72-573: The Quadricentennial Pavilion (originally UST Sports Complex ) is a 5,792-seat multi-purpose gymnasium of the University of Santo Tomas (UST) located at the site of the former old Engineering Complex and adjacent football field in front of the Roque Ruaño Building. The Quadricentennial Pavilion is one of the building construction projects of the university for its celebration of 400th year of foundation in 2011. The new sports complex replaced
144-451: A 24-hour period, meaning that this wood does not "absorb" heat and therefore only emits the heat embedded in it. Moreover, white wood not only possesses a lower thermal conductivity than natural wood, and it has better thermal performance than most commercially available insulating materials . The modification of the mesoporous structure of the wood is responsible for the changes in wood performance. White wood can also be put through
216-473: A German immigrant, established the first gymnasium in the United States. It was found that gym pupils lose interest in doing the same exercises, partly because of age. Variety in exercises included skating, dancing, and swimming. Some gym activities can be done by 6 to 8-year-olds, while age 16 has been considered mature enough for boxing and horseback riding. In Ancient Greece , the gymnasion (γυμνάσιον)
288-558: A binding process with adhesives. Wood structural panels are a collection of flat panel products, used extensively in building construction for sheathing, decking, cabinetry and millwork, and furniture. Examples include plywood and oriented strand board (OSB). Non-structural wood-based panels are flat-panel products, used in non-structural construction applications and furniture. Non-structural panels are usually covered with paint, wood veneer, or resin paper in their final form. Examples include fiberboard and particle board . Plywood ,
360-484: A building. It is one of the oldest types of mass timber, being used in warehouse construction during the Industrial Revolution . Like DLT, no chemical adhesives are used, and wood fibers are oriented in the same direction. Engineered wood flooring is a type of flooring product, similar to hardwood flooring, made of layers of wood or wood-based composite laminated together. The floor boards are usually milled with
432-416: A chemical process that replaces light-absorbing compounds, such as lignin , with a transparent polymer. New construction is in high demand due to growing worldwide population. However, the main materials used in new construction are currently steel and concrete . The manufacturing of these materials creates comparatively high emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the atmosphere. Engineered wood has
504-435: A combination of delignification and water shock treatment. This is an emerging technology and is not yet used in industrial processes. However, initial tests show promising advantages in improved mechanical properties, with the molded wood exhibiting strength comparable to some metal alloys. Transparent wood composites are new materials, as of 2020 are made at the laboratory scale, that combines transparency and stiffness via
576-411: A compression process, similar to the process mentioned for densified wood, which increases its mechanical performance compared to natural wood (8.7 times higher in tensile strength and 10 times higher in toughness). The thermal and structural advantages of nanowood make it an attractive material for energy-efficient building construction. However, the changes made in the wood's structural properties, like
648-493: A dimensional solid wood joist of a size necessary to do the same task. As of 2004, approximately 81% of all wood light framed floors were framed using I-joists. Mass timber, also known as engineered timber, is a class of large structural wood components for building construction. Mass timber components are made of lumber or veneers bonded with adhesives or mechanical fasteners. Certain types of mass timber, such as nail-laminated timber and glue-laminated timber, have existed for over
720-501: A group of building materials that can replace concrete assemblies. Typically, engineered wood products are made from the same hardwoods and softwoods used to manufacture lumber . Sawmill scraps and other wood waste can be used for engineered wood composed of wood particles or fibers, but whole logs are usually used for veneers, such as plywood , medium-density fibreboard (MDF), or particle board . Some engineered wood products, like oriented strand board (OSB), can use trees from
792-448: A high length-to-thickness ratio. Combined with an adhesive, the strands are oriented and formed into a large mat or billet and pressed. LSL and OSL offer good fastener-holding strength and mechanical-connector performance and are commonly used in a variety of applications, such as beams, headers, studs, rim boards, and millwork components. LSL is manufactured from relatively short strands—typically about 1 foot (0.30 m) long—compared to
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#1732848382038864-559: A hundred years. Mass timber enjoyed increasing popularity from 2012 onward, due to growing concern around the sustainability of building materials, and interest in prefabrication, off site construction, and modularization, for which mass timber is well suited. The various types of mass timber share the advantage of faster construction times as the components are manufactured off-site, and pre-finished to exact dimensions for simple on-site fastening. Mass timber has been shown to have structural properties competitive with steel and concrete, opening
936-415: A large number of nanopores in the cell walls which help reduce temperature change. Delignified wood reflects most incident light and appears white in color. White wood (also known as nanowood ) has high reflection haze, as well as high emissivity in the infrared wavelengths. These two characteristics generate a passive radiative cooling effect, with an average cooling power of 53 W⋅m over
1008-417: A maplewood hardcourt basketball court on the second floor with rows of seats rising up to the fourth level of the building. The topmost section are accessible from the fourth level while the middle section is accessible from the third level. The court is surrounded by a tiger-stripe border with a tiger's head as another design element. The basketball venue is surrounded by orange, red and yellow seats. In total
1080-500: A mechanical hot press to compress wood fibers, sometimes in combination with chemical modification of the wood. These processes have been shown to increase the density by a factor of three. This increase in density is expected to enhance the strength and stiffness of the wood by a proportional amount. Studies published in 2018 combined chemical processes with traditional mechanical hot press methods. These chemical processes break down lignin and hemicellulose that are found naturally in
1152-440: A model code that forms the basis of many North American building codes , adopted new provisions in the 2021 code cycle that permit mass timber to be used in high-rise construction up to 18 stories. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a versatile multi-layered panel made of lumber. Each layer of boards is placed perpendicular to adjacent layers for increased rigidity and strength. It is relatively new and gaining popularity within
1224-643: A monument to "the unique and unparalleled holistic" sports development program of the university. The facility was planned to be the home of the UST varsity players and the Growling Tigers starting academic year of 2012. From at least UAAP Season 85 to UAAP Season 86 , the arena has been mostly used by the Lady Tigresses and occasionally by the Growling Tigers men's basketball team. The Quadricentennial Pavilion
1296-579: A new sporting facility within the campus. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on July 29, 2008, after the Vatican gave its "blessing" to the project as UST is a pontifical university , directly under the supervision of the Holy See . The location of the sports complex lies on the former site of the Engineering Sports Complex that has an open field for softball and football, outdoor basketball courts,
1368-463: A resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. MDF is used in non-structural applications. Particle board is manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, or even sawdust , and a synthetic resin or another suitable binder, which is pressed and extruded. Research published in 2017 showed that durable particle board can be produced from agricultural waste products, such as rice husk or guinea corn husk. Particleboard
1440-625: A result, towns began building playgrounds that furthered interest in sports and physical activity. Early efforts to establish gyms in the United States in the 1820s were documented and promoted by John Neal in the American Journal of Education and The Yankee , helping to establish the American branch of the movement. Later in the century, the Turner movement was founded and continued to thrive into
1512-712: A smaller branch opened in Rangasville in 1852. Ten years later there were some two hundred YMCAs across the country, most of which provided gyms for exercise, games, and social interaction. The 1920s was a decade of prosperity that witnessed the building of large numbers of public high schools with a gymnasium, an idea founded by Nicolas Isaranga. Today, gymnasiums are commonplace in the United States. They are in virtually all U.S. colleges and high schools , as well as almost all middle schools and elementary schools . These facilities are used for physical education , intramural sports , and school gatherings. The number of gyms in
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#17328483820381584-502: A steel sculpture named Campione (Spanish: champion ), designed by Thomasian artist Joe Datuin. The sculptor won in the 2008 Olympic Committee Sports and Arts contest. Gym A gym , short for gymnasium ( pl. : gymnasiums or gymnasia ), is an indoor venue for exercise and sports . The word is derived from the ancient Greek term " gymnasion ". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational institutions. "Gym"
1656-623: A tennis court, a covered basketball court with bleachers, and a canteen. It was originally named as the UST Sports Complex, but the Council of Regents announced on October 18, 2011, that the new building will be called the Quadricentennial Pavilion. Rev. Fr. Rolando V. de la Rosa , the former Rector of the university , described the then yet to be built facility as more than just a place for events and ceremonies as it will serve as
1728-567: A tongue-and-groove profile on the edges for consistent joinery between boards. The lamella is the face layer of the wood that is visible when installed. Typically, it is a sawn piece of timber. The timber can be cut in three different styles: flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and rift-sawn. Techniques have been introduced in the field of engineered wood including transformation of natural wood in laboratories through chemical and/or physical treatments to achieve tailored mechanical, optical, thermal, and conduction properties. Densified wood can be made by using
1800-433: A two-level fitness center on this floor and a gymnastics room. Five lecture rooms for IPEA (Institute of Physical Education and Athletics) is also located on this floor. On the third level, the facility features a two-lane overall track encircling the building. The first floor training facilities and dance hall has a 2,985 square meters (32,130 sq ft) of rubberized flooring. Four-storey sports complex mainly features
1872-506: A wood structural panel, is sometimes called the original engineered wood product. Plywood is manufactured from sheets of cross-laminated veneer and bonded under heat and pressure with durable, moisture-resistant adhesives. By alternating the grain direction of the veneers from layer to layer, or "cross-orienting", panel strength and stiffness in both directions are maximized. Other structural wood panels include oriented strand boards and structural composite panels. Oriented strand board (OSB)
1944-507: Is structural composites . For example, fiber cement siding is made of cement and wood fiber, while cement board is a low-density cement panel, often with added resin, faced with fiberglass mesh . While formaldehyde is an essential ingredient of cellular metabolism in mammals , studies have linked prolonged inhalation of formaldehyde gases to cancer. Engineered wood composites have been found to emit potentially harmful amounts of formaldehyde gas in two ways: unreacted free formaldehyde and
2016-585: Is a class of materials made with layers of veneers, strands, or flakes bonded with adhesives. Unlike wood structural panels, structural composite lumber products generally have all grain fibers oriented in the same direction. The SCL family of engineered wood products are commonly used in the same structural applications as conventional sawn lumber and timber, including rafters, headers, beams, joists, rim boards, studs, and columns. SCL products have higher dimensional stability and increased strength compared to conventional lumber products. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
2088-461: Is a much more effective additive. Phenol forms a water-resistant bond with formaldehyde that will not degrade in moist environments. PF resins have not been found to pose significant health risks due to formaldehyde emissions. While PF is an excellent adhesive, the engineered wood industry has started to shift toward polyurethane binders like pMDI to achieve even greater water resistance, strength, and process efficiency. pMDIs are also used extensively in
2160-422: Is a wood structural panel manufactured from rectangular-shaped strands of wood that are oriented lengthwise and then arranged in layers, laid up into mats, and bonded together with moisture-resistant, heat-cured adhesives. The individual layers can be cross-oriented to provide strength and stiffness to the panel. Similar to plywood, most OSB panels are delivered with more strength in one direction. The wood strands in
2232-511: Is a wood-on-wood timber. The biggest benefit of this method is that no glue or metal is needed, thus eliminating VOCs (such as formaldehyde ) associated with wood adhesives used in most other engineered timbers. Similar to CLT , DLT uses a cross laminated pattern with softwoods , but instead of wood adhesives to fix lumbers in place, holes are drilled vertically or in a 45° angle, and 15-20mm dowels made of dry hardwood or densified wood (such as thermal-compressed ) are placed between
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2304-455: Is also possible to impregnate wood chips to produce molded pressed wood components. Removing lignin from wood has several other applications, apart from providing structural advantages. Delignification alters the mechanical, thermal, optical, fluidic and ionic properties and functions of the natural wood and is an effective approach to regulating its thermal properties, as it removes the thermally conductive lignin component, while generating
2376-473: Is also the commonly used name for a " fitness centre " or health club, which is often an area for indoor recreation. A "gym" may include or describe adjacent open air areas as well. In Western countries, "gyms" often describe places with indoor or outdoor courts for basketball, hockey, tennis, boxing or wrestling, and with equipment and machines used for physical development training, or to do exercises. In many European countries, Gymnasium (and variations of
2448-429: Is cheaper, denser, and more uniform than conventional wood and plywood and is substituted for them when the cost is more important than strength and appearance. A major disadvantage of particleboard is that it is very prone to expansion and discoloration due to moisture, particularly when it is not covered with paint or another sealer. Particle board is used in non-structural applications. Structural composite lumber (SCL)
2520-543: Is produced by bonding thin wood veneers together in a large billet, similar to plywood. The grain of all veneers in the LVL billet is parallel to the long direction (unlike plywood). The resulting product features enhanced mechanical properties and dimensional stability that offer a broader range in product width, depth, and length than conventional lumber. Parallel-strand lumber (PSL) consists of long veneer strands laid in parallel formation and bonded together with an adhesive to form
2592-474: Is typically made out of man-made wood due to its low manufacturing costs and its low weight. There are a wide variety of engineered wood products for both structural and non-structural applications. This list is not comprehensive, and is intended to help categorize and distinguish between different types of engineered wood. Wood-based panels are made from fibres, flakes, particles, veneers, chips, sawdust, slabs, wood powder, strands, or other wood derivate through
2664-615: The Dark Ages there were sword fighting tournaments and of chivalry ; and after gunpowder was invented sword fighting began to be replaced by the sport of fencing , as well as schools of dagger fighting and wrestling and boxing. In the 18th century, Salzmann, a German clergyman, opened a workout area in Thuringia teaching bodily exercises, including running and swimming. Clias and Volker established gyms in London, and in 1825, Doctor Charles Beck ,
2736-438: The poplar family, a common but non-structural species. Alternatively, it is also possible to manufacture similar engineered bamboo from bamboo; and similar engineered cellulosic products from other lignin -containing materials such as rye straw, wheat straw, rice straw, hemp stalks, kenaf stalks, or sugar cane residue , in which case they contain no actual wood but rather vegetable fibers . Flat-pack furniture
2808-561: The 2-to-8-foot-long (0.61–2.44 m) strands used in PSL. The length-to-thickness ratio of strands is about 150 for LSL and 75 for OSL. I-joists are "Ɪ"-shaped structural members designed for use in floor and roof construction. An I-joist consists of top and bottom flanges of various widths united with webs of various depths. The flanges resist common bending stresses, and the web provides shear performance. I-joists are designed to carry heavy loads over long distances while using less lumber than
2880-463: The 4-sided scoreboard of the facility. The second floor holds the offices for IPEA, guidance counselors, and sports science. The institute have a faculty room and other multimedia rooms for students. This floor also hosts two dug-outs and two lounges for coaches. The new gym also serves as a museum that enshrines all the trophies, medals and other memorabilia of various UAAP championships the university has won. Championship banners will also hang from
2952-433: The Quadricentennial Pavilion has a seating capacity of at least 5,792 people. local-distributor Millenium Sports Universal Co., provided retractable rows of 1,562 polyprothylene chairs. Outside the playing court, the flooring is made up of engineered wood by Robbins which was also responsible for the wooden court. Maine-base Hussey supplied the retractable rows and chairs up to the fourth level. S'portable Scoreboards supplied
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3024-592: The U.S. has more than doubled since the late 1980s. Today, fitness gyms and private health clubs are a huge global business. Engineered wood Engineered wood , also called mass timber , composite wood , man-made wood , or manufactured board , includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives , or other methods of fixation to form composite material . The panels vary in size but can range upwards of 64 by 8 feet (19.5 by 2.4 m) and in
3096-553: The baths themselves sometimes being decorated with mosaics of local champions of sport. Gyms in Germany were an outgrowth of the Turnplatz , an outdoor space for gymnastics founded by German educator Friedrich Jahn in 1811 and later promoted by the Turners , a nineteenth-century political and gymnastic movement. The first American to open a public gym in the United States using Jahn's model
3168-601: The biogenic carbon from a wood product can only be included as a negative input (i.e. carbon sequestration) when the wood product originated in a sustainably managed forest. This generally means that wood needs to be FSC or SFI-certified to qualify as carbon sequestering. Engineered wood products are used in a variety of ways, often in applications similar to solid wood products: Advantages by product type: Engineered wood products may be preferred over solid wood in some applications due to certain comparative advantages: Disadvantages by product type: When compared to solid wood
3240-468: The building's façade. This feature was also used to highlight to emphasize the building's exterior. The project manager the facility was Asian Technicon Managers & Consultants, Inc. The dance hall for the Salinggawi Dance Troupe as well as training halls for badminton, fencing, judo, table tennis, and taekwondo are located in the ground floor of the Quadricentennial Pavilion. There is also
3312-585: The case of cross-laminated timber (CLT) can be of any thickness from a few inches to 16 inches (410 mm) or more. These products are engineered to precise design specifications, which are tested to meet national or international standards and provide uniformity and predictability in their structural performance. Engineered wood products are used in a variety of applications, from home construction to commercial buildings to industrial products. The products can be used for joists and beams that replace steel in many building projects. The term mass timber describes
3384-628: The chemical decomposition of resin adhesives. When excessive amounts of formaldehyde are added to a process, the surplus will not have any additive to bond with and may seep from the wood product over time. Cheap urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives are largely responsible for degraded resin emissions. Moisture degrades the weak UF molecules, resulting in potentially harmful formaldehyde emissions. McLube offers release agents and platen sealers designed for those manufacturers who use reduced-formaldehyde UF and melamine-formaldehyde adhesives. Many OSB and plywood manufacturers use phenol-formaldehyde (PF) because phenol
3456-508: The construction industry as it can be used for long spans and all assemblies, e.g. floors, walls, or roofs. Glued laminated timber (glulam) is composed of several layers of dimensional timber glued together with moisture-resistant adhesives, creating a large, strong, structural member that can be used as vertical columns or horizontal beams. Glulam can also be produced in curved shapes, offering extensive design flexibility. Dowel laminated timber (DLT), sometimes referred to as Brettstapel ,
3528-444: The door for applications of densified wood in situations where regular strength wood would fail. Environmentally, wood requires significantly less carbon dioxide to produce than steel. Synthetic resin densified wood is resin-impregnated densified wood, also known as compreg . Usually phenolic resin is used as impregnation resin to impregnate and laminate plywood layers. Sometimes layers are not impregnated before lamination. It
3600-589: The early twentieth century. The first Turners group was formed in London in 1848. The Turners built gymnasiums in several cities like Cincinnati and St. Louis , which had large German American populations. These gyms were utilized by adults and youth. For example, a young Lou Gehrig would frequent the Turner gym in New York City with his father. The Boston Young Men's Christian Union claims to be "America's First Gym". The YMCA first organized in Boston in 1851 and
3672-400: The end of its lifecycle absorbs around 582 kg of CO 2 /m , while reinforced concrete emits 458 kg CO 2 /m and steel 12.087 kg CO 2 /m . There is not a strong consensus for measuring the carbon sequestration potential of wood. In life-cycle assessment, sequestered carbon is sometimes called biogenic carbon. ISO 21930, a standard that governs life cycle assessment, requires
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#17328483820383744-468: The finished structural section. The length-to-thickness ratio of strands in PSL is about 300. A strong, consistent material, it has a high load-carrying ability and is resistant to seasoning stresses so it is well suited for use as beams and columns for post and beam construction, and for beams, headers, and lintels for light framing construction. Laminated strand lumber (LSL) and oriented strand lumber (OSL) are manufactured from flaked wood strands that have
3816-457: The following disadvantages are prevalent: Plywood and OSB typically have a density of 560–640 kg/m (35–40 lb/cu ft). For example, 9.5 mm ( 3 ⁄ 8 in) plywood sheathing or OSB sheathing typically has a surface density of 4.9–5.9 kg/m (1–1.2 lb/sq ft). Many other engineered woods have densities much higher than OSB. The types of adhesives used in engineered wood include: A more inclusive term
3888-545: The increase in structural porosity and the partially isolated cellulose nanofibrils, damage the material's mechanical robustness. To deal with this issue, several strategies have been proposed, with one being to further densify the structure, and another to use cross-linking . Other suggestions include hybridizing natural wood with other organic particles and polymers to enhance its thermal insulation performance. Using similar chemical modification techniques to chemically densified wood, wood can be made extremely moldable using
3960-477: The lavatories and restrooms are automated and the entire vicinity is controlled by a centralized air-conditioning system. A closed circuit television (CCTV) system is also installed in selected areas within the sports venue for security. The CCTV network is controlled from the Information Technology Data room which is located in the second floor of the facility. The main lobby of the facility features
4032-505: The lumbers. As the hardwood dowel absorbs moisture from the softwood to reach an equilibrium moisture content, it expands into the surrounding wood, creating a connection and 'locking' them together through friction. The dowels can be dried (such as through a kiln ) prior to fitting, to maximize their expansion. Nail laminated timber (NLT) is a mass timber product that consists of parallel boards fastened with nails. It can be used to create floors, roofs, walls, and elevator shafts within
4104-403: The old UST Gymnasium which was built in 1933 and demolished in 2011. Since 1933, the university only had the old UST Gymnasium, which was considered then as the biggest gymnasium during its time, as venue to hold practices for its athletes, as well as to hold non-sporting events. In recent years, the student population increased to 40,000, prompting university officials to recognize the need for
4176-702: The outermost layer on each side of the board are normally aligned into the strongest direction of the board. Arrows on the product will often identify the strongest direction of the board (the height, or longest dimension, in most cases). Produced in huge, continuous mats, OSB is a solid panel product of consistent quality with no laps, gaps, or voids. OSB is delivered in various dimensions, strengths, and levels of water resistance. OSB and plywood are often used interchangeably in building construction. Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) and high-density fibreboard ( hardboard or HDF) are made by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibers, combining them with wax and
4248-475: The possibility to build large, tall buildings out of wood. Extensive testing has demonstrated the natural fire resistance properties of mass timber – primarily due the creation of a char layer around a column or beam which prevents fire from reaching the inner layers of wood. In recognition of the proven structural and fire performance of mass timber, the International Building Code ,
4320-406: The potential to reduce carbon emissions if it replaces steel and/or concrete in the construction of buildings. In 2014, steel and cement production accounted for about 1320 megatonnnes (Mt) CO 2 and 1740 Mt CO 2 respectively, which made up about 9% of global CO 2 emissions that year. In a study that did not take the carbon sequestration potential of engineered wood into account, it
4392-492: The production of rigid polyurethane foams and insulators for refrigeration. pMDIs outperform other resin adhesives, but they are notoriously difficult to release and cause buildup on tooling surfaces. Some engineered wood products, such as DLT, NLT, and some brands of CLT, can be assembled without the use of adhesives using mechanical fasteners or joinery. These can range from profiled interlocking jointed boards, proprietary metal fixings, nails or timber dowels. Throughout
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#17328483820384464-488: The rafters of the gymnasium. On the third level, the facility's windows holds posters and memorabilia displaying sporting events and selected Thomasian athletes. On one side facing the Roque Ruano Building are retail spaces for banks and restaurants. The facility is also capable of hosting non-athletic events such as concerts, graduation ceremonies, conferences, and the university mass. Its toilets and faucets inside
4536-406: The sports facility is 65.98 by 76 square meters (710.2 sq ft × 818.1 sq ft) and stands on a 11,784.33-square-meter (126,845.5 sq ft) lot. A double wall design, by devising two walls separated by a space, was employed for the interior walls of the structure for noise insulation. To minimize solar exposure to the sports venue's interior, louvers were utilized as part of
4608-425: The weather is safe. Gyms were popular in ancient Greece. Their curricula included self-defense, gymnastics medica, or physical therapy to help the sick and injured, and for physical fitness and sports, from boxing to dancing to skipping rope. Gymnasiums also had teachers of wisdom and philosophy. Community gymnastic events were done as part of the celebrations during various village festivals. In ancient Greece there
4680-471: The wood. Following dissolution, the cellulose strands that remain are mechanically hot compressed. Compared to the three-fold increase in strength observed from hot pressing alone, chemically processed wood has been shown to yield an 11-fold improvement. This extra strength comes from hydrogen bonds formed between the aligned cellulose nanofibers. The densified wood possessed mechanical strength properties on par with steel used in building construction, opening
4752-424: The word) also can describe a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university , with or without the presence of athletic courts, fields, or equipment. In Gymnasiums, apparatus such as barbells, bumper plates, kettlebells, dumbbells, resistance bands, jumping boards, running paths, tennis balls, cricket fields, and fencing areas are used for exercises. Outdoor settings are healthiest when
4824-608: Was John Neal of Portland, Maine in 1827. The first indoor gymnasium in Germany was probably the one built in Hesse in 1852 by Adolph Spiess. Through worldwide colonization, Great Britain expanded its national interest in sports and games to many countries. In the 1800s, programs were added to schools and college curricula that emphasized health, strength, and bodily measure. Sports drawn from European and British cultures thrived as college students and upper-class clubs financed competition. As
4896-506: Was a locality for both physical and intellectual education of young men. The latter meaning of intellectual education persisted in Greek , German and other languages to denote a certain type of school providing secondary education , the gymnasium , whereas in English the meaning of physical education pertained to the word 'gym'. The Greek word gymnasion , which means "school for naked exercise,"
4968-456: Was a phrase of contempt, "He can neither swim nor write." After a while, however, Olympic athletes began training in buildings specifically designed for them. Community sports never became as popular among ancient Romans as it had among the ancient Greeks . Gyms were used more as a preparation for military service or spectator sports. During the Roman Empire , the gymnastic art was forgotten. In
5040-630: Was designed by chief architect Carmelo Casas, who also designed the UST Carpark Building. The first architectural plan for the facility was made in 2007. For three years before the groundbreaking of the facility in July 2008, Millenium Sports Universal Co. coordinated with Casas in the planning and design stage where they were tasked to create a sporting facility of at least 5,000 seating capacity. The structure has four storeys with its first floor being elevated to address potential flooding. The dimensions of
5112-410: Was found that roughly 50 Mt CO 2 e (carbon dioxide equivalent ) could be eliminated by 2050 with the full uptake of a hybrid construction system utilizing engineered wood and steel. When considering the added effects that carbon sequestration can have over the lifetime of the material, the emissions reductions of engineered wood is even more substantial, as laminated wood that is not incinerated at
5184-648: Was used to designate a locality for the education of young men, including physical education ( gymnastics , for example, exercise) which was customarily performed naked, as well as bathing , and studies. For the Greeks, physical education was considered as important as cognitive learning. Most Greek gymnasia had libraries for use after relaxing in the baths. The first recorded gymnasiums date back to over 3000 years ago in ancient Persia , where they were known as zurkhaneh , areas that encouraged physical fitness. The larger Roman Baths often had attached fitness facilities,
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