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31-530: Queen Mary Reservoir is located south of Ashford and east of Laleham. It lies south of the A308 and at its closest point 0.25 miles (0.40 km) northwest of the M3 motorway . Heathrow airport is 3.7 miles north of the reservoir. The reservoir was formerly designated as being in the county of Middlesex . In 1965 Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames Urban Districts were transferred to the county of Surrey. The Borough of Spelthorne

62-606: A 2001 population of 1,525,000. The sub-region was replaced in 2008 with a new structure which amalgamated inner and outer boroughs together. This was altered in 2011 when a new Central London sub-region was created, now including the City of London and excluding Wandsworth. The 1901 Census defined Central London as the City of London and the metropolitan boroughs (subdivisions that existed from 1900 to 1965) of Bermondsey , Bethnal Green , Finsbury , Holborn , Shoreditch , Southwark , Stepney , St Marylebone and Westminster . During

93-536: A high-density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities. Road distances to London are traditionally measured from a central point at Charing Cross (in the City of Westminster ), which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand , Whitehall and Cockspur Street , just south of Trafalgar Square . The central area

124-642: A pumping station (51°24'56.0"N 0°28'36.9"W) at the western embankment of the reservoir. The pumping station lifts water into the reservoir. An outlet tower is located adjacent to the north-east embankment (51°25'17.4"N 0°26'57.1"W). Water is discharged into the Staines Reservoirs Aqueduct which runs round the north of the reservoir to the Kempton Park and Hampton water treatment works. The water quality changes which took place during reservoir storage are as follows. The Metropolitan Water Board operated

155-467: Is 12 m above the surrounding land. The key engineering parameters are: The reservoir has a 1 km central gravel/earth embankment breakwater running north–south and designed to reduce wave action. Water is abstracted from the River Thames downstream of Penton Hook Weir at up to 200,000,000 imp gal (910,000,000 L; 240,000,000 US gal) and flows via the 1.26 km Laleham Aqueduct to

186-557: Is a road in England in two parts. The first part runs from Central London to Putney Bridge . The second part runs from just beyond Putney Heath to Bisham , Berkshire. It traces four, roughly straight lines, to stay no more than 3 miles (4.8 km) from the Thames . It is a dual carriageway where it is furthest from that river, in Spelthorne , Surrey and forms one of the motorway spurs to

217-556: Is called Hampton Court Road, briefly Thames Street and then Upper Sunbury Road. It occupies a space carved out of the Royal Estate for it between Bushy Park and Hampton Court Park , and passes Hampton Court Palace including the roundabout opposite the Palace Gates, before continuing west through broad Hampton , passing its prominent parish church and waterworks to exit Greater London . The largely straight road from Hampton Court

248-748: Is distinguished, according to the Royal Commission , by the inclusion within its boundaries of Parliament and the Royal Palaces, the headquarters of Government, the Law Courts , the head offices of a very large number of commercial and industrial firms, as well as institutions of great influence in the intellectual life of the nation such as the British Museum , the National Gallery , the Tate Gallery ,

279-520: Is named Kingston Vale then Kingston Hill until it falls past Kingston Hospital to becomes London Road. Immediately after snaking through central Kingston upon Thames as part of the one-way system, the road passes through a tunnel underneath the John Lewis Kingston department store, before crossing the River Thames at Kingston Bridge where it has another roundabout. The A308 in this borough

310-731: The Herbert Commission and the subsequent passage of the London Government Bill , three unsuccessful attempts were made to define an area that would form a central London borough . The first two were detailed in the 1959 Memorandum of Evidence of the Greater London Group of the London School of Economics . "Scheme A" envisaged a central London borough, one of 25, consisting of the City of London, Westminster, Holborn, Finsbury and

341-697: The M3 /the A316 at the Sunbury Cross area also within Sunbury on Thames. On this line, it passes the Sunbury Common part of that town and the south side of the slightly larger town of Ashford , as Staines Road West and a dual carriageway , passing the Queen Mary Reservoir to form the by-pass to the large town of Staines-upon-Thames , after which it goes back to single carriageway to turn briefly south-west to take

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372-561: The M4 (the original location of Junction 8), where the road is called Windsor Road and Braywick Road, and wending through Maidenhead , passing its Victorian clock tower , the A308 continues under the names of Gringer Hill, Furze Platt Road and Marlow Road, before terminating at the A404 road in the sports-focussed civil parish of Bisham which has its riverside and Abbey ruins 200m north-west. Facing this on

403-571: The University of London , the headquarters of the national ballet and opera, together with the headquarters of many national associations, the great professions, the trade unions, the trade associations, social service societies, as well as shopping centres and centres of entertainment which attract people from the whole of Greater London and farther afield. In many other respects the central area differs from areas farther out in London. The rateable value of

434-465: The A308 forms the main road of the town of Old Windsor , where it is called Straight Road. It then goes on past the north end of Windsor Great Park , where it is called Albert Road, and through the west side of central Windsor . In Windsor, the A308 is called Osborne Road, Goslar Way and Maidenhead Road which finally re-adopts the normal third part-orientation of WNW. Finally, after sweeping round to its fourth major direction, NNW through Bray under

465-500: The City of London, most of Westminster and the inner parts of Camden, Islington, Hackney, Tower Hamlets, Southwark, Lambeth, Kensington & Chelsea and Wandsworth. It is described as "a unique cluster of vitally important activities including central government offices, headquarters and embassies, the largest concentration of London's financial and business services sector and the offices of trade, professional bodies, institutions, associations, communications, publishing, advertising and

496-470: The City of London, the whole of Finsbury and Holborn, most of Westminster and Southwark, parts of St Pancras, St Marylebone, Paddington and a small part of Kensington. The area had an estimated population of 400,000 and occupied 8,000 acres (32 km ). During the passage of the London Government Bill an amendment was put forward to create a central borough corresponding to the definition used at

527-531: The Laleham Aqueduct, returning water to the Thames.   The reservoir and the land to the west are designated Sites of Nature Conservation Importance, covering some 360 ha and noted for their varied bird life. The Queen Mary Sailing Club is a members sailing club on the reservoir. It owns a subsidiary company Queen Mary Sailsports, bringing all training operations "in house". A308 road The A308

558-580: The borough, the road becomes New Kings Road, before it ends at the A219 road ( Fulham Palace Road), 100m north of Putney Bridge . The hiatus in the road which is Putney and Putney Heath is a subsumation into the A219 road and then into the A3 . The bulk of the road starts, after. It runs from Kingston Vale's Robin Hood Gate roundabout. The entrance to Richmond Park here was closed to motor vehicles in 2003. The road

589-415: The bottom to identify high points where aggregates could be removed. Planning approval was given to remove 1.25 million tonnes of aggregate and two-thirds of the breakwater. This increased the reservoir capacity by 1.26 percent. A jetty and aggregate processing facility was constructed on the west side of the reservoir just north of the intake. The emergency drawdown rate (the rate at which the water level in

620-545: The central area is exceptionally high. Its day population is very much larger than its night population. Its traffic problems reach an intensity not encountered anywhere else in the Metropolis or in any provincial city, and the enormous office developments which have taken place recently constitute a totally new phenomenon. Starting in 2004, the London Plan defined a 'Central Activities Zone' policy area, which as of 2008 comprised

651-632: The high street roads network, rather than a straight continuation, which becomes the A30 , then ends this street as Clarence Street, crosses the Thames (for a second time) at Staines Bridge , and resumes its main third-part orientation. It crosses the M25 motorway , that has a large cross-river junction at Junction 13, north of Egham . The road turns north-west, as Windsor Road, in the middle of Runnymede 's meadows, with its National Trust buildings and memorials, before leaving Surrey and entering Berkshire. In Berkshire,

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682-503: The inner parts of St Marylebone, St Pancras, Chelsea, Southwark and Lambeth. The boundary deviated from existing lines to include all central London railway stations , the Tower of London and the museums, such that it included small parts of Kensington, Shoreditch, Stepney and Bermondsey. It had an estimated population of 350,000 and occupied 7,000 acres (28 km ). "Scheme B" delineated central London, as one of 7 boroughs, including most of

713-599: The large town of Maidenhead . Other key settlements served are Fulham , Kingston (London) , Staines upon Thames , Windsor and a minor approach to Marlow The South Kensington to Fulham section starts at the A4 road opposite Brompton Oratory and follows Fulham Road south-west past Chelsea and Westminster Hospital , where it jumps south a block to takeover the Kings Road . Through broad Fulham which traditionally, as bolstered by its associated London postcode, covers half of

744-480: The media". For strategic planning, since 2011 there has been a Central London sub-region comprising the boroughs of Camden , Islington , Kensington and Chelsea , Lambeth , Southwark , Westminster and the City of London . From 2004 to 2008, the London Plan included a sub-region called Central London comprising Camden, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth and Westminster. It had

775-506: The reservoir can be reduced) was about 0.25 metres/day. Inspections in 2005-07 identified that this was inadequate, and proposed that the drawdown should be 0.75 m/d as defined in the provisions of the Reservoirs Act 1975 . This was achieved by installing twin 1.6 m diameter siphon pipes over the embankment. The valves controlling the outflow are 13 m high and have a flow capacity of 13 m/s. The discharge pipes are 250 m long and discharge into

806-673: The reservoir until the Board was abolished in 1974 under the provisions of the Water Act 1973 (c. 37) ownership and control transferred to the Thames Water Authority . Under the provisions of the Water Act 1989 (c. 15) the Thames Water Authority was privatised as Thames Water . Sand and gravel were formerly dredged from the reservoir, making the bottom uneven and affecting water circulation. In 2008 Thames Water digitally modelled

837-572: The reservoir was designed by John Watson Gibson for the Metropolitan Water Board . It was formally opened by King George V in June 1925 as the Queen Mary Reservoir , renamed for the Queen Consort, Mary of Teck ; a plaque commemorates the event. It was the largest reservoir in the world at that time. In 1943, during World War II, the reservoir was used for testing submersibles. The submersible

868-463: The river is the larger, equally well-preserved and green town of Marlow . Central London Central London is the innermost part of London , in England , spanning the City of London and several boroughs . Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteristics are understood to include

899-636: Was formed in 1974 incorporating Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames Urban Districts. The reservoir is now designated as part of the county of Surrey. Construction of the Littleton Reservoir was authorised under the provisions of the Metropolitan Water Board (Various Powers) Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5, c.cxv). It was designed by the Board’s Chief Engineer Henry Stilgoe (1867-1943) and was completed in December 1924. Some sources state that

930-452: Was nicknamed " Sleeping Beauty ". In 2010 Prince Philip visited the reservoir to unveil a modern replica of the submersibles tested here. The model is on display at the Eden Camp museum near Malton , North Yorkshire . The reservoir embankment has a puddle clay core extending down into the underlying London Clay and gravel/earth shoulders at a slope of 1 in 3. The top of the embankment

961-457: Was surfaced and tolled in the 1780s by the Hampton and Staines Turnpike Trust. In the west its buildings were set back with gardens and therefore it was widened in Spelthorne in the 1920s. As Staines Road East, the A308 winds past Kempton Park Racecourse , Sunbury-on-Thames and adopts instead of south-west followed after Kingston by west, the direction WNW , allowing it to meet Junction 1 of

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