsala College denied Fishman tenure in 1973, he went on 6 months of sick leave. Fishman credited his activism in the TFGL with the decline of his librarian career. Disillusioned by library science, he left the profession. Fishman briefly moved to Los Angeles , California to work and study at

532-502: The 2001 documentary Trembling Before G-d , he was reunited with his family, including his elderly father with whom he had not spoken for decades. Fishman died on June 14, 2006. The ALA honored him with a resolution at their annual conference. A memorial service was held on October 22, 2006, at the Union Temple in Brooklyn. Master of Library and Information Science The Master of Library and Information Science ( MLIS )

570-539: The Ph.D. as well as management courses for those hoping to progress to leadership positions within libraries. Students frequently have an opportunity to specialize in one or more aspects of library and information science. It is common for these types of librarians to hold dual master's degrees. They may choose specializations that serve law and medical institutions and their higher education equivalents, law school and medical school . Most law librarians are required to hold both

608-539: The Standards for Accreditation of Master's Programs in Library and Information Science, not based on the name of the degree." Admission to MLIS, programs normally require holding a bachelor's degree in any academic discipline and library schools encourage applications from people with diverse academic backgrounds. In the United Kingdom , it is more common for a vocational degree in library and information science to bear

646-696: The TFGL's Gay Book Award had become an official award bestowed by the ALA and had been renamed multiple times. That year, it became the Stonewall Book Award-Barbara Gittings Literature Award and the Stonewall Book Award-Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award. Between 1995 and 2004, Fishman sent a collection of his papers to the New York Public Library , including documentation from TFGL and correspondence with people such as Susan Saxe , Robert Austin Sullivan , and members of

684-682: The TFGL, at that time called the Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Task Force (GLBTF). He stated that the task force has "helped us to use our libraries for the liberation of our brothers and sisters." The speech was included as the essay "How the GLBTF Got Started" in the 1997 anthology Liberating Minds: The Stories and Professional Lives of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Librarians and Their Advocates . The 1998 anthology Daring to Find Our Names: The Search for Lesbigay Library History includes an essay by Fishman called "Founding Father", recounting his experiences in

722-509: The TFGL. The TFGL took several actions at the 1971 ALA annual meeting in Dallas. At this time, anti-LGBTQ discrimination was widespread in the librarian profession. After librarian Michael McConnell 's job offer at the University of Minnesota was rescinded due to his sexual orientation, Fishman asked the ALA to voice their opposition. The ALA declined to support McConnell, so the TFGL disrupted

760-581: The TFGL. The volume also includes essays by Gittings and another librarian named Janet Cooper. One reviewer said that the three essays "are unusual in their openness, sharing their wounds which still seem fresh but not festering". Fishman was featured in the 2001 documentary Trembling Before G-d , a film about the experiences of LGBTQ Orthodox Jews. The documentary shows him calling his estranged father and organizing "Big Knish" tours through his former neighborhood in Williamsburg , Brooklyn. By 2002,

798-508: The Task Force campaigned for changes to the classification of library materials regarding the gay liberation movement . In the case of the Library of Congress Classification , materials had been designated to the scheme (HQ 71) for "Abnormal Sexual Relations, Including Sexual Crimes"; but after receiving the request from the Task Force, the Library of Congress in 1972 reclassified such books into

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836-541: The annual meeting with zap actions. Fishman also introduced an LGBTQ nondiscrimination resolution at the Dallas meeting; an edited version was approved. Additionally, the TFGL held a ceremony at the 1971 ALA meeting to bestow the first Gay Book Award; only 9 people attended. It became increasingly prestigious over the next 15 years, until the ALA officially started bestowing the Gay Book Award in 1986. The award has been renamed multiple times until 2002 when it became

874-417: The community." The association's LibraryCareers.org site collects information about library and information science careers, work environments, and more. Many with MLIS degrees use their professional skills in positions without "librarian" in the job title. The San Jose State University School of Information publishes an annual research report on emerging career trends for information professionals, providing

912-498: The editorial decision. Christine Williams, who wrote an essay about the controversy surrounding the cover, concluded that in the mid-90s, the library world was "not an especially welcoming place to gays and lesbians." The group became the Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Task Force (GLBTF) in 1995, then the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Round Table (GLBTRT) in 1999, a name change that endured for twenty years. The Task Force established

950-691: The fact that somebody is orthodox and queer at the same time. Can't be! In order to match my sanity and my selfhood I had to leave. I had to rebel. I had to throw everything away." — Israel David Fishman Fishman was the Head of Technical Services at the Jewish Theological Seminary library and then Acquisitions Librarian at Richmond College . In 1970 Fishman became the Circulation Librarian at Upsala College in East Orange, New Jersey and

988-513: The information science and technology needs of the field. According to the American Library Association (ALA), "ALA-accredited degrees have [had] various names such as Master of Information Studies, Master of Arts, Master of Librarianship, Master of Library and Information Studies, or Master of Science. The degree name has been determined by the program. The [ALA] Committee for Accreditation evaluates programs based on their adherence to

1026-514: The last semester of the program and consists of a research project, often tied to a practicum or internship, or a master's thesis. Some schools have stringent course requirements while others are more flexible and offer a wide variety of electives. Core courses typically focus on the methods of organizing information (including established cataloging and library classification systems), the philosophy and ethics of information dissemination (including reference services, privacy rights, and balancing

1064-472: The law librarian, they may have a second master's degree, often a Master of Public Health (MPH). Some additionally hold a practicing medical credential, such as a Registered Nurse (RN). Medical librarians can also acquire an advanced medical librarian credential that is commonly required for medical library directors in the U.S., called the Academy of Health Information Professionals (AHIP) credential, offered through

1102-520: The month-long observance became Rainbow Book Month. Israel David Fishman Israel David Fishman (February 21, 1938 – June 14, 2006) founded the Task Force on Gay Liberation in 1970. In 2002, the American Library Association named the Stonewall Book Award -Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award after him. Israel David Fishman was born on February 21, 1938, in Westerly, Rhode Island ,

1140-627: The name of the degree conferred, virtually every school of library and information studies in Canada comprises programming for library science, information science, archives, and museum studies. The MLIS or MLS degree is usually acquired from an accredited library school . ALA accredits 65 programs at 60 institutions across the United States , Canada , and Puerto Rico . ALA also offers an overview of international degrees in library and information science. The ALA website provides "Guidelines for Choosing

1178-418: The needs of various stakeholders: publishers, the public, and the government), and the principles of establishing and managing physical and digital resources, particularly physical and digital libraries, archives , and museums . The "Information Science" component of the degree is composed of the acquisition of technology skills similar to those found in a computer science or related degree program. Courses in

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1216-462: The newly created scheme (HQ 76.5) for "Homosexuality, Lesbianism—Gay Liberation Movement, Homophile Movement ". The group became the Gay and Lesbian Task Force (GLTF) in 1986. American Libraries featured the group on the cover of its July/August 1992 issue, drawing both criticism and praise from the library world. Some critiqued the cover as being "in poor taste" and accused the magazine of "glorifying homosexuality", while others voiced support of

1254-803: The program that focus on information science and computer science include: data science , data analytics , and data management ; institutional repository management; digital libraries and digital preservation ; information systems and information architecture ; networking hardware and software skills required to manage a computer network ; integrated library systems utilizing relational databases and database design ; mastery of multiple computer programming languages ; web design , metadata and semantic web technologies; automation and natural language processing (NLP); informatics ; as well as taxonomy (general) , and ontology (information science) . Most programs offer at least one statistics-driven course in research methodology for those aspiring to

1292-455: The son of Minnie C. and Benjamin Fishman. They were Orthodox Jews . His father was an ordained rabbi, although he never practiced as a clergyman. In September 1946, at 8 years old, Fishman entered Yeshiva Torah Vodaath in Williamsburg, New York . At 15 years old he was hospitalized and given electric shock therapy in an attempt to change his sexual orientation . He left Orthodox Judaism and

1330-502: The standard designation MA or MSc. In most Commonwealth universities, bachelor's and master's programs have been merged to create the MLIS/MLISc degree. IFLA committees have discussed global standards for librarian credentials. In Canada, ALA-accredited schools of library and information science sometimes grant MI (Master of Information) degrees, though some institutions retain the designation "MLIS" or "MISt". However, regardless of

1368-491: Was a "shift in my consciousness— that I would no longer be afraid —that led me to bring about the birth of this Task Force, this miracle, this incredible tool/weapon for social change and liberation”. The task force's aims included: "the creation of bibliographies, revision of library classification schemes and subject headings, building and improving access to collections, and fighting job discrimination." The following year, Barbara Gittings succeeded Fishman in leadership of

1406-529: Was also an Assistant Professor. In 1970, Fishman attended the American Library Association (ALA) meeting in Detroit and conceived the idea of a gay liberation group within the library profession. He subsequently founded the Task Force on Gay Liberation (TFGL), a section of the Social Responsibilities Round Table and the world's first gay professional association. He later wrote that it

1444-658: Was estranged from his family for decades due to his sexual orientation. Between 1956 and 1965 Fishman worked as office assistant. In 1958, he enrolled in the City College of New York , first as an evening student, and then enrolling full-time. He graduated with a B.A. degree, magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa , in Philosophy in 1965. In May 1966, he completed a Master of Library Science at Columbia University 's School of Library Science. "How can you be queer and Jewish orthodox? I have studied too much Talmud to be able to accept

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