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21-499: R32 may refer to: Automobiles [ edit ] BMW R32 , a motorcycle Nissan Skyline (R32) , a mid-size car Nissan Skyline GT-R (R32) , a sports car Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32 , a 2003 compact car Volkswagen Golf Mk5 R32 , a 2005 compact car Other uses [ edit ] R32 (airship) , of the Royal Navy R32 (New York City Subway car) 1... R-32 opening ,

42-504: A single unit . The new engine featured a recirculating wet sump oiling system at a time when most motorcycle manufacturers used a total-loss oiling system . BMW used this type of recirculating oiling system until 1969. To counter the cooling problems encountered with the Helios, Friz oriented the R32's M2B33 boxer engine with the cylinder heads projecting out on each side for cooling, as used in

63-466: A 'dipper', a metal rod whose only function was to dip into the oil and spread it around. As engines became faster and more powerful, the amount of oil required became so great that a total loss system would have been impractical, both technically and for cost. Splash lubrication was also used on the first internal combustion engines . It persisted for some time, even in the first high-performance cars. One of Ettore Bugatti 's first technical innovations

84-512: A large oil tank with a multiple-outlet pump that fed the engine's bearings through a pipe system. Lubrication of the engine's internal valves was done by adding oil to the steam supply, using a displacement lubricator . The first recirculating systems used a collection sump , but no pumped circulation , merely 'splash' lubrication, where the connecting rod dipped into the oil surface and splashed it around. These first appeared on high-speed steam engines . Later, splash lubrication engines added

105-496: A long-term solution of an all new motorcycle design. This new design was designated the BMW R32 and began production in 1923, becoming the first motorcycle to be badged as a BMW. The M2B33 engine in the R32 had a displacement of 494 cc and had a cast-iron sidevalve cylinder/head unit. The engine produced 8.5 hp (6.3 kW), which propelled the R32 to a top speed of 95 km/h (59 mph). The engine and gear box formed

126-416: A shogi opening Difluoromethane , a refrigerant R32: Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas , a risk phrase Small nucleolar RNA R32/R81/Z41 [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

147-401: Is introduced into the engine and then either burned or ejected overboard. Now rare in four-stroke engines , total loss oiling is still used in many two-stroke engines . Steam engines used many separate oil boxes , dotted around the engine. Each one was filled before starting and often refilled during running. Where access was difficult, usually because the oil box was on a moving component,

168-467: Is total loss, but there may be some variations. For instance, the MidWest AE series of Wankel aero-engines were not only both water-cooled and air-cooled, but also had a semi-total-loss lubrication system. Silkolene 2-stroke oil was directly injected into the inlet tracts and onto the main roller bearings. The oil that entered the combustion chamber lubricated the rotor tips and was then total-loss, but

189-404: The 1950s. Chevrolet used splash lubrication for their rod bearings until 1953, where it was phased out for the 235 'Six,' and then in 1954 when the 216 was eliminated from their line, and both the solid lifter and hydraulic lifter versions of the 235 had full-pressure lubrication. Two-stroke engines , and most model engines , have a total-loss lubrication system. Lubricating oil is mixed with

210-476: The Helios motorcycle. Upon completing his assessment, Friz suggested to Popp that the best thing that could be done with the Helios would be to dump it in the nearest lake. More specifically, Friz condemned the Douglas -style transverse-crankshaft layout, which heavily restricted the cooling of the rear cylinder. Popp and Friz then agreed to a near-term solution of redesigning the Helios to make it more saleable and

231-448: The boxer-twin, shaft-drive powertrain layout that BMW would use until the present. BMW used shaft drives in all of its motorcycles until the introduction of the F650 in 1994 and continues to use it on their boxer-twin motorcycles. Ref: Any picture of the bike shows the trailing links. Total-loss oiling system A total-loss oiling system is an engine lubrication system whereby oil

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252-474: The earlier British-manufactured ABC . Unlike the ABC, however, the R32 used shaft final drive from a flexible coupling on the gearbox output shaft to a pinion driving a ring gear on the rear wheel hub. The R32 had a tubular steel frame with twin downtubes that continued under the engine to the rear wheel. The front fork had a trailing link design suspended by a leaf spring, similar to the forks used by Indian at

273-567: The engine instead while running. Castor oil was often used because it lubricates well at the high temperatures found in air-cooled engines, and its tendency to gum is of little consequence in a total loss system, since it is constantly being replenished. Unburned castor oil in the exhaust was a cause of digestive complaints in many WWI airmen. Wankel engines are internal combustion engines using an eccentric rotary design to convert pressure into rotating motion. These engines exhibit some features of both four-stroke and two-stroke engines. Lubrication

294-516: The fuel, either manually beforehand (the petroil method), or automatically via an oil pump. Prior to being burned in the combustion chamber, this air/fuel/oil mixture passes through the engine's crankcase, lubricating the moving parts as it does so. In order to reduce exhaust smoke, the Kawasaki H2 750 cc (46 cu in) 2-stroke triple motorcycle had a scavenge pump with a spring-loaded ball-valve under each crankcase to return surplus oil to

315-514: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R32&oldid=1120054421 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages BMW R32 In 1919, BMW designed and manufactured the flat-twin M2B15 engine for Victoria Werke AG of Nuremberg. The engine

336-480: The norm for larger internal combustion engines . A pumped oil system can use higher oil pressures and so makes the use of hydrostatic bearings easier. These gave a greater load capacity and soon became essential for small, lightweight engines such as in cars. It was this bearing design that saw the end of splash lubrication and total loss oiling. It disappeared from nearly all cars in the 1920s, although total loss continued in small low power stationary engines into

357-583: The oil box had to be large enough to contain enough oil for a long working shift. To control the flow rate of oil from the reservoir to the bearing, the oil would flow through an oil wick by capillary action rather than downwards under gravity. On steamships that ran their engines for days at a time, some crew members would be "oilers ", whose primary duty was to continuously monitor and maintain oil boxes. On steam locomotives , access would be impossible during running, so in some cases centralised mechanical lubricators were used. These devices comprised

378-459: The tank for reuse. Normally known by the term " rotary engine ", the usually air-cooled radial configuration , rotating-crankcase Otto cycle engines were used by many "pioneer era" (1903–1914) aircraft and World War I combat aircraft . These engines were designed to have a total-loss lubrication system , with the motor oil held in a separate tank from the fuel in the vehicle, and not pre-mixed with it as with two-cycle engines, but mixed within

399-423: The time. The rear wheel was rigidly mounted. In the original First Series, braking was accomplished solely with a "dummy rim" on the rear wheel with two padded brake shoes set within it. One would be operated by the, now traditional, right hand lever and the other by use of a heel actuated lever on the right side. Later years would reroute the front right lever and cable to a front drum brake. The R32 established

420-444: Was a minor improvement to the splash lubrication of crankshafts, helping to establish his reputation as an innovative engineer. A more sophisticated form of splash lubrication, long used for rotating motor shafts rather than reciprocating engines, was the ring oiler . Later systems collect oil in a sump, from where it can be collected and pumped around the engine again, usually after rudimentary filtering. This system has long been

441-559: Was initially intended as a portable industrial engine, but found its main use in Victoria motorcycles. The engine was also used in the Helios motorcycle built by Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, which was later merged into BMW AG. Bayerische Flugzeugwerke also manufactured a small two-stroke engined motorcycle, called the Flink, which was not successful. After the merger, General Director of BMW Franz Josef Popp asked Design Director Max Friz to assess

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