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22-400: The ethnicity's population is reported to be 172,000, according to the 1994 national census; the latest available national census, the one performed in 2007, does not list them as a separate group. However, only 1,625 people still speak Qimant , and it is considered endangered, as most children speak Amharic ; likewise, adherence to the traditional religion has dropped substantially, as most of

44-540: A fine. Each womber also chose two stewards with different titles, one from each moiety, who served different elements of the sacred meals. There are two orders of priesthood: the kamazana , the higher, of the Kïbbïr moiety , and the abayegariya , the lower, of the Yetanti moiety. Each Qemant locality has at least one of each; they must work together to conduct the traditional sacrifices and other religious ceremonies. When offering

66-424: A literal reading of the 11th chapter of Leviticus (see kashrut ). As with Rabbinic Judaism , even permitted animals can only be consumed if they are properly slaughtered . Qemant practices include animal sacrifices and the tending of sacred groves called degegna . Worship is conducted outdoors, usually at a site near a sacred tree called a k'ole , wrapped in variously-colored strips of cloth. This appears to be

88-452: A sacrifice, the abayegaria holds the legs of the victim and the kamazana wields the knife. The priests also have a subordinate judicial function. Due to lack of written evidences, for some scholars, the origin of the Qemant is obscure. However, according to the Qemant tradition and history, everything started when Noah's ark settled at the top of Mount Ararat also believed to be Mount Guna which

110-539: A survival of a biblical tradition: " Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there the name of God" ( Genesis 21:33) and "where the women wove hangings for the grove" ( II Kings 23:7). However, due to their dislike to being observed by the increasingly pervasive Christians, they eventually constructed a prayer-hall at Chelga. They also practiced levirate marriage , similar to the Jewish practice of yibbum . Shabbat

132-647: Is CVC, which implies that consonant clusters are only allowed word-medially. In loanwords from Amharic there may also be consonant-clusters within a syllable. Vowel clusters are not allowed. Consonant clusters with more than two consonants are broken up by inserting the epenthetic vowel /ɨ/ . Other phonological processes are nasal assimilation and devoicing of /ɡ/ at word boundaries. The prosodic features of Qimant have not been studied yet. The personal marking system distinguishes between first person singular and plural, second person singular, polite, and plural, and third person masculine, feminine and plural. On

154-423: Is SOV. The presence of a case marking system allows for other, more marked orders. In the noun phrase the head noun follows its modifiers. Numbers, however, can also follow the head noun. All kind of subordinate clauses precede the main verb of the sentence. As a consequence of the looming language death, many items of the vocabulary are already replaced by Amharic words. Moiety (kinship) In

176-607: Is a highly endangered language spoken by a small and elderly fraction of the Qemant people in northern Ethiopia , mainly in the Chilga woreda in Semien Gondar Zone between Gondar and Metemma . The language belongs to the western branch of the Agaw languages . Other (extinct) varieties of this branch are Qwara and Kayla . Along with all other Cushitic languages , Qimant belongs to

198-506: Is approachable directly or through figures called in Amharic k'edus "holy ones", which are angels or culture heroes. The highest political and religious leader among the Qemant is called the womber , an Amharic term meaning "chair". There were formerly two superior wombers, at Karkar and at Chelga, with the first being senior, and a varying number of subordinate wombers in other parts of Qemantland. All wombers are chosen from certain lineages in

220-561: Is located in northern Amhara region. The meaning of "guna" in Qemant language is "starting point". Qemants are descended from Yaner (also called Ayaner). He is "the grandson of Canaan, the fourth son of Ham, son of Noah." Noah and his family lived there for a few years but Shem and Japheth moved to Asia and the Middle East; however Noah and his son Ham stayed in Ethiopia until his death. Noah was buried in present-day Fasil Ghebbi and his wife Aykel

242-457: Is observed on Saturday, when it is forbidden to light a fire. The extent to which they observe the rabbinically prohibited activities of Shabbat or the traditional Shabbat prohibitions of the Beta Israel is unclear. The Qemant call God Yïdära , or Mïzgänä , which might be a proper name. He is described within the religion as omnipresent , omnipotent , omniscient , and anthropomorphic . He

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264-501: The Afroasiatic language family . Qimant is the original language of the Qemant people of North Gondar Zone , Ethiopia. Although the ethnic population of the Qemant was 172,327 at the 1994 census, only a very small fraction of these speak the language nowadays. All speakers live either in the Chilga or Lay Armachiho woredas. The number of first-language speakers is 1,625, the number of second language speakers 3,450. All speakers of

286-412: The anthropological study of kinship , a moiety ( / ˈ m ɔɪ ə t i / ) is a descent group that coexists with only one other descent group within a society . In such cases, the community usually has unilineal descent (either patri- or matrilineal ) so that any individual belongs to one of the two moiety groups by birth, and all marriages take place between members of opposite moieties. It

308-428: The Kïbbïr moiety. The last womber of Karkar died in 1955, and since then the only womber has been Mulunah Marsha, womber of Chelga (born 1935). Each womber chose from the kïbbïr moiety one or more delegates with the Amharic title afa liq "mouth of the master" to represent him in judicial matters. These men traveled the countryside, settling disputes, seeing that the laws were obeyed, and punishing wrongdoing, usually with

330-502: The Kɨbbɨr moiety is higher in rank. A traditional Qemant can only marry a member of the other moiety, so, while the moieties are exogamous, Qemant society as a whole is endogamous. The Qemant traditionally practiced a religion which is often described as "Hebraic" . According to the American anthropologist Frederic C. Gamst, their "Hebraism is an ancient form and unaffected by Hebraic change of

352-401: The language are older than 30 years, and more than 75% are older than 50 years. The language is no longer passed on to the next generation of speakers. Most ethnic Qemant people speak Amharic . Qimant is not spoken in public or even within the home as a means of daily communication anymore, but is reduced to a secret code. Today, most ethnic Qemants overwhelmingly identify as Amharas, and Qemant

374-577: The mountains in the vicinity of Gondar." Writing in 1967, US anthropologist F. Gamst said he expected total assimilation of the Qemant with the Amhara within three decades. However in the modern era, Qemant identity has resurfaced. Today, most ethnic Qemants overwhelmingly identify as Amharas, and Qemant was removed as an identity from Ethiopia’s 2007 national census, but there are some Qemant communities who are still attempting to preserve their culture and language. Qimant language The Qimant language

396-422: The past two millennia". A recent sociolinguistic survey notes that the Qemant religion is in a very precarious situation since very few people still adhere to it due to rapid assimilation. According to this study, the respective proportions of Qemant people who follow the Qemant religion and who are baptized and converted to Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity are about 1% and 99%. Qemant religious observance includes

418-499: The population has converted to Christianity . Converts often consider themselves to be Amharas . The Qemant live in an area traditionally called Qwara , along an axis stretching from Ayikel in Chilga woreda to Kirakir and north to Lake Tana in the woredas of Lay Armachiho . Most remaining speakers of the language are near Ayikel, about 40 miles (64 km) west of Gondar . They are mainly farmers. The Qemant are divided into two patrilineal moieties , Kɨbbɨr and Yetanti ;

440-639: The verb, all inflectional categories are marked by suffixes. Zelealem (2003, p. 192) identifies three different aspect forms in Qimant: Perfective, Imperfective and Progressive. Like in other Central Cushitic languages , the numbers one to nine go back to an ancient quinary system, where the suffix /-ta/ added to the numbers two to four results in the numbers six to nine (2-4 are three numbers, 6-9 are four numbers). The basic constituent order in Qimant, like in all other Afro-Asiatic languages of Ethiopia,

462-627: Was buried in Aykel city, named after her. However according to some legends, Canaan’s son, Arwadi, came to Ethiopia from the land of Canaan to found the Qemant group, whereas in other legends it is Arwadi’s son, Yaner, who did so. According to the early 19th century missionary Samuel Gobat , their neighbours considered the Qemant boudas , or sorcerers, along with "the Falashas or Jews ( Beta Israel ), most Mussulmans ( Muslims ), and some Christians ." Gobat knew little more about this "small Pagan people inhabiting

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484-416: Was removed as an identity from Ethiopia’s 2007 national census, but there are some Qemant communities who are still attempting to preserve their culture and language. It is not clear to what extent Kayla, Qwara, and Qimant have been dialects of the same Western Agaw language, or were languages distinct from each other. Continuants can be geminated word-medially. The maximum syllable structure in Qimant

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