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73-693: The Quimbaya inhabited the areas corresponding to the modern departments of Quindío , Caldas and Risaralda in Colombia , around the valley of the Cauca River . There is no clear data about when they were initially established; the current best guess is around the 1st century BCE. The name "quimbaya" has become a traditional generic term to refer to many of the productions and objects found in this geographical area, even if they cannot technically be traced to this same ethnic group and can be dated to different epochs in time. The Quimbaya people reached their zenith during

146-465: A form of casting that has been found throughout ancient civilisations as early as 4000 BCE. The majority of recovered Quimbaya ceramic artifacts consist of decorated jars and vessels with anthropomorphic features. Additionally there were many ceramic figures portraying particular social classes or individuals. Numerous ceramic spindle whorls have also been found amongst the Quimbaya treasure, alluding to

219-468: A form of ‘proof of flight’. There has been scientific analysis of pre-Hispanic artifacts, especially of gold-works, on a compositional level, including the physical and radiocarbon examination of materials, techniques and the use of colour, to provide dating and potential geographical context. Archaeometric methods, including spectrophotometry and spectroscopy on metallurgical variations in composition have also been used to establish information on origin. It

292-464: A hyperbolic description of the exotic and mysterious artifacts found across the broader central Colombian region. The expansive boom in South American artifact trade similarly gave rise to an increase in faked artifact production. Many of the original artifacts were chimeras of rearranged or reshaped fragments into further complex and aesthetically provoking designs in hopes to sell better along with

365-409: A large funerary deposit that was later looted. Much of the Quimbaya artifacts were created from a combination of pure gold, but also the gold-copper alloy, tumbaga . This alloy gave the gold-works a reddish hue within the final product and allowed further malleability post the casting process. Much of the gold and Tumbaga works of the Quimbaya are believed to have been cast with the lost wax technique,

438-401: A protectionist legal system. The guaquéros artifact trade was heavily exacerbated by the increase in exotic artifact demand internationally. This created a further spread of misinformation through the mislabeling of artifact origin as a guise to further their elusiveness. Given the scale, complicity and increasing levels of sophistication involved in modern artifact trading, illicit activity

511-512: A range of other vessels and ornaments were used as burial offerings. Tomb artifacts also include funeral masks and sarcophagi, suggesting the central importance of burial rituals and particularly the use of gold as a sacred metal to elevate spiritual preparations for the afterlife. The most notable collection of Quimbaya artifacts is the Quimbaya treasure which consists of 433 artifacts originally discovered in 1890 in Quindio , Colombia. The artifacts of

584-695: A total of 125 municipalities. The nine subregions with their municipalities are: The population of Antioquia is 6,613,118 (2017 estimate), of which more than half live in the metropolitan area of Medellín . The racial composition is: During the 16th and 18th centuries, Antioquia received many immigrants from Spain (Especially the northern Spain ). Most Indigenous peoples died from the introduction of European diseases, and many of those who survived intermarried with early Spanish settlers, who were mostly men; later, Spanish women also began to immigrate. Thousands of Scottish and English who settled in Antioquia fought for

657-457: Is a department of Colombia . It's located in the western central of the country, specifically in the Andean region . Its capital is Armenia . It's famous for the quality of the coffee plantations, colorful architecture, benign weather, variety of hotel accommodations and tourist landmarks. This department is located in a strategic area, in the center of the triangle formed by the three main cities of

730-746: Is an indigenous & sacred animal recognized by indigenous and mestizo communities in the Quindío Department of Colombia. Belief in the Christmas Panther (el puma de navidad) has developed throughout the history of the Quimbayan holiday known as the Alumbrado de Navidad (see Feast of the Immaculate Conception ), celebrated on the 7th of December in recognition of the Roman Catholic belief in

803-443: Is characterised as largely opaque with considerable investment in investigative efforts required to prove authenticity. Additionally many of the original gold artifacts found were rather smelted into ingots before any analysis, as the raw materials were of more value to the looters than their cultural value. The trade and looting of these artifacts inevitably lead to the loss of many important archaeological and cultural knowledge. Of

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876-490: Is empowered to buy as much land as needed to create wildlife sanctuaries with the purpose of preserving this national symbol and its natural environment. It is forbidden to cut down the Quindío wax palm tree. The punishment for doing so shall be a fine and a term in jail"." The Quindío wax palm tree was nearly driven to extinction by the extraction of the resinous substance that it exudes. Furthermore, its leaves were widely used for

949-833: Is important to note that cultural specificity is possible given that "different goldsmith cultures inhabited the Columbian territories" and that each of these utilised "different finishes and colours on their surfaces, in accordance with the techniques and alloys used.". Given the importance of physical condition and the impacts of material damage and weathering to scientific analysis, the preservation, storage and restoration process for Quimbaya artefacts impacts how these materials are interpreted in modern times. Precise dating and geographical context are key indicators for identifying cultural, social and religious practices that may indicate traditional or ceremonial purposes. Quind%C3%ADo Quindío ( Spanish pronunciation: [kinˈdi.o] )

1022-772: Is known. These are a range of primarily ceramic and gold objects surviving from the Quimbaya civilisation, which was one of many pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia inhabiting the Middle Cauca River valley and southern Antioquian region of modern day Colombia. The artifacts are believed to have originated during the Classical Quimbaya period 500 BC–600 AD. Poporos are vessel type containers primarily used to store powdered lime, made from calcined seashells. They were often cast in gold and decorated with human figures and exhibited "great elegance of conception, manufacture, and finish". The most noteworthy poporos artifact

1095-598: Is named after some of the many other Hellenistic ancient cities in the Middle East named Antiochia , which were founded as well by some of the Antiochus Kings during the Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC). Due to its geographical isolation, being located among mountains, Antioquia suffered supply problems. Its topography did not allow for much agriculture, so the city became dependent upon trade, especially of gold and gin for

1168-516: Is one of the 32 departments of Colombia , located in the central northwestern part of Colombia with a narrow section that borders the Caribbean Sea . Most of its territory is mountainous with some valleys , much of which is part of the Andes mountain range. Antioquia has been part of many territorial divisions of former countries created within the present-day territory of Colombia. Prior to adoption of

1241-508: Is partly due to the Basque language always having been an outcast, which apparently left no written evidence in Antioquia. The current Spanish dialect in Antioquia, closely observed, has obvious influences from Basque. Basque influence is evident in words such coscorria (useless, inept) and 'tap' (tap), to name only a few cases. Basque also influenced the pronunciation of the letter 's' apico-alveolar (transitional between 's' and 'sh'), so in

1314-681: Is the Poporo Quimbaya exhibited in the Gold Museum in Bogotá, Colombia. Cast using the lost wax technique in tumbaga alloy around 300 CE, the 777 gram golden vessel was used as a ceremonial device for consuming lime while chewing coca leaves during religious ceremonies These Quimbaya ceremonial artifacts include anthropomorphic or (often male) human figure objects, often seated, approximately 10-50cm in height, made as cinerary urns either cast in gold, or clay slab ceramics. Several examples can be found in

1387-463: Is the term used in Colombia and broader South America for an individual who loots graves or tombs for their profession. This occupation was widespread and accepted within the early 19th century where a legal framework was in order that applied ownership to those who discovered the artifacts. This legal framework was in place up until the early 20th century when new laws enforced state ownership and therefore

1460-505: The Caribbean Sea , in Urabá . This area has a tropical climate and is of high strategic importance due to its location. Before Spanish colonization, different indigenous tribes inhabited this part of modern Colombia. Their origin is uncertain, as specialists believe that some came from the Caribbean island, and others that they originated among peoples along the interior Amazon River . Antioquia

1533-509: The Cauca River . They were said to have taken important treasures from the indigenous people's tombs. In response, the warriors of chief Nutibara harassed the Spaniards continually, and forced them to return to Urabá . In 1541, the conquistador Jorge Robledo departed from the site of the future (1542) Spanish town of Arma, a little below Aguadas in the North of Caldas, to lead an expedition north on

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1606-536: The Colombian Constitution of 1886 , Antioquia State had its own sovereign government. The department covers an area of 63,612 km (24,561 sq mi), and has a population of 5,819,358 (2006 estimate); 6.6 million (2010 estimate). Antioquia borders the Córdoba Department and the Caribbean Sea to the north; Chocó to the west; the departments of Bolivar , Santander , and Boyaca to

1679-498: The Cordillera Central . Highest mountain: ( Nevado del Quindío ) 5,150 m (16,896 ft) high. The lowest area is the valley of La Vieja River , 1,100 m (3,609 ft) high. This department consists entirely of mountain landscapes covered in tropical rainforest and Guadua bamboo forests. The ground is enriched with ancient volcanic eruptions, raising its fertility. There are also many rivers and streams, including

1752-565: The Cordillera Occidental of the Andes . The Cordillera Central divides to form the Aburrá valley , in which the capital, Medellín , is located. The Cordillera Central forms the plateaus of Santa Rosa de Osos and Rionegro . While 80% of the department's territory is mountainous, Antioquia also has lowlands in Bajo Cauca , Magdalena Medio , and eastern Sonsón , as well as coastline on

1825-499: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York collection. The stylised figures were often designed portraying a social class and included as offerings in burials in tombs representing the guardians or companions for the deceased. Representative of a distinctive Quimbaya style they have been described as "serenely smiling human beings in a variety of quiescent poses". These include a range of phytomorphic and zoomorphic representations,

1898-663: The Museo de América in Madrid, Spain where they reside currently. They are yet to be returned to Colombia despite a judgment issued on 19 October 2017 by the Colombian Constitutional Court ordering the restitution of the objects of the Quimbaya people under international laws and treaties concerning the cultural property of indigenous peoples. Gold-works are the predominant material composition and finish type for known Quimbaya artifacts, used extensively across categories, including

1971-745: The Quindío River which rises in the Cocora Valley . The weather varies widely, having two rainy seasons (April and November) separated by two dry seasons. The annual precipitation is around 2,500 mm (98 in) and comes from the humidity of winds from the Pacific Ocean being cooled as they rise over the Andes . The average temperature is between 24 °C (75 °F) in the La Vieja river valley and 16 °C (61 °F) in Salento. With law 61 of 1985,

2044-471: The Sam Agustin , Tierradentro , Tumaco , Zenú , and Narino cultures. Even prior to Quimbaya goldsmith prevalence, metal objects played a role in social and class differentiation in the region, signifying the special status of certain individuals and groups in pre-Columbian cultures. The comprehensive archaeological record of unique cultural elements of Quimbaya culture has potentially been compromised by

2117-469: The 4th to 7th century CE period known as The Quimbaya Classic. The culture's most emblematic piece comes from this period, a form of poporo known as the Poporo Quimbaya . It is on exhibit at the Bogotá Gold Museum . The most frequent designs in these art pieces depicted men and women sitting with closed eyes and placid expression. In addition there were many fruits and forms of poporos . Most of

2190-469: The Alumbrado de Navidad and the symbolism of the puma to native peoples were linked. It is still a common practice to display the symbol of the panther (in the form of sculptures made of terra cotta , cloth, plastic, etc.) in conjunction with the lighting of candles on the night of December the 7th. Such religious syncretism is especially visible in the rural pueblos of Quindío where many residents claim full or partial descent from Quimbaya native peoples of

2263-408: The Antioquia, and the letter "ll" (double L) pronounced as an affricative, not to overlook the inclusion of the letter "a" before certain initial Rs: arrecostarse instead of recostarse , arrecoger instead of recoger and arrecordarse instead of recordarse . The first Spaniard known to have visited the territory now known as Antioquia was Rodrigo de Bastidas , who explored

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2336-471: The Carib. Although the tribe was numerous and known for its warring culture, the various peoples of this family became dominated or exterminated by the Spaniards in the process of conquest and colonization . As did all Native Americans, they suffered extremely high mortality due to newly introduced infectious Eurasian diseases, to which they had no immunity . In some cases the surviving natives dispersed to evade

2409-513: The Cauca River. Farther north, Robledo would found the city of Santa Fe de Antioquia , which in 1813 was declared the capital of the sovereign and independent state of Antioquia, and remained the seat of the governate until 1826, when Medellin was designated the capital. Other Spaniards who settled Antioquia came from Extremadura, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands. The Extremadurans influenced

2482-567: The Colombian Congress adopted the Quindío wax palm tree, Ceroxylon quindiuense , a local endangered species adapted to high altitudes, as the National Tree. As ratified on September 16, 1985, by the then president of Colombia, Belisario Betancur , the law states: "The species commonly known as the Quindío wax palm tree, scientific name Ceroxylon quindiuense, is declared the national tree and symbol of our fatherland. The national government

2555-496: The Colombian army during independence. During the 19th and 20th centuries, immigrants (including Jews) arrived from Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Portugal, Lebanon, Israel, Palestina and Syria. Many people from Antioquia are referred to as Paisas , people of mainly Spanish ancestry, a lot of them Basque. There is a small Afro-Colombian and Zambo-Colombian (people of Indigenous and African descent) population originating in

2628-537: The Immaculate Conception of Christ. It is believed that the significance of the puma stems from the arrival of ethnically Spanish colonialists from Antioquia in the region during the 1850s. The colonialist's Catholic traditions of using candlelight to celebrate the Immaculate Conception was combined with belief of the local Quimbaya tribe in the effect that fire (luces de fogota) had in protecting against panther attacks as pumas and other local fauna are believed to fear fire. Thus, in an instance of religious syncretism ,

2701-496: The Pijao tribes. The native population was gradually reduced due to slavery, armed confrontations, and massacres during the Rubber boom , causing the territory to remain mostly uninhabited over the following centuries. At the present time, only a small population of nearly 2000 Amerindians remains in an indigenous reservation near La Tebaida . The first settlement to be founded in the area

2774-581: The Quimbaya Treasure include poporos and other ceremonial vessels, containers, figures, crowns, pendants, necklace beads and pins, bells, musical instruments, nose and ear ornaments. A large part of the original collection was purchased from grave looters in 1891 by then President of the Republic, Carlos Holguín as a gift to Queen Governor of Spain, María Cristina de Habsburgo . These 122 artifacts, mainly gold and funeral, were eventually placed on display at

2847-533: The Quimbaya artifacts, a handful of the stylised animal figures have been misidentified through a lens of pareidolia as ancient portrayals of aircraft. This collection of artifacts are colloquially referred to under the broad term "Quimbaya Artifacts" or more misleadingly as the Tolima 'Jets', the latter name stemming from the 2009 television program Ancient Aliens . The collection included gold-works resembling local Quimbaya animals such as fish, frogs and reptiles, where

2920-511: The Spanish, and some committed suicide to escape being enslaved or subjected to forced labor. Many survivors fled to the modern department of Chocó . In Antioquia, the natives disappeared almost completely. At present, the autochthon population of the department of Antioquia scarcely reaches 0.5% of the total population, even though the vast majority of locals have a significant indigenous genetic component (26% in average). A debate, centered around

2993-506: The apparently significant Jewish origin of Antioquians, took place from mid-nineteenth century to the twentieth century. Others, later pointed to Basque origins as a way to understand the population's idiosyncrasies. Prominent among these, were two American historians: Everett Hagen and Leonard Kasdan. Hagen looked at the telephone directory in Medellin in 1957 and found that 15% of the surnames were of Basque origin, finding then that employers in

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3066-399: The area around the future site of Darién in 1500. Ten years later, Alonso de Ojeda founded San Sebastián de Urabá , 2 km from the present-day town of Necoclí . It was later destroyed by the natives. The first Spanish military incursion into Antioquia, however, was not made until 1537. An expedition commanded by Francisco César traveled through the lands of chief Dabeiba, arriving at

3139-1490: The area, such as the páramo , and the cloud forest , are decreasing progressively due to agricultural activities. As a result, many of the endemic species are threatened, endangered or critically endangered. Some of them are: [REDACTED]   Amazonas [REDACTED]   Antioquia [REDACTED]   Arauca [REDACTED]   Atlántico [REDACTED]   Bolívar [REDACTED]   Boyacá [REDACTED]   Caldas [REDACTED]   Caquetá [REDACTED]   Casanare [REDACTED]   Cauca [REDACTED]   Cesar [REDACTED]   Chocó [REDACTED]   Córdoba [REDACTED]   Cundinamarca [REDACTED]   Guainía [REDACTED]   Guaviare [REDACTED]   Huila [REDACTED]   La Guajira [REDACTED]   Magdalena [REDACTED]   Meta [REDACTED]   Nariño [REDACTED]   N. Santander [REDACTED]   Putumayo [REDACTED]   Quindío [REDACTED]   Risaralda [REDACTED]   San Andrés [REDACTED]   Santander [REDACTED]   Sucre [REDACTED]   Tolima [REDACTED]   Valle del Cauca [REDACTED]   Vaupés [REDACTED]   Vichada Capital district: [REDACTED]   Bogotá Antioquia Department Antioquia ( Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtjokja] )

3212-543: The attractiveness, brightness and durability of its magnificent pieces creating a spectacular vivacity. One of them, very popular, is the famous poporos . This goldsmithing is one of the most important in America given the exquisite beauty of the pieces expressed by very well developed metallurgical methods. Another of the mysteries of the Quimbaya Culture are the Quimbaya artifacts, formerly called " Pájaros del Otún ", since

3285-625: The capital of the Department of Antioquia, is the winner of the City of the Year competition, a global program developed in partnership with the Urban Land Institute to recognize the most innovative urban centers. Medellín was ranked above the other finalists, Tel Aviv and New York City . Antioquia is divided into nine subregions to facilitate the Department's administration. These nine regions contain

3358-549: The celebration of Holy Week processions , especially that of Palm Sunday . Quindío's economy is based mainly in the harvest of coffee . It is one of the most important producers of Colombian coffee . The department belongs to the Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis which is the center of production and export of the highest quality coffee in Colombia. Plantain , cassava , Salentune potato and sugarcane are also cultivated, mostly for sale in local markets. Some of

3431-508: The colonization of new land. Much of this trade was due to reforms passed after a 1785 visit from Juan Antonio Mon y Velarde , an inspector of the Spanish Crown. The Antioquia became colonizers and traders. The department was hard hit by the Colombian conflict , with 30,000 people missing between 1997 and 2005. The Wall Street Journal and Citi announced in the year 2013 that Medellín ,

3504-557: The country: Bogotá , Medellín and Cali . Quindío is the second-smallest Colombian department (0.2% of the national territory) with 12 municipalities. Ethnographically and culturally, it belongs to the Paisa region . Before the Spanish invasion the entire area was inhabited by the peoples of the Quimbaya civilization until the 10th century B.C. At the time of Spanish conquest the area was inhabited by indigenous people of Carib descent known as

3577-477: The east; and the departments of Caldas and Risaralda to the south. Medellín is Antioquia's capital city, and the second-largest city in the country. Other important towns are Santa Fe de Antioquia , the old capital located on the Cauca River , and Puerto Berrío on the Magdalena . Antioquia is the sixth-largest Department of Colombia . It is predominantly mountainous, crossed by the Cordillera Central and

3650-493: The fabrication of entirely new fake artifacts that were created in the modern era to resemble those of the past. Partially-faked artifacts are a major concern where heavy restoration makes it difficult to identify fakes. Many genuine artifacts are recovered in a poor state of preservation or have missing elements indicating low intrinsic market value. Restoration and additions can bring old pieces back to life and enable them to command higher prices. Guaquéros (also huaqueoro )

3723-638: The former was found near the banks of the Otún River in the province of Risaralda. Engravings and petroglyphs of the Quimbayas can be found in the Natural Park of Las Piedras Marcadas, also known as La Marcada. They are located in the path Alto del Toro in the municipality of Dosquebradas Risaralda (Colombia). They are granitic stones of great hardness and onto their surface is carved spirals, stars, constellations, planets and other symbols. Neither their age or meaning

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3796-419: The high probability of many artifacts being well-crafted copies, or entirely new pieces redistributed to museums and private collections under the guise of scientific authenticity. This has also led to some stereotyping of artifact evidence. Critical observations have been made that the term "Quimbaya" has become disassociated from unique cultural elements through intensive artifact trading history, becoming almost

3869-473: The large importance of textile production within the culture so much so it is buried alongside individuals within funerary customs. Significant regional artifact types exist from across comparable pre-Columbian cultures. These demonstrate significant artisan diversity in typology of mediums and materials. The Quimbaya goldsmiths, pottery and ceramic craftspeople were contemporary to rich and distinctive artisan traditions present in neighbouring cultures including

3942-436: The manufacture of oil for lighting, and in creating textiles, although given the poor geological conditions necessary for their preservation, few examples of textiles have survived. The manufacture of cotton blankets was, in fact, their main industry. As merchants, they exchanged their pieces of metalwork, blankets, textiles and gold, with towns in neighboring regions and beyond. They also produced and traded salt, extracted from

4015-823: The most common figures being birds, insects, fish and bats. Measuring approximately 5 to 7.5 cm in length, there are over 100 of these relics on display in the Museo del Oro ('Gold Museum') in Bogotá, Colombia. Artifacts include necklace beads, stylised figure pendants, nose and ear and other personal body ornaments. Other larger ornaments were used for household and decorative tomb and funeral elements which have been identified as key elements of Quimbaya cultural traditions. A range of other important cultural objects including bowls, jars, bottles and other vessels, musical instruments and bells, have been retrieved from archaeological excavations, as well as helmets and other objects of warfare. In addition to ceremonial figurines and containers,

4088-488: The next life, including food and weapons to make it easier. In the tombs they also buried most of the pre-Columbian gold objects, personal elements of the dead and some other sacred elements. They believed that all bodies would be resurrected. The Quimbaya are famed for their luxurious goldsmith work. They developed metallurgy systems to combine copper with gold that was not abundant in their region. This combination of gold and copper, called " tumbaga ", would not detract from

4161-475: The old Department of Antioquia was partitioned into two, giving rise to the new Department of Caldas , which at the time included the modern department of Risaralda . In 1908 Quindio territory, then in jurisdiction of the Cauca Department , was annexed to Caldas department. Also, see list of governors of Quindío Department . In order of population: Most of its surface is occupied for the western face of

4234-408: The percentage of surnames was up to 25%, which led him to conclude that Basque settlers were very important in explaining the increased industrial development of Antioquia in the Colombian context. These ideas were supported by representatives of developmental theories, who sought to justify business growth based on "the character of social groups." The use of Basque language (Euskera) terminology in

4307-593: The present territory of Colombia goes back to the early exploration in 1499, during the third voyage of Columbus , it is said that from that time the territory experienced a strong presence of Basques , including prominent figures such as the pilot and geographer Juan de la Cosa , nicknamed "el vizcaino" . (Some sources claim that he was not a native of the Basque Country , but was born in Santoña , Cantabria). More Basque colonists reached this area and began to settled in

4380-495: The pronunciation of the letter 's' as an apico-alveolar, like Basques. Andalusians and Canarians influenced seseo in the Spanish dialect. The reason behind the chosen name for the department is not historically clear. The most accepted explanation is that the name for the, then Greek - Syrian (now Turkish ), Hellenistic city of Antioch on the Orontes ( Greek : Ἀντιόχεια Antiocheia , Arabic : Antākiyyah , today Antakya )

4453-428: The range of artistically stylised figure representations of birds, fish, mammals and reptiles of the region. Gold-work features in poporos and cinerary urns in the shape of high ranking social figures A large amount of the Quimbaya Treasure consists of gold-work decorative personal items such as golden nose rings, necklaces, ear spacers, bracelets and pendants. These items are indicative of the collection’s origins, being

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4526-473: The region include the Catía, Nutabe, and Tahamíe , who all inhabited the central region of Antioquia. The Quimbaya occupied southern Antioquia. The historic Quimbaya, Carib and Muisca tribes were the most prominent groups encountered by the conquistadors upon their arrival in Antioquia. The Quimbaya had a lot to do with the development of the department. The Spaniards had a turbulent history of encounters with

4599-407: The region. The Colombian department of Antioquia has been considered a major route of the Basque immigration, mainly during the colonial era. Hundreds of Basques migrated as settlers sponsored by the Spanish colonization companies. People who were interested in investigating the presence of the Basque people in the department of Antioquia and Colombia have been troubled by the question that relates to

4672-431: The region.(the Quimbayan christmas panther is blue with yellow tail). Quindío is the natural habitat of 520 species of birds and about 60 species of mammals. Many of them are endemisms . The area has the largest number of Heliconia species in the world and a large numbers of species of orchids , mainly of the genera Cattleya , Odontoglossum , Miltonia , Phragmipedium and Peristeria . The natural forests typical of

4745-499: The retrieved items are part of funeral offerings, which were found inside sarcophagi made of hollow trunks. As a sacred metal, gold pieces represented the passport for the afterlife . Around the 10th century the Quimbaya culture disappeared entirely due to unknown circumstances. Studies of the archeological items point to an advanced cultural development and the political structure of a cacicazgo , with distinct groups dedicated to pottery, religion, trade, gold work and war. Living in

4818-436: The rivers though a technique involving boiling river water using fire and lava. They paid much attention to their funeral practices, and the constructions of Quimbaya tombs bear witness to this affirmation since, in truth, they elaborated an enormous variety of different tombs according to the specifications of each funeral, in which the offerings that would accompany were always included. The deceased carried these on his way to

4891-499: The so called "jets" could be recognised as a form of bird or fish statue. A major reason for the spread of misinformation was due to the Ancient Aliens segment setting out to "prove" the artifacts were rooted in representations of ancient aircraft. The program does many things to further misinformation such as not only labelling the objects as Tolima "jets" but also creating superficial external recreations on remote controlled planes as

4964-480: The temperate tropical climate of the modern Colombian "coffee belt", the Quimbaya people were able to cultivate a wide variety of food products, including corn, cassava, avocados and guava. Hunting provided them with rabbit and deer meat, but remains have also been found of opossums, tapirs, armadillos, foxes and peccaries, among other animals. The Quimbaya people mined and worked gold, and developed advanced metallurgy techniques. Quimbaya technical skill also extended to

5037-494: The typical food and drinks are: Quindío department is the main exponent of traditional Cultura Cafetera ( coffee culture ) in the country. There are several events all around the year that attracts a large number of visitors to this region. With the purpose of preserving this cultural expression, the regional government promotes the declaration of Patrimony of Humanity by the UNESCO. Among other events: The Quimbayan Christmas Panther

5110-438: The use and retention of the Basque language in their current territories. It is estimated, for example, for smaller Antioquia, a region where hundreds of Spaniards arrived, of which a good portion were Basque, some limited aspects of the culture and traditions were brought by Basque settlers, though without any mention of their particular language, thus tracking the use of Basque in the current Antioquia and Colombia. However, this

5183-416: Was Salento in 1842. In the 19th century northern peasants from Antioquia set out to settle in the area and their goal was to stay there permanently in a process known as Colonización antioqueña ( Antioquian Colonisation ). Due to the inaccessibility of the territory and the lack of roads, trade and communications were made through mule caravans ( arriería ) or by porters such as the silleros . In 1905,

5256-512: Was primarily populated by the Carib people . Some scattered groups of Muisca were said to be present in the Darién region (in modern-day Panama ), a coastal region in the far north of Antioquia. But, no historical records refer to Muisca in Antioquia. The Carib occupying territory in Antioquia were known by classifications of smaller groups, called families . Some of the most prominent native families in

5329-474: Was used since the region known as the Coffee Zone in Colombia, in which many towns and cities are named after cities in the Middle East, has a very strong Judeo - Arabic influence, both demographically and culturally. Additionally, the city in mention played a significant role in the development of early Christian communities thus religiously important for Roman Catholic Spaniard conquerors. Others state that it

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