The BMW R 11 was the first touring motorcycle in the 750cc class manufactured by the German Motorcycle with a pressed-steel frame in duplex form, in the vein of the Neander motorcycle of Ernst Neumann-Neander.
16-547: (Redirected from R-11 ) R11 , R-11 , Meaning R11 - Rhyll Anthony, R11.ID Automobiles [ edit ] BMW R 11 , a German motorcycle R-11 Refueler a military truck of the United States Air Force Renault 11 , a French family car Vessels [ edit ] HMS R11 , a submarine of the Royal Navy HMS ; Tumult (R11) ,
32-554: A Soviet turbojet engine Umbundu , a Bantu language of Angola [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R11&oldid=1121096052 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
48-655: A destroyer of the Royal Navy INS ; Vikrant (1961) , an aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy decommissioned in 1997 INS Vikrant (2013) , an aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy commissioned in 2022 Spanish aircraft carrier Príncipe de Asturias (R11) USS R-11 (SS-88) , a submarine of the United States Navy Other uses [ edit ] R11 (New York City Subway car) R11 (Rodalies de Catalunya) ,
64-406: A minimum tensile strength of 20,000 psi (140 MPa). Class 20 has a high carbon equivalent and a ferrite matrix. Higher strength gray irons, up to class 40, have lower carbon equivalents and a pearlite matrix. Gray iron above class 40 requires alloying to provide solid solution strengthening , and heat treating is used to modify the matrix. Class 80 is the highest class available, but it
80-528: A regional rail line in Catalonia, Spain Caudron R.11 , a French biplane fighter R11: Highly flammable , a risk phrase R-11 regional road (Montenegro) R-11 Zemlya , a Soviet tactical ballistic missile Oppo R11 , a smartphone Remington R11 RSASS , an American semi-automatic rifle Small nucleolar RNA R11/Z151 Trichlorofluoromethane , a chlorofluorocarbon used as a refrigerant Tumansky R-11 ,
96-738: Is a type of cast iron that has a graphitic microstructure. It is named after the gray color of the fracture it forms, which is due to the presence of graphite. It is the most common cast iron and the most widely used cast material based on weight. It is used for housings where the stiffness of the component is more important than its tensile strength , such as internal combustion engine cylinder blocks , pump housings, valve bodies, electrical boxes, and decorative castings . Grey cast iron's high thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are often exploited to make cast iron cookware and disc brake rotors. Its former widespread use on brakes in freight trains has been greatly reduced in
112-533: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages BMW R 11 7,500 R 11 motorcycles were produced between 1930 and 1934. In 1928, BMW presented with the R 11 and R 16, the first motorcycles with a pressed steel frame. In BMW's price lists No. 37 and No. 38 from January and February 1929, the motorcycles were announced for early 1930. The motorcycles were no longer listed in March 1929's price list No. 39. Delivery of
128-477: Is extremely brittle. ASTM A247 is also commonly used to describe the graphite structure. Other ASTM standards that deal with gray iron include ASTM A126 , ASTM A278 , and ASTM A319 . In the automotive industry, the SAE International (SAE) standard SAE J431 is used to designate grades instead of classes. These grades are a measure of the tensile strength-to- Brinell hardness ratio. The variation of
144-552: The European Union over concerns regarding noise pollution . Deutsche Bahn for example had replaced grey iron brakes on 53,000 of its freight cars (85% of their fleet) with newer, quieter models by 2019—in part to comply with a law that came into force in December 2020. A typical chemical composition to obtain a graphitic microstructure is 2.5 to 4.0% carbon and 1 to 3% silicon by weight. Graphite may occupy 6 to 10% of
160-409: The tensile modulus of elasticity of the various grades is a reflection of the percentage of graphite in the material as such material has neither strength nor stiffness and the space occupied by graphite acts like a void, thereby creating a spongy material. Gray iron is a common engineering alloy because of its relatively low cost and good machinability , which results from the graphite lubricating
176-431: The cut and breaking up the chips. It also has good galling and wear resistance because the graphite flakes self-lubricate. The graphite also gives gray iron an excellent damping capacity because it absorbs the energy and converts it into heat. Grey iron cannot be worked (forged, extruded, rolled etc.) even at temperature. Gray iron also experiences less solidification shrinkage than other cast irons that do not form
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#1732851543538192-470: The graphite flakes. Grey iron also has very good damping capacity and hence it is often used as the base for machine tool mountings. In the United States, the most commonly used classification for gray iron is ASTM International standard A48 . This orders gray iron into classes which correspond with its minimum tensile strength in thousands of pounds per square inch (ksi); e.g. class 20 gray iron has
208-417: The greater the time for the carbon to diffuse and accumulate into graphite. A moderate cooling rate forms a more pearlitic matrix, while a fast cooling rate forms a more ferritic matrix. To achieve a fully ferritic matrix the alloy must be annealed . Rapid cooling partly or completely suppresses graphitization and leads to the formation of cementite , which is called white iron . The graphite takes on
224-523: The motorcycles first began in Germany in the summer of 1930. Its M 56 engine was a four-stroke two-cylinder valve-in-block boxer engine. The gray iron cylinder had removable aluminium cylinder heads and radial cooling fins. The R 11 had a manual transmission with a driveshaft on the right side of the unsprung rear wheel. The kickstarter was operated at a right angle to the vehicle's longitudinal axis. Gray iron Gray iron , or grey cast iron ,
240-434: The shape of a three-dimensional flake. In two dimensions, as a polished surface, the graphite flakes appear as fine lines. The graphite has no appreciable strength, so they can be treated as voids. The tips of the flakes act as preexisting notches at which stresses concentrate and it therefore behaves in a brittle manner. The presence of graphite flakes makes the grey iron easily machinable as they tend to crack easily across
256-405: The volume of grey iron. Silicon is important for making grey iron as opposed to white cast iron , because silicon is a graphite stabilizing element in cast iron, which means it helps the alloy produce graphite instead of iron carbides ; at 3% silicon almost no carbon is held in chemical form as iron carbide. Another factor affecting graphitization is the solidification rate; the slower the rate,
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