Misplaced Pages

#932067

25-628: Quva is motherland of Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī , (800/805–870) also known as Alfraganus in the West, was an astronomer in the Abbasid court in Baghdad , and one of the most famous astronomers in the 9th century. The lunar crater Alfraganus is named after him. Quva also famous with its fruits pomegranates, cherries and peaches. In addition, there is a big water reservoir ''Karkidon',' translated means rhinoceros and South Ferghana Canal in

50-409: Is a deliberate mathematical process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more outputs or results . The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm , to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people. For example, multiplying 7 by 6

75-400: Is a simple algorithmic calculation. Extracting the square root or the cube root of a number using mathematical models is a more complex algorithmic calculation. Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers. To calculate means to determine mathematically in

100-503: Is named after him. Al-Farghani was born sometime in the early 9th century, and his last name suggests that his birthplace was most likely in Quva city, Farghana, Uzbekistan . He has been described as Arab or Persian . He was involved in the calculation of the diameter of the Earth by the measurement of the meridian arc length, together with a team of scientists under the patronage of

125-609: The Fergana Valley . Once Cuba was the second-largest of its kind in the area after the ancient Ferghana Valley capital, Ahsiket , but in the late 13th century the Mongolian invasion ruined the city. The old town was composed of three parts: the citadel, the shahhristan and the rabbit (residential part of the city). The Middle Ages in the Fergana Valley, where Kuva had developed craft, especially pottery and gold-work, metal treatment,

150-541: The circumference of the Earth , the Earth's axial tilt , and the apsides of the Sun and the Moon. Though al-Farghani's summary of Almagest contained these numerical corrections, the summary itself did not emphasize the mathematics of Ptolemy's astronomical theory and was instead focused more on conveying the conceptual parts of the theory in an easily-understood manner. Al-Farghani's book

175-634: The ʿAbbāsid caliph al-Ma'mūn in Baghdad . Later he moved to Cairo, where he composed a treatise on the astrolabe around 856. There, he also supervised the construction of the large Nilometer , called the New Nilometer, on the Rawda Island (in Old Cairo) at the behest of the ʿAbbāsid caliph al-Mutawakkil , which was completed in the year 861. This instrument allowed the height of the Nile to be measured in

200-571: The 17th century the Dutch orientalist Jacob Golius published the Arabic text on the basis of a manuscript he had acquired in the Near East, accompanied by Golius' own Latin translation, the last recorded, and extensive notes and revisions. Al-Farghani also wrote several documents about astronomical instruments. His most famous is his treatise on the astrolabe , which is the oldest surviving document that details

225-409: The Earth's circumference as the basis for his voyages to America . However, Columbus mistook al-Farghani's 7091-foot Arabic mile to be a 4856-foot Roman mile . This error caused him to underestimate the Earth's circumference, leading him to sail to North America while he believed that he was taking a shortcut to Asia . Calculation This is an accepted version of this page A calculation

250-485: The West ( c.  800  – 870), was an astronomer in the Abbasid court in Baghdad, and one of the most famous astronomers in the 9th century. Al-Farghani composed several works on astronomy and astronomical equipment that were widely distributed in Arabic and Latin and were influential to many scientists. His best known work, Kitāb fī Jawāmiʿ ʿIlm al-Nujūmi (whose name translates to Elements of astronomy on

275-572: The ancient Buddhist and then the Muslim center of Qubo. The total area of the district is 437 km. In the west and south-west it borders with Ferghana, in the north-west - with Tashlak districts of the Ferghana region, in the north - with Boz, in the east - with the Marhamat districts of Andijan region of Uzbekistan, in the south and southeast - with Osh region of Kyrgyzstan . In terms of population density,

SECTION 10

#1732855933933

300-402: The astrolabe provides the mathematical basis for the construction of the astrolabe, along with tables containing thousands of data points enabling the construction of astrolabes that function at varying lines of longitude. Though a theoretical basis for the construction of an astrolabe is presented in this work, the treatise lacked specific methods for physical construction because the purpose of

325-431: The canal without unusually high water levels. Al-Mutawakkil was enraged when he heard of the mistake, and so he sent Sanad ibn ‘Ali to assess the culpability of the brothers Muhammad and Ahmad who contracted al-Fraghani to build it. Sanad ibn ‘Ali ultimately reported (deceitfully) to al-Mutawakkil that there was no mistake in the design of the canal created by al-Farghani, which delayed any consequences long enough for

350-525: The case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer using logic , reason or common sense . The English word derives from the Latin calculus , which originally meant a pebble (from Latin calx ), for instance the small stones used as a counters on an abacus (Latin: abacus , Greek : ἄβαξ , romanized :  abax ). The abacus was an instrument used by Greeks and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding

375-515: The celestial motions ), was an extensive summary of Ptolemy's Almagest containing revised and more accurate experimental data. Christopher Columbus used Al Farghani's calculations for his voyages to America (but mistakenly interpreted Arabic miles as Roman miles). In addition to making substantial contributions to astronomy, al-Farghani also worked as an engineer, supervising construction projects on rivers in Cairo , Egypt . The lunar crater Alfraganus

400-539: The controversy to cease abruptly after the assassination of al-Mutawakkil in 861 that resulted in the canal remaining unfinished. Al-Farghani died in Egypt sometime after 861. There is some debate about whether the two names for al-Farghani, Muhammad ibn Kath lr and Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kat, mentioned in historical sources refer to two different people, but most historians argue that both names describe just one al-Farghani. The most influential work produced by al-Farghani

425-479: The district exceeds the national average. The population in 2004 was about 186,400 people (62.58% of the total population are women). Among the nationalities, the majority are Uzbeks , Tajiks , Tatars , Russians and others. The mediaeval city was known as Cuba City, according to the studies focused on Arab written documents dating from the VII to X centuries. It was located along the old caravan road linking Kashgar and

450-453: The event of a flood. Also in Cairo, al-Farghani was tasked with building a canal, called al-Ja‘fari, by the two brothers Muhammad and Ahmad ibn Musa, who were themselves ordered by al-Mutawakkil to oversee the construction of the canal. Reports indicate that al-Farghani made a critical mistake in the design of the canal, and had the entrance of the canal dug too deep for water to enter the rest of

475-461: The territory of Quva. Neighbouring with the Marhamat district of Andijan region. Kuva district is an administrative unit, the easternmost region of the Ferghana region of Uzbekistan. The administrative center is the city of Kuva. The district was formed as part of the Uzbek SSR on September 29, 1926. Since 1939, the village became the district center, and now the city of Kuva, which arose on the site of

500-434: The theoretical construction and use of the tool. Although historical sources indicate that there were probably other documents regarding the theory of astrolabes (including one written by al-Khwarizmi ) circulating around the time that al-Farghani wrote his treatise, al-Farghani notes in his treatise that he was not aware of any such documents, suggesting that his treatise was a purely original work. Al-Farghani's treatise on

525-438: The treatise was not to give instructions for building an astrolabe, but rather to provide mathematical justification for the functionality of the astrolabe. The work Kitāb al-Fihrist by Ibn al-Nadim suggests that al-Farghani was also responsible for writing a book about the use and function of sundials , though no copies exist in the present day. In the 15th century, Christopher Columbus used al-Farghani's estimate for

SECTION 20

#1732855933933

550-570: Was a major economic and political part in the region. The first archaeological studies in the town began as early as the 1950s when the Major Fergana Canal was constructed, but in the 1956-1957 expedition the greatest achievement was found. This Uzbekistan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Al-Farghani Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī ( Arabic : أبو العبّاس أحمد بن محمد بن كثير الفرغاني ) also known as Alfraganus in

575-485: Was also translated into Hebrew by Jacob Anatoli sometime from 1231 to 1235. This translation of Elements contains an additional section discussing Ptolemy's 48 constellations, which was probably also written by al-Farghani, but is not found in other translations of the book. Drawing primarily from Anatoli's Hebrew translation, but also from John of Seville's previous Latin translation, Jacob Christmann translated yet another Latin translation of Elements in 1590. In

600-536: Was his textbook Kitāb fī Jawāmiʿ ʿIlm al-Nujūm ( كتاب في جوامع علم النجوم A Compendium of the Science of the Stars ) or Elements of astronomy on the celestial motions , written sometime between about 833 and 857. Elements was a descriptive summary of Ptolemy's Almagest that included the findings and revised values of earlier Islamic astronomers. Among the revisions included in the book were corrections to calculations of

625-525: Was translated into Latin in the 12th century by John of Seville in 1135 and later by Gerard of Cremona prior to 1175. These translations remained very popular in Europe until the time of Regiomontanus . Dante Alighieri 's knowledge of Ptolemaic astronomy, which is evident in his Divina Commedia as well as other works such as the Convivio , seems to have been drawn from his reading of Alfraganus. Elements

#932067