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91-558: Qaradagh may refer to: Arasbaran or Qaradagh, Iran Karadaghis , subtribe of the Azerbaijanis from the region Tribes of Karadagh , other tribes from the region Qaradagh, Iraq , town in Iraq See also [ edit ] Qaradagh District , district in Iraq Qaradag (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

182-508: A UNESCO Biosphere reserve in 1976 was a great endorsement for the region's ecotourism potential. More recently, visitors from places as far away as Canada have expressed their amazement with approving words. The planned promotion of the Biosphere to the National Park status may farther enhance Arasbaran's environmental significance. Arasbaran is home to 215 species of birds, notably

273-533: A cleaner environment. Recently, the deputy governor of the East Azarbaijan province has mentioned the phenomenon of reverse migration to Khoda Afarin and Kaleybar counties. The problem is that the population is aging and the working class adults, in the face of scarce job opportunities, live most of the year in large population centres such as Tehran. The issue is so critical that during recent presidential campaign, Mohsen Rezaee referred to Iranian villages as

364-558: A driving distance from Kaleybar . Numerous hot springs , scattered all over the region, have been considered as attractions for promoting tourism. One example is Motaalleq hot spring therapeutic facility, which is the largest of its kind in Iran. The facility, with an area of 12870 m includes bathing areas, coffee-shop, restaurants, prayer room, and gymnasium. In recent years, the local government has organised Zoğal festivals in Kaleybar as

455-696: A great influence on the Armenian alphabet. The Armenian alphabet was created by Saint Mesrop Mashtots and Isaac of Armenia (Sahak Partev) in AD 405, primarily for a Bible translation into the Armenian language . Traditionally, the following phrase translated from Solomon 's Book of Proverbs is said to be the first sentence to be written down in Armenian by Mashtots: Ճանաչել զիմաստութիւն եւ զխրատ, իմանալ զբանս հանճարոյ : Čanačʿel zimastutʿiun yev zxrat, imanal zbans hančaroy. To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive

546-452: A means of promoting tourism. In addition, every year, in the second half of October, a Pomegranate Festival is organised in by the provincial authorities in Mardanaqom village. The main programme of the festival is the performance of ashugh music. Nearly every village in the region has a landmark in its territories. Some of these are potential tourism attractions. For instance, there

637-535: A policy of cultural assimilation. He renamed Qaradağ as Arasbaran to deny the Turkic identity of the inhabitants. Consequently, Arasbaran is no longer in the focus of national politics. Still, many books and articles are being written on the contribution of Arasbaran region, and its inhabitants in the contemporary history of Iran cannot be underestimated. The interested reader may refer to the following scholarly books and articles: The declaration by UNESCO of Arasbaran as

728-779: A significant part of the Armenian Highlands was the Kingdom of Urartu , also known as the Kingdom of Van or Ararat and called Biainili in the Urartian language used by its rulers. The kingdom competed with Assyria over supremacy in the highlands of Ararat and the Fertile Crescent . Both kingdoms fell to Iranian invaders from the east (the Medes , followed by the Achaemenid Persians ) in

819-441: A tone of mild melancholy- a state well expressed by the ashughi music. A century long autocratic nation building policies of Pahlavi era in Iran has succeeded in cultural assimilation in the favor of a government sanctioned culture. The mountainous region of Qaradağ, however, relatively escaped the demise due to its remoteness and inaccessibility. Many elements of the indigenous culture, particularly local music, have survived to

910-413: Is Mohamad Golmohamadi's long poem, titled I am madly in love with Qareh Dagh (قاراداغ اؤلکه‌سینین گؤر نئجه دیوانه‌سی ام), which is a concise description of the region's cultural landscape. The inhabitants of every village attribute spiritual importance to at multiple sites, scattered throughout the village territory. These places, generally known as Ojaq , are located in areas with rapid variation on

1001-643: Is a landmark ancient plane tree in the Kavanaq village, whose photo is presented here. The tree is about 3 metres in diameter and is said to have lived for 500 years. The villagers have developed interesting oral narratives around the events experienced by the tree. In the wake of the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) a significant fraction of the inhabitants lived as nomadic tribes. The major tribes included; Chalabianlu 1500 tents and houses, Karacurlu 2500, Haji-Alilu 800, Begdillu 200, and various minor groups 500. At

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1092-415: Is a speculation that the region referred to as Syah Kuh by the 10th-century Muslim geographer, Ibn Hawqal , corresponds to the present day Arasbaran. However, the said Syahkoh has more similarities with Manghishlaq in the eastern shores of Caspian Sea . Therefore, Arasbaran's history should be considered in the context of its two main towns, Ahar and Kaleybar . Kaleybar , formerly known as bedh ,

1183-626: Is believed that a Vergi is inherited and not to be learned. For instance, there is a family in Vayqan among whom the Vergi for catching snakes is transmitted from generation to generation. Sometimes, the Vergi is claimed to be received in dreams. But often, it is received in Ojaqs where ghosts show themselves to and talk to gifted. It is believed that there is no escape from Vergi and that, at first, it generates suffering comparable to shamanistic illness. Ashura,

1274-494: Is born, but the girl runs away at the first opportunity leaving the lamenting bear entreatingly crying for his lost wife. According to a myth the wolf is found as a symbol of merciless power that is able to destroy everything. If a human being touches it, whatever frightens him/her will be frustrated. Vergi, meaning gift, is a perceived ability for performing extraordinary feats such as prophesy or healing, which supposedly can only be received from god or from Shia' Imams . It

1365-466: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Arasbaran Arasbaran ( Persian : ارسباران , romanized :  Arasbârân , lit.   'banks of the Aras '), also known as Qaradagh ( Azerbaijani : Qaradağ ; قره‌داغ , lit.   ' black mountain ' ; Armenian : Ղարադաղ ), is a large mountainous area stretching from

1456-522: Is intrinsic to many vernis, is the S-element. Its shape varies; it may resemble both the figure 5 and letter S. This element means “dragon” among the nomads. At present, verni is woven by the girls of Arasbaran Tribes , often in the same room where the nomadic tribes reside, and is a significant income source for about 20000 families. Bəlkə bu yerlərə birdə gəlmədim (I may not come to these mountains again) duman səlamət qal dağ səlamət qal (Farewell to

1547-483: Is the ubiquity of edible wild trees. For instance, a patch of forest between Aghaweye and Oskolou includes hazelnut trees. The large walnut and Cornus mas trees, which grow wild alongside streams, provide an important income source for inhabitants. More exotic plant species, such as redcurrant , truffle and herbs with application in traditional medicine significantly add to the ecological importance of Arasbaran region. Another potential tourist attraction are

1638-508: The Arsacid dynasty of Armenia was founded when Tiridates I , a member of the Parthian Arsacid dynasty, was proclaimed King of Armenia in 52. Throughout most of its history during this period, Armenia was heavily contested between Rome and Parthia, and the Armenian nobility was divided among pro-Roman, pro-Parthian or neutral factions. From 114 to 118, Armenia briefly became a province of

1729-507: The Caucasian black grouse , grey partridge , black francolin , and common pheasant , 29 species of reptiles, 48 species of mammals, notably wild goat , wild boar , brown bear , wolf , lynx , and leopard , and 17 species of fish. There is an effort going on to revitalize the extinct sub-species of Caspian red deer local to the area . The local flora include hornbeam , sumac , and Berberis . A unique characteristic of Arasbaran forests

1820-744: The Hellenistic kingdoms of the Seleucid Empire . Under the Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC), the Armenian throne was divided in two—Greater Armenia (state) and Sophene —both of which passed to members of the Artaxiad dynasty in 189 BC. During the Roman Republic 's eastern expansion, the Kingdom of Armenia, under Tigranes the Great , reached its peak, from 83 to 69 BC, after it reincorporated Sophene and conquered

1911-606: The Marzpanate period over Persian Armenia . Those parts of historical Armenia remained firmly under Persian control until the Muslim conquest of Persia , while the Byzantine parts remained until being conquered, also by invading Arabic armies, in the 7th century. In 885, after years of Roman, Persian, and Arab rule, Armenia regained its independence under the Bagratuni dynasty . The army of

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2002-508: The Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan . The Kingdom of Armenia often served as a client state or vassal at the frontier of the two large empires and their successors, the Byzantine and Sassanid empires. In 301, Tiridates III proclaimed Christianity as the state religion of Armenia, making the Armenian kingdom the first state in history to embrace Christianity officially. In 387, Armenia

2093-581: The Seleucid Empire virtually at an end—and ruled peacefully for 17 years. During the zenith of his rule, Tigranes the Great extended Armenia's territory outside of the Armenian Highland over parts of the Caucasus and the area that is now south-eastern Turkey , Iran , Syria and Lebanon , becoming one of the most powerful states in the Roman East. Armenia became a Roman client kingdom in 66 BC, after

2184-488: The Seleucid Empire , he reunited Tmorik. Artaxias I was not able to reunite Lesser Armenia , Corduene , and Sophene , something completed by his grandson Tigranes the Great . At its peak, under Tigranes the Great, it incorporated, besides Armenia Major, Iberia , Albania , Cappadocia , Cilicia , Armenian Mesopotamia , Osroene , Adiabene , Syria , Assyria , Commagene , Sophene , Judea and Atropatene . Parthia and also some Arab tribes were vassals of Tigranes

2275-572: The old age residence . The spoken language of majority of the inhabitant is Azeri , which has a reasonable degree of intelligibility with Turkmeni , Afshar and the Anatolian Turkish. Most inhabitants are bilingual in Persian language , which is the official language of Iran and the sole language of education. The ancient language of Azerbaijan, namely Tati survives in the Karingani dialect of

2366-566: The satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia called Armenia ( Satrapy of Armenia ), which was formed from the territory of the Kingdom of Ararat (860 BC–590 BC) after it was conquered by the Median Empire in 590 BC. The satrapy became a kingdom in 321 BC during the reign of the Orontid dynasty after the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great , which was then incorporated as one of

2457-421: The 10th day of the lunar month Muharram, is the day at which the mourning celebrations commemorating Imam Husayns' martyrdom reach their climax. In many villages of Qaradağ, palm sized metallic icons fixed on a medium-sized wooden handles, locally known as Toğs, are harbingers of the exact hour when Husayn was killed; allegedly, they relapse to utter in-animation following ten days of relentless erratic movements at

2548-598: The 16the and 17th centuries, where a large population transfer took place between the two. This language, has a rare and unusual point of grammar called the hearsay tense . Consequently, in Azerbaijani speaking society the boundary between the private and shared memories becomes fuzzy, and the magnitude of time lapse between the events shrinks. This is an ideal feature for the generation of oral cultural artifacts, particularly mythology, epics and folkloric music. A rare opportunity for recording and preserving Qaradağ's culture

2639-413: The 30000 estimate of 1960. The defeat of Soviet-created " Azerbaijan People's Government " following WWII and the ensuing events, resulted in mass migration of inhabitants to Tabriz and Tehran . Most of these migrants settled in the shanty towns and worked as painters. The land reforms of 1962–1964 accelerated the migration. The case of a typical village, Abbasabad , is a good example to demonstrate

2730-710: The 3rd century or in the beginning of the 4th century. The Armenian Second Legion had a permanent camp in one of the Northern provinces of the Orient, and built a camp in Satala . The Armenian Second legion is mentioned in the year 360 AD as a part of the garrison of Bezabda (anciently called Phoencia) in upper Tigris. In Bezabde the Armenian Second Legion served together with the Legions Parthica and II Flavia. In 390 AD Bezabde

2821-516: The 6th century BC. Its territory was reorganized into a satrapy called Armenia . The Orontid dynasty ruled as satraps of the Achaemenid Empire for three centuries until the empire was defeated by Alexander the Great 's Macedonian Empire at the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, a Macedonian general named Neoptolemus obtained Armenia until he died in 321 BC and

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2912-666: The Great was brought to power by the Roman armies. After Gregory the Illuminator 's spreading of Christianity in Armenia, Tiridates accepted Christianity and made it his kingdom's official religion. The date of Armenia's conversion to Christianity is traditionally held to be 301, preceding the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great 's conversion and the Edict of Milan by a dozen years.In 387,

3003-452: The Kingdom of Armenia reached its peak under the reign of Tigranes the Great . According to the author of Judith , his army included chariots and 12,000 cavalrymen, most likely heavy cavalry or cataphracts , a unit also commonly used by Seleucids and Parthians. His army consisted mainly of 120,000 infantrymen and 12,000 mounted archers , also an important feature of the Parthian army . Like

3094-629: The Kingdom of Armenia was split between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Sassanid Empire. Western Armenia first became a province of the Roman Empire under the name of Armenia Minor , and later Byzantine Armenia ; Eastern Armenia remained a kingdom within Persia until, in 428, the local nobility overthrew the king, and the Sassanids installed a marzban ( governor ) in his place, beginning

3185-483: The Kingdom of Armenia was the Kur River, which was also the border between Caucasian Albania and Kingdom of Armenia. After 331 BC, Armenia was divided into Lesser Armenia (a region of the Kingdom of Pontus ), the Kingdom of Armenia (corresponding to Armenia Major) and the Kingdom of Sophene . In 189 BC when Artashes I 's reign began, many neighboring countries ( Media , Caucasian Iberia , Seleucid Empire ) exploiting

3276-533: The Macedonian Empire, the last Orontid king, Orontes IV , was overthrown in 201/200 BC and the kingdom was taken over by a commander of the Seleucid Empire , Artaxias (Artashes) I , who is presumed to have been related to the Orontid dynasty himself. The Seleucid Empire 's influence over Armenia had weakened after it was defeated by the Romans in the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC. A Hellenistic Armenian state

3367-466: The Mist and to the mountain) arxamca su səpir göydə bulutlar (Clouds sprinkle drops of rain) leysan səlamət qal yağ səlamət qal (Farewell to summer days, farewell to the rain) These opening verses of a contemporary ashug song, composed by Məhəmməd Araz, may well represent the essence of Qaradağ's cultural identity; frequent allusions to a mountain with the intention of arousing an emotional state with

3458-532: The Orontids returned, not as satraps, but as kings. Orontes III and the ruler of Lesser Armenia , Mithridates, recognized themselves independent, thus elevating the former Armenian satrapy into a kingdom, giving birth to the kingdoms of Armenia and Lesser Armenia. Orontes III also defeated the Thessalian commander Menon , who wanted to capture Sper 's gold mines. Weakened by the Seleucid Empire which succeeded

3549-654: The Qūshā Dāgh massif, south of Ahar , to the Aras River in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran . The region is confined to Aras River in the north, Meshgin Shahr County and Moghan in the east, Sarab County in the south, and Tabriz and Marand counties in the west. Since 1976, UNESCO has registered 72,460 hectares of the region, confined to 38°40' to 39°08'N and 46°39' to 47°02'E, as biosphere reserve with

3640-564: The Romans. After gaining Armenia in 60, then losing it in 62, the Romans sent the Legio XV Apollinaris from Pannonia to Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo , legatus of Syria . In 63, strengthened further by the legions III Gallica , V Macedonica , X Fretensis and XXII , General Corbulo entered into the territories of Vologases I of Parthia , who then returned the Armenian kingdom to Tiridates , king Vologases I's brother. An agreement

3731-503: The Seleucids, the bulk of Tigranes' army were foot soldiers. The Jewish historian Josephus talks of 500,000 men in total, including camp followers. These followers consisted of camels, donkeys, and mules used for baggage, sheep, cattle, and goats for food, said to be stocked in abundance for each man, and hoards of gold and silver. As a result, the marching Armenian army was listed as "a huge, irregular force, too many to count, like locusts or

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3822-460: The acme of Azeri art and people of Arasbaran have significantly contributed to this artistic tradition. Arabaran carpet was a hybrid between Persian carpet and Azerbaijani rug . There were indigenous styles as well. For instance, carpets known as Balan rugs had a size of approximately 1x4 m and a characteristic pattern. The acme of carpet weaving art in Arasbaran is manifested in verni , which

3913-712: The adoption of Christianity in the early 4th century, Zoroastrianism's influence in the kingdom gradually started to decline. Little is known about pre-Christian Armenian literature. Many literature pieces known to us were saved and then presented to us by Moses of Chorene . This is a pagan Armenian song, telling about the birth of Vahagn : Armenian version Երկնէր երկին, երկնէր երկիր, Երկնէր եւ ծովն ծիրանի, Երկն ի ծովուն ունէր և զկարմրիկն եղեգնիկ։ Ընդ եղեգան փող ծուխ ելանէր, Ընդ եղեգան փող բոց ելանէր, Եւ ի բոցոյն վազէր խարտեաշ պատանեկիկ։ Նա հուր հեր ունէր, Բոց ունէր մօրուս, Եւ աչքունքն էին արեգակունք։ Translation In travail were heaven and earth, In travail, too,

4004-556: The beauty of their horses and armor". Horses in Armenia, since ancient times were considered as the most important part and pride of the warrior. Since antiquity, Kingdom of Armenia had a cavalary called "Azatavrear", which consisted mainly of elite Armenians. "Azatavrear" cavalry made up the main part of the king's court. In medieval times, the cavalry were collected from nobles (usually the youngest sons of Armenian lords), and were known as Ayrudzi, or "horsemen." During times of peace, Armenian cavalry were divided into small groups which took

4095-469: The buffer and transition zones (2000). Economic activities in the biosphere reserve are mainly agriculture, animal husbandry, horticulture, apiculture, handicrafts and tourism, but business activities can also be found in urbanized areas. In antiquity, this region was inhabited by the Alarodians and Caspian tribes. Then this area became alternately part of the Medes and Persia . In the 2nd century B.C.

4186-643: The building of Artaxata. The new city was laid on a strategic position at the juncture of trade routes that connected the Ancient Greek world with Bactria , India and the Black Sea which permitted the Armenians to prosper. Tigranes the Great saw an opportunity for expansion in the constant civil strife to the south. In 83 BC, at the invitation of one of the factions in the interminable civil wars, he entered Syria, and soon established himself as ruler of Syria—putting

4277-548: The capital. Sohaemus , a Roman citizen of Armenian heritage, was installed as the new client king . But during an epidemic within the Roman forces, Parthians retook most of their lost territory in 166. Sohaemus retreated to Syria, and the Arsacid dynasty was restored to power in Armenia. After the fall of the Arsacid dynasty in Persia, the succeeding Sassanid Empire aspired to reestablish Persian control. The Sassanid Persians occupied Armenia in 252. However, in 287, Tiridates III

4368-434: The company of their sacred Toğs. In the accompanying photo two persons holding toğ can be seen, who are surrounded by mourners beating on their legs. One toğ is kept standing still in the centre. It seems that the other toğ is performing erratic motions and is pulling the holder. Orhan Pamuk in 2001 Turkish novel, My Name Is Red , gives a vivid description of Turkic people's love-hate attitude towards dogs. Every summer,

4459-427: The dust of the earth", not unlike many other enormous Eastern armies of the time. The smaller Cappadocian , Graeco-Phoenician, and Nabataean armies were generally no match for the sheer number of soldiers, with the organized Roman army with its legions eventually posing a much greater challenge to the Armenians. Note that the numbers given by Israelite historians of the time were probably exaggerated, considering

4550-413: The efforts of the apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus . After persecutions by kings Sanatruk , Axidares , Khosrov I , and Tiridates III , Christianity was adopted as the state religion by Tiridates III after he was converted by Gregory the Illuminator . Armenia's adoption of Christianity as the state religion (the first country to do so) distinguished it from Parthian and Mazdaen influence. Until

4641-556: The entire population of the Nakhichevan region (including the Armenians of Jolfa, who, in the following year, were transplanted to Isfahan ) to Arasbaran and Dezmar. Arasbaran region suffered enormously during Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) and Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) due to its proximity to the war zone. Western travellers in 1837–1843 period had found Ahar , a city with around 700 households, in wretched condition. Arasbaran

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4732-522: The fact that the Hasmonean Jews lost the war against Tigranes. Plutarch wrote that the Armenian archers could kill from 200 meters with their deadly-accurate arrows. The Romans admired and respected the bravery and the warrior spirit of the Armenian Cavalry – the core of Tigran's Army. The Roman historian Sallustius Crispus wrote that the Armenian [Ayrudzi – lit. horsemen] Cavalry was "remarkable by

4823-758: The final defeat of Armenia's ally, Mithridates VI of Pontus by Pompey at the Battle of the Lycus . Mark Antony invaded and defeated the kingdom in 34 BC, but the Romans lost hegemony during the Final War of the Roman Republic in 32–30 BC. In 20 BC, Augustus negotiated a truce with the Parthians , making Armenia a buffer zone between the two major powers. Augustus installed Tigranes V as king of Armenia in AD 6, but ruled with Erato of Armenia . The Romans then installed Mithridates of Armenia as client king. Mithridates

4914-550: The following general description: This biosphere reserve situated in the north of Iran at the border to Azerbaijan belongs to the Caucasus Iranian Highlands. In-between the Caspian , Caucasus and Mediterranean region , the area covers mountains up to 2,200 metres, high alpine meadows, semi-arid steppes, rangelands and forests, rivers and springs. Arasbaran is the territory of about 23,500 nomads who are mainly living in

5005-606: The general impression of the ashugh music from association to the nomadic life in mountains to a music suited for performances in urban settings. At present, the de facto representative of ashughs is Aşiq Rəsol Qorbani from Abbasabad village. Up until the Islamic revolution the region had a subsistence economy – all food was produced within the villages and the surplus was bartered with items supplied by travelling salesman. Most women spent winter months weaving carpets using raw material which were locally produced. Rainfed agriculture on

5096-406: The hands of their carriers (alamdars). The tuğs – believed to be sisters – are housed in the mosques and are greatly revered by the inhabitants of all neighbouring villages. Unfortunately, there are no systematic studies or first hand reports on these fascinating relics. Still, every year, as a ritualistic obligation, expatriates flock to the said villages to receive the blessings of the sacred day in

5187-511: The ill-fated Persian campaign of the emperor Julianus Apostata in 363. "Legio Armeniaca" translates from Latin as "Armenian Legion " and "Secunda" as "Second". Like the First legion, the Armenian Second Legion was one of the later-period Roman imperial legions. This legion is also mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum. The Armenian Second Legion was thought to have been created around the end of

5278-460: The land topography, and are in some way linked to Djins via established narratives. Most of these sites possess any significantly conspicuous landmark. At some sites, which are considered sacred by many villages, people will occasionally gather to slaughter sacrificial animals or offer a simple meal of freshly baked bread and cheese with tea. At some sites, they have collected medium-sized rocks around some trees and hang coloured threads or ribbons from

5369-399: The language. In addition to the large village of Karingan , the neighboring villages of Chay Kandi, Kalasor, Khoynarood, and Arazin are likewise the remaining Tati-speaking Old Azari/Tati-speaking native, a language which was the Iranian language of Azerbaijan before the arrival of Turkic speakers in large numbers during the long wars between Safavid Persia/Iran and the Ottoman Empire in

5460-420: The late Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian-adhering land. With the advent of Christianity, both paganism and Zoroastrianism gradually started to diminish. The founder of the Arsacid branch in Armenia , Tiridates I , was a Zoroastrian priest or magus. A noted episode which illustrates the observance by the Armenian Arsacids is the famous journey of Tiridates I to Rome in A.D. 65–66. With

5551-425: The medieval period. During times of war, the number of Armenian cavalry would rise, with estimates ranging from 10,000 to at least 20,000 horsemen. Besides heavy cavalry, there was also light cavalry, which primarily consisted of mounted archers. "Legio Armeniaca" translates from Latin as "Armenian Legion" and "prima" as "first". The Armenian First Legion was one of the later-period Roman imperial legions. This Legion

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5642-424: The only occupation that can provide a family with sufficient income. The honey produced in villages close to pastures is renowned for its quality and has an established niche market. Mardanaqom village is one of the main producers of honey. 38°40′N 47°00′E  /  38.667°N 47.000°E  / 38.667; 47.000 Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity) The root of the kingdom lies in one of

5733-466: The population depletion; the number of families dropped from 60 families at 1970 to 12 at 2006. After the election of Ahmadinezhad as president of Iran, a rumour was circulated that UNESCO will compensate the residents to have the village evacuated for wild-life protection efforts. Some early emigrants returned and built decent houses. At the present the region is undergoing a population boom as more wealthy city residents want to spend their retirement in

5824-619: The present day. More recently a slow but persistent cultural revival has been in progress and the inhabitants along with their city dwelling relatives perceive an awareness of their common cultural roots with the inhabitants of eastern Turkey and Azerbaijan republics, where a cultural renaissance is well underway since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The ashughi music is cornerstone of this shared identity. The number of ashughs has significantly increased after Aşiq Imran Heydəri (عاشیق ایمران حیدری) started accepting pupils to his academic style classes in Tabriz . Imran's efforts effectively shifted

5915-418: The purple sea, The travail held in the sea the small red reed. Through the hollow of the stalk came forth smoke, Through the hollow of the stalk came forth flame, And out of the flame a youth ran․ Fiery hair had he, Ay, too, he had flaming beard, And his eyes, they were as suns. Before the Armenian alphabet was created, Armenians used the Aramaic and Greek alphabets , the last of which had

6006-411: The real life version of this description is in display in Chaparli. Each family has 2-5 dogs, all with characteristic cropped ears and tails. The dogs are fed generous portions of milk soaked bread. When the sheep herds are brought back for milking near tents, dogs sleep around the camp most of the day. The inhabitants treat the beasts with utter respect, a manner which is loathed by more pious villagers of

6097-428: The region as a pagan act. Between dusk and dawn dogs regain their vicious character; strangers have to avoid crossing a campsite otherwise the attacking dogs cannot be controlled even by their owners. Fending off the dogs by beating is considered an act of aggression towards the owner and should be avoided. In fact most of the feuds between settled villagers and pastoralists are about dogs. Carpet weaving stands out as

6188-458: The region became part of the Armenian kingdom , where the Armenian principality Parspatunik was established, which existed until the 6th century A.D. Small Armenian melikdoms of Karadagh (Arasbaran) remained until the Turkish invasion of 1918. The Armenian population is preserved in the mountains of Arasbaran(Karadagh) in modern day. There is no mention of Arasbaran as a geo-political entity in written sources dating prior to Safavid era. There

6279-399: The remaining territories of the falling Seleucid Empire, effectively ending its existence and raising Armenia into an empire for a brief period, until it was itself conquered by Rome in 69 BC. The remaining Artaxiad kings ruled as clients of Rome until they were overthrown in 12 AD due to their possible allegiance to Rome's main rival in the region, Parthia . During the Roman–Parthian Wars ,

6370-409: The roles of guarding the King and other Armenian lords, as well as their families. Some part of the Armenian cavalry force was always patrolling Armenian borders, under the command of an Armenian general ( sparapet ). The group of Armenian cavalry whose main mission was the protection of the Armenian king and his family consisted of 6000 heavily armored horsemen in the ancient period, and 3000 horsemen in

6461-426: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qaradagh&oldid=1251132924 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

6552-562: The steep slopes had severely eroded the farms and productivity had dropped to an unsustainable low level, and the inhabitants had to supplement their income by taking seasonal construction jobs in Tehran. After the revolution, thanks to the construction of roads giving accessibility to larger town markets, livestock production became the dominant mode of the region's economy. However, the quarrels over grazing rights didn't allow large-scale animal agriculture. In recent years beekeeping has emerged as

6643-465: The summer camps ( ییلاق ) of semi-settled Tribes of Arasbaran , known as Ilat, who spend five months of the year in uplands for grazing their livestock. A tourist, while enjoying the fresh thin air of the mountains, may get a chance to observe the age-long traditional living styles of the locals. Some of the attractive sites are Aliabad mountains, meadows above Shojaabad, East Azerbaijan village, and Chaparli and Aqdash summer quarters, all located in

6734-564: The sun is always obscured by thick clouds). In the 12th-13th centuries, Ahar was a minor and short-lived, but prosperous emirate ruled by the Pishteginid dynasty of Georgian origin (1155—1231). Yaqut al-Hamawi , describes Ahar as very flourishing despite its small extent . Both towns lost most of their importance during the rule of Ilkhanate . Hamdallah Mustawfi , writing in the-mid fourteenth century, describes Ahar as "a little town", and Kaleybar as "A village of Azerbaijan, in

6825-431: The time Ahar , with 3500 inhabitants, was the only city of Qaradağ. By the beginning of the twentieth century the settlement of tribesman were growing and in 1920 there were more than four hundred villages, less than thirty of which were Armenian . However, the nomadic way of living has survived to the present. The nomadic population at present has been estimated to be about 36000, and is not significantly different from

6916-399: The trees. In most villages, there are sites with narrative associations, which are not considered sacred. These sites are in secluded locations formed by natural topography of the landscape. Often the narratives involve bears as the principal subject. The main theme of the narratives is the following. A male bear kidnaps a blackberry picking pretty girl and takes her to his den. A hybrid child

7007-490: The weakened state of the kingdom, conquered its remote regions. Strabo says that Artaxias I campaigned in the east and reunited Caspiane and Paytakaran , then campaigned in the north, defeated the Iberians , reuniting Gugark ( Strabo also notes that Iberia recognized themselves as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia at this time), to the west, reuniting Karin , Ekeghik and Derjan and to the south, where, after many battles with

7098-530: The woods near a mountain which comprises a fortress". Ahar was in the focus of Safavid dynasty 's agenda for casting of Azerbaijan as a Safavid dominion. Thus, Shah Abbas rebuilt the mausoleum of Sheikh Sheikh Shihab-al-din in Ahar. In 1604, as Ottoman forces threatened the area directly to the north of Arasbaran during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1618) , Shah Abbas ordered Maqsud Sultan to evacuate

7189-432: The words of understanding. By the 2nd century BC, according to Strabo , the inhabitants of Greater Armenia spoke the Armenian language , implying that modern Armenians descended from that population. The Kingdom of Armenia was bordered by Caucasian Albania in the east, Iberia in the north, the Roman Empire in the west, and Parthia, later succeeded by Sassanian Empire, in the south. The border between Iberia and

7280-557: Was arrested by Caligula , but later restored by Claudius . Subsequently, Armenia was often a focus of contention between Rome and Parthia, with both major powers supporting opposing sovereigns and usurpers . The Parthians forced Armenia into submission in AD 37, but in AD 47 the Romans retook control of the kingdom. In AD 51 Armenia fell to an Iberian invasion sponsored by Parthia, led by Rhadamistus . Tigranes VI of Armenia ruled from AD 58, again installed by Roman support. The period of turmoil ends in AD 66, when Tiridates I of Armenia

7371-450: Was blockaded in his native town..., which even now is known as Babak's countr y. Ibn Athir in his book, The Complete History , has devoted many pages to the description of battles. Yaqut al-Hamawi , writing in early thirteenth century, describes Kaleybar in the following words, County between Azerbaijan and Erran.... This county produces pomegranates of incomparable beauty, excellent figs and grapes that are dried on fires (because

7462-540: Was crowned king of Armenia by Nero . For the remaining duration of the Armenian kingdom, Rome still considered it a client kingdom de jure , but the ruling dynasty was of Parthian extraction, and contemporary Roman writers thought that Nero had de facto yielded Armenia to the Parthians. Under Nero , the Romans fought a campaign (55–63) against the Parthian Empire , which had invaded the Kingdom of Armenia, allied with

7553-475: Was mentioned in the late-antique text known as Notitia Dignitatum . It is most likely that the Armenian First Legion was formed in the 2nd or 3rd century AD, in the western part of the Kingdom, with the mission to protect the lands of Armenia from intrusion. It might first have been the garrison of Armenian lands which had been under the control of the Roman Empire . The Armenian First Legion took part in

7644-527: Was one of the epicentres of Persian Constitutional Revolution . Arasbaran tribes were heavily involved in armed conflicts; the revolutionary and anti-revolutionary camps were headed, respectively, by Sattar Khan and Rahimkhan Chalabianloo , both from Qaradağ region. When in 1925 Rezā Shāh deposed Ahmad Shah Qajar and founded the Pahlavi dynasty , Arasbaran's gradual decline started. The new king insisting on cultural and ethnic nationalism , and implemented

7735-528: Was originated in Nagorno-Karabakh . Verni is a carpet-like kilim with a delicate and fine warp and weft, which is woven without a previous sketch, thanks to the creative talents of nomadic women and girls. Verni weavers employ the image of birds and animals (deer, rooster, cat, snake, birds, gazelle, sheep, camel, wolf and eagle) in simple geometrical shapes, imitating the earthenware patterns that were popular in prehistoric times. A key décor feature, which

7826-498: Was partitioned into Byzantine Armenia and Persian Armenia . The last Arsacid king of Armenia was deposed in 428, ending independent Armenian statehood until the emergence of Bagratid Armenia in the 9th century. Prior to the 9th century BC, the geographic region known as the Armenian Highlands was inhabited by Proto-Armenian and other tribes which did not yet constitute a unitary state or nation. The first state to rule over

7917-476: Was provided by the innovative method by which Shahriar in his famous verse book, Heydar Babaya Salam adopted to summarize the Cultural identity in concise poetic form. A generation of lesser known poets from Arasbaran used similar approach for perpetuating region's oral traditions. Remarkable examples are mourning Sabalan by Abbas Barez, and "Hail to Qizil Qala'h" by Seifollah Delkhon. Another example

8008-519: Was reached at the Treaty of Rhandeia in 63, according to which members of the Parthian Arsacid dynasty would rule Armenia as client kings of Rome. Another campaign was led by Emperor Lucius Verus in 162–165, after Vologases IV of Parthia had invaded Armenia and installed his chief general on its throne. To counter the Parthian threat, Verus set out for the east. His army won significant victories and retook

8099-556: Was taken by the Persian army, and a terrible bloodbath ensued against the inhabitants and garrison. The legion seemed to have survived this battle, because it appears in Notitia Dignitatum, which was written in the 5th century. Later on, the Armenian Second legion became a part of the Byzantine army. The pre-Christian Armenian pantheon included: During the 1st century AD, Christianity spread through Armenia due to (according to legend)

8190-509: Was the stronghold of Babak Khorramdin who, in 816 AD, revolted against Islamic Caliphate and was defeated in 836 AD. The events of the two decades long tumultuous times have been extensively reported by Islamic historians of the epoch. The first report is by Al-Masudi in The Meadows of Gold : Babak revolted in Bedh region with the disciples of Djavidan ... Following a series of defeats Babak

8281-524: Was thus founded in the same year by Artaxias I alongside the Armenian kingdom of Sophene led by Zariadres . Artaxias seized Yervandashat , united the Armenian Highlands at the expense of neighboring tribes and founded the new royal capital of Artaxata near the Araxes River . According to Strabo and Plutarch , Hannibal received hospitality at the Armenian court of Artaxias I. The authors add an apocryphal story of how Hannibal planned and supervised

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