41-517: R20 may refer to: Roads [ edit ] R-20 regional road (Montenegro) Small Ring, Brussels , a ring road in Belgium Other uses [ edit ] Chloroform , a refrigerant HMCS Crusader (R20) , a destroyer of the Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Navy R20: Harmful by inhalation , a risk phrase R20 battery ,
82-598: A 1/40 scale model of this final design won the great architectural prize at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris. This model, produced with the greatest care, still stands today in the basilica. The adaptation and extension of the existing foundations were undertaken from January 1926, and the building of the apse began in August 1930. After Van Huffel's death on 16 March 1935,
123-629: A Belgian Panthéon dedicated to Great Belgians there, inspired by the French Panthéon in Paris , to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Belgian independence . The king dropped this project due to the lack of enthusiasm of the Belgian population. It is nonetheless still attested today by the two large avenues—the Avenue des Gloires Nationales / Landsroemlaan and the Avenue du Panthéon / Pantheonlaan —that adjoin
164-511: A dry cell battery R20 Regions of Climate Action , a nonprofit environmental organization R20 series , preferred numbers in industrial design Renault 20 , a French executive car Small nucleolar RNA R20 Toyota TownAce (R20) , a Japanese van USS R-20 (SS-97) , a 1918 submarine of the United States Navy [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
205-423: A hundred metres or more, the highest of which would have culminated at 146 metres (479 ft) above the crossing . Leopold II laid the first stone on 12 October 1905 during the celebrations commemorating the 75th anniversary of Belgian independence. The foundation works started in 1909, but the project was delayed due to the king's death on 17 December 1909. Financing the basilica's construction also soon became
246-515: A national road from the very beginning of road numbering in Belgium. As all radial highways connecting Brussels with the provincial capitals and the national borders received numbers running from 1 to 10 (later renumbered 1–9), it seemed logical to assign the number 0 to the Small Ring, especially since it forms the first and only complete connection between all these routes and, as a ring road, somewhat has
287-436: A nearly as high green copper dome that rises 89 metres (292 ft) above ground, dominating Brussels' north-western skyline. It is served by the tram stop Bossaert-Basilique / Bossaert-Basiliek (on line 9). In the mid-19th century, King Leopold I dreamed of turning the uninhabited Koekelberg hill in north-western Brussels into a royal residence area. After his death, his son, King Leopold II , envisaged building
328-478: A photographic work by San Damon [ fr ] called When Jesus Became Christ on the theme of the crucifixion , seven original lithographs by Alfred Manessier on the theme of Easter and the Mount of Olives , works by James Ensor , a painting by Geneviève Asse on the biblical theme, as well as paintings by Albert Servaes . The painter Anto Carte designed the eight stained glass windows representing
369-477: A problem, so only the foundations had been finished when World War I broke out. In his pastoral letter for Christmas 1914, Cardinal Mercier gave the basilica a new meaning: As soon as Peace shines on our country, we will rebuild on our ruins, and we hope to put the crowning touch on this work of reconstruction by building, on the heights of the capital of free and catholic Belgium, the National Basilica of
410-512: Is a series of roadways in central Brussels , Belgium, surrounding the historic city centre. The city centre is usually defined as the area within the Small Ring; this area is called the Pentagon due to its pentagonal shape. The Pentagon forms the core of the City of Brussels municipality. The road was built on the site of the 14th-century second walls of Brussels , after they had been torn down. During
451-442: Is actually composed of a set of roads that form a pentagon, or ring. The Small Ring also crosses a lot of main roads leading to other towns. Some of those crossroads are located next to former gates of the second walls of Brussels and are named after those gates, for instance Porte de Namur/Naamsepoort. On top of the 7 gates of the second walls, some of the gates were built later on to collect taxes at important crossroads, among which
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#1732855928238492-582: Is dedicated to the Sacred Heart , inspired by the Basilique du Sacré-Cœur in Paris. Symbolically, King Leopold II laid the first stone in 1905 during the celebrations of the 75th anniversary of Belgian independence . The construction was halted by the two world wars and finished only in 1970. Belonging to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels , it is the 14th largest church by area in
533-584: Is flanked by two slender towers, 65 metres (213 ft) high, topped with reduced domes. The narthex - portal has a large balcony intended for open-air masses, the parapet of which was carved with a bas-relief depicting Christ the Merciful . Its pillars are extended by statues of the four evangelists by the Belgian-Danish sculptor Harry Elstrøm [ fr ] . From left to right, they depict Saint John and his eagle (1955), Saint Luke carrying
574-667: The Catholic Church with a view to building instead the national basilica there. The deed of donation of the 3.32 ha (8.2 acres) of land was signed on 12 December and confirmed on 31 December through a royal decree . The initial project of the Leuven -based architect Pierre Langerock [ fr ] was a sumptuous neo-Gothic basilica inspired by the "ideal cathedral" of the French architectural theorist Eugène Viollet-le-Duc . Langerock envisaged an edifice bristling with six towers of
615-733: The Greater Ring , which runs about 30 km (19 mi), and by the main Brussels Ring motorway (about 80 km (50 mi)). The road passes through tunnels allowing vehicles to avoid surface-level traffic lights. It is thus possible to drive through tunnels from Brussels-South railway station to the Place Sainctelette/Saincteletteplein (via Arts-Loi/Kunst-Wet) and then on to the Koekelberg Basilica , or vice versa, without traffic light interruption. The section of
656-526: The French bombardment of Brussels in 1695, or French troops from seizing the city in 1746 as part of the War of the Austrian Succession , leaving the defensive works in ruins. By that time, siege was no longer an important part of warfare. Due to the growth of commerce and improved roads, the fortifications did little more than frustrate transit into and out of the city. In 1782, Emperor Joseph II ordered
697-552: The French Emperor ordered the second walls demolished and replaced by boulevards with a median in the centre. The fall of the First French Empire prevented the project's immediate execution. With the return of stability, in 1818, authorities organised a contest for plans to demolish the ramparts and replace them with boulevards suited to the exigencies of contemporary life in the city. The proposal of Jean-Baptiste Vifquain
738-680: The Halle Gate tunnel and the Anderlecht Gate intersection the N0 designation follows Boulevard du Midi/Zuidlaan, while the counter-clockwise direction (following Boulevard Poincarélaan and Avenue de la Porte de Hal/Hallepoortlaan) has the designation N0a . While between Place de l'Yser/IJzerplein and the Antwerp Gate intersection the N0b designation exists for a short section of Boulevard d'Anvers/Antwerpselaan where
779-508: The N0 has entered the Rogier tunnel. Finally, the designation N0c was given to a stretch of road connecting the Small Ring to Rue Belliardstraat at the Trône or Troon tunnel (counter-clockwise only). In a similar fashion the outer ring road, the motorway constructed between the 1950s and the late 1970s, received the road number R0 (ring zero). During the 1980s a new numbering system for national roads
820-569: The Namur gate and Trône/Troon. 50°51′25″N 4°21′09″E / 50.85701°N 4.3525°E / 50.85701; 4.3525 Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels The National Basilica of the Sacred Heart ( French : Basilique nationale du Sacré-Cœur ; Dutch : Nationale Basiliek van het Heilig-Hart ) is a Catholic minor basilica and parish church in Brussels , Belgium. It
861-536: The Porte de Ninove/Ninoofsepoort and the Porte d'Anvers/Antwerpsepoort. The only gate to remain is the Porte de Hal/Hallepoort , while at Porte d'Anderlecht/Anderlechtsepoort and at Porte de Ninove/Ninoofsepoort some buildings from the former gate remain. Starting from the north-east of the Small Ring, place Sainctelette, and going clockwise, the ring crosses successively: The Brussels metro 's lines 2 and 6 run under or alongside
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#1732855928238902-551: The Sacred Heart. On 29 June 1919, King Albert I and a large crowd associated themselves with this promise in a ceremony on the Koekelberg hill. However, it was impossible to resume Langerock's plan due to the state of public finances. A new project, in Art Deco style of neo-Byzantine inspiration, by the Ghent architect Albert Van Huffel [ fr ] , was thus adopted. In 1925,
943-648: The Small Ring between the Place Sainctelette and the South Station via the Anderlecht Gate is completely at surface-level and is thus slower to traverse. In the 14th century, Brussels had a second set of defensive walls built to accommodate the expanding city. There were eight gates built along its length, many of which give their names to squares and intersections along the course of the road. The walls proved fairly useless in combat, not able to prevent either
984-544: The Small Ring from the South Station to Place Sainctelette via Arts-Loi/Kunst-Wet, while the section via the Anderlecht gate is serviced by tram routes 51 from Lemonnier to Petit Château/Kleinkasteel and 82 from Lemonnier to the Ninove gate. Bus 89 follows the Small Ring for one stop between the Ninove and Flanders gates. Between Rogier and Botanique/Kruidtuin, bus 61 also drives on the Small Ring, while buses 34, 64 and 80 drive between
1025-513: The bull (1958), Saint Mark enlaced by the lion (1958), and Saint Matthew with man (1964). The basilica's interior possesses a rich architectural heritage and holds an exceptional collection of works of art, including Tête du Christ bronze sculpture by Constant Permeke , thirty-one engravings by Joan Miró about the Canticle of the Sun by Saint Francis of Assisi , a painting by Antoni Tàpies ,
1066-432: The ceremony for the 25th anniversary of the episcopate of Archbishop of Mechelen–Brussels , Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens , marked the completion of the basilica's construction. On 4 June 1995, Father Damien was beatified in the basilica by Pope John Paul II . The Koekelberg Basilica is one of the largest Art Deco buildings in the world, and was, at the time of its construction, the fifth largest church building in
1107-451: The construction was taken over by his assistant, the architect-engineer Paul Rome. Cardinal Jozef-Ernest van Roey consecrated the unfinished basilica and opened it for worship on 14 October 1935, after obtaining a special authorisation from Pope Pius XI . The base of the cupola was finished in 1940 when World War II brought a new halt to the works. Building resumed in September 1944 and
1148-513: The dismantling of most fortifications in the Low Countries , including those of Brussels. The dismantling work of the exterior defences began in the east of the city. In 1795, when Republican France invaded and annexed the Low Countries, the demolitions were stopped, not resuming until an order from Napoleon in 1804. The Laeken Gate was destroyed in 1808. By an ordinance on 19 May 1810,
1189-457: The land that was freed up, although this took over twenty years to do. In the 1950s, with pressure from the automobile , new plans to improve traffic flow were implemented, partly due to the 1958 Brussels World's Fair ( Expo 58 ). Later, tunnels were dug, and one of the main lines of the Brussels Metro now runs primarily underneath the Small Ring. [REDACTED] The Small Ring has been
1230-399: The life of Jesus, and the artist Ri Coëme [ nl ] an additional twenty-eight. The altar , the liturgical furniture and the cross in the choir are the work of the sculptor Jacques Dieudonné [ fr ] . The basilica also contains two organs : a large 1959 modern choir organ and a 1965 classical choir organ in the crypt . The basilica, on the Koekelberg hill,
1271-399: The main nave was completed in 1951. The basilica was consecrated by Cardinal Van Roey on 13 and 14 October 1951, and Pope Pius XII assigned it the title of minor basilica on 28 January 1952. In 1953, the two towers were completed. The south transept opened in 1958 and the north transept in 1962. The cupola and thus the external structure was finished in 1969, and on 11 November 1970,
R20 - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-649: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R20&oldid=1174683645 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Small Ring, Brussels Brussels Small Ring The Small Ring ( French : Petite Ceinture ; Dutch : Kleine Ring ) inner ring road, formally R20 and N0 ,
1353-449: The second stage of the covering of the Senne in the 20th century, the river was diverted to underneath the western boulevards of the Small Ring. This freed up the main tunnels that had contained the water to allow construction of the Brussels premetro (underground tram) service with minimal disruption to the surface. The Small Ring is about 8 km (5.0 mi) long. It is surrounded by
1394-406: The shape of a zero. The route N0 formally has its kilometer zero at the Porte de Hal/Hallepoort (in the middle of the tunnel) and then runs in a clockwise fashion back to where it began. The N0 follows the fastest option of the different roads available and therefore goes through the various tunnels, starting with the Rogier tunnel and ending with the Halle Gate tunnel. Between the western exit of
1435-564: The site. In 1902, Leopold II visited the Basilique du Sacré-Cœur of Paris, and inspired by it, decided to build a pilgrimage church back home, a national sanctuary dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus . While he saw the opportunity to build his national Panthéon at the Namur Gate in Ixelles , Leopold II accepted that the land of Koekelberg be ceded by the Compagnie immobilière de Belgique to
1476-572: The two main Belgian national languages (Dutch and French), as well as conferences, exhibitions (as in 2007–08, the International Leonardo da Vinci Expo), a restaurant, a Catholic radio station, a theatre and two museums. The building's exterior combines reinforced concrete with terracotta layering, Dutch belvédère bricks, and white dimension stone from Burgundy . The green roofs and domes are clad in Congolese copper . The main entrance
1517-437: The world and the largest in Belgium. Located at the head of Elisabeth Park atop the Koekelberg hill, between the municipalities of Koekelberg and Ganshoren , the church is popularly known as the Koekelberg Basilica (French: Basilique de Koekelberg ; Dutch: Basiliek van Koekelberg ). The massive brick and reinforced concrete structure, in Art Deco style of neo-Byzantine inspiration, features two thinner towers and
1558-461: The world , at 89 metres (292 ft) high and 164.5 metres (540 ft) long (outside length). It remains today one of the largest basilicas and can accommodate 3,500 people. The central nave is 141 metres (463 ft) long, and at its widest, the building is 107 metres (351 ft). The cupola rises 89 metres (292 ft) above ground and has a diameter of 33 metres (108 ft). This enormous building houses Catholic Church celebrations in
1599-471: Was implemented. After the introduction of the R0 to R9 designation for motorway and expressway ring roads in the 1970s, the network of R-roads was expanded to include many Small Ring roads across the country, using the new provincially based numbering system. Within this system the numbers 20 to 29 were available for Brabant province. The Small Ring of Brussels then received a second road number, R20 . This designation
1640-582: Was originally conceived to include the surface-level sections of the ring where tunnels are available to carry through traffic, as well as the surface-level sections of the N23-West connecting at Sainctelette. R20a and R20b designations were subsequently introduced. The intermediate ring road has the (partial) designation R21 and the second ring road is the R22 , existing only between Verbrande Brug/Pont Brûlé industrial estate and La Cambre/Ter Kameren. The Small Ring
1681-405: Was ultimately chosen. It involved construction of squares and boulevards, with spaces to walk and two to four rows of trees lining the route, a main road and parallel side roads. A barrier with a ditch running its length was still installed, however, and toll pavilions built at the entrances, to allow continued taxation of commercial goods entering the city. The work was to be financed by selling