49-517: Pymmes Brook is located in North London and named after William Pymme , a local land owner. It is a minor tributary of the River Lea . The brook mostly flows through urban areas and is particularly prone to flooding in its lower reaches. To alleviate the problem the brook has been culverted in many areas. Part of it is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation , Grade II. The source of
98-579: A Zeppelin display, with relics of the L31. As of the 2021 census, Potters Bar still had a Christian majority, making it more Christian than both England and Wales as a whole and the rest of Hertsmere. Potters Bar has a significant Jewish community and an Orthodox synagogue, but as a percentage of the overall population, the Jewish community, which numbers over 600, pales in comparison to every other settlement in Hertsmere,
147-555: A combined population of 22,536. This includes several smaller outlying hamlets contained in the Bentley Heath & The Royds ward, such as Bentley Heath and Ganwick Corner. In 2022 the population was around 23,325. Within the historic county of Middlesex until 1965, the town dates to the early 13th century but remained a small, mainly agricultural, settlement until the arrival of the Great Northern Railway in 1850. It
196-607: A population of 13,681, increasing to 24,613 in 1971. In 1974 the urban district was abolished and the area became part of the borough of Hertsmere . Having been part of Middlesex, the area continued to form part of the Metropolitan Police District ; with the creation of the Greater London Authority it was transferred to the Hertfordshire Constabulary in 2000. Wrotham Park estate, home of
245-623: A small piece of art that resembles seven faces was erected at the station as a memorial to those killed. There are eight churches in Potters Bar. These include St Mary the Virgin and All Saints' Church at the top of the Walk, the first Anglican parish in the town created from the parish of South Mimms in the 1800s. The Church contains stained glass including some "fine portraits" of several saints as well as tributes to John Keble , and Randall Davidson . There
294-470: A small stream - for example, at Cat Hill. But we are currently in an interglacial period, and the stream would have been flowing more strongly than today at times of "high discharge, under cold climatic conditions". And, at such times, soil cover and vegetation would have been much thinner than today, thus facilitating greater erosion. Furthermore, as the River Lea itself cut down as it moved eastwards, it lowered
343-548: A tennis club, a cricket club. The Wyllyotts Centre is a theatre, cinema and events venue, and is also the location of the town's museum. Potters Bar is also home to the Hertfordshire Showband (formally known as the Marching Blues). In December 2018, the golf course at Potters Bar closed after 95 years. In 1983, the area around Potters Bar was used for the on-location filming of the comic-horror film Bloodbath at
392-464: A tributary of Salmons Brook. It has been captured by Pymmes Brook in the recent geological past. The brook can be seen in the following larger parks; It also flows through a number of other open spaces, smaller parks, and greens. The new, extended route of the Pymmes Brook Trail starts where the brook's headwaters rise on Hadley Green then follows its approximate course to its confluence with
441-499: Is Eocene London Clay . The uppermost part of this formation - the " Claygate Beds " - has a higher sand content. In some parts of the higher sections of the catchment area, the London Clay is overlain by "Stanmore Gravel" (also known as "Pebble Gravel") and "Dollis Hill Gravel" (both Quaternary pre-glacial fluvial deposits), and by Quaternary glacial till . From Oak Hill Park southwards, there are sand, gravel and alluvium deposits on
490-567: Is a Madonna Window in memory of John Goodacre, a long-time schoolmaster at Potters Bar. Other churches include Our Lady and St Vincent (Roman Catholic), King Charles the Martyr, Christ Church, Potters Bar Baptist Church, St John's Methodist Church and the Causeway Free Church. Potters Bar Spiritualist Church is on Hill Rise. There was briefly a Salvation Army in Station Road. There is also
539-517: Is an all-boys preparatory school in Potters Bar, which opened in 1947. Stormont School is an all-girls preparatory school in Potters Bar, which opened in 1944. Dame Alice Owen's School is a mixed grant-maintained school in Potters Bar. Founded in 1613 and based in Islington until 1973, it is unusual in its 'Visitation' and 'Beer Money' traditions. The town also houses many veterinary medicine (mostly third, fourth and fifth-year) students from
SECTION 10
#1732852451960588-644: Is approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south on the A111 from junction 24 of the M25. Potters Bar has a bus depot that services local bus routes as well as some London bus routes. The 84 bus route runs north-west to St. Albans . Other routes include the 298 to Arnos Grove , the 313 to Enfield and Chingford , the 242 to Waltham Cross , the 398 to Watford and the 610 to Enfield and Hatfield. There are also school bus services run from various places to Dame Alice Owen's School and to Chancellor's School . Potters Bar has been
637-603: Is now part of the London commuter belt . The origin of the Potters element of the town's name is uncertain but is generally thought to be either a reference to a Roman pottery, believed to have been sited locally, or alternatively to the Pottere family who lived in neighbouring South Mimms parish. The Bar is thought to refer to the gates leading from the South Mimms parish and into
686-685: Is some overflow from Jacks (Beechhill) lake. Jacks Lake burst its banks in the 1930s causing flooding in East Barnet with glasshouses and cows carried downstream. Following on from this event the banks and the first part of the channel was heavily reinforced with concrete. Water quality parameters are indicative of a high level of pollution, in particular, there are areas with misconnections resulting in very high levels of fecal coliforms. Cat Hill for instance often exceeds 1 million colony forming units of Escherichia coli per 100 mLs of water. Macroinvertebrate families are good indicators of organic loading and both
735-399: Is the highest on the line between London's King's Cross railway station and York . The Great Northern route serves various North London suburbs to the south before terminating at either King's Cross or Moorgate station . Northbound, the railway runs to Hatfield , Welwyn Garden City , Cambridge , and Peterborough . The nearest London Underground station is at Cockfosters , which
784-676: Is the northern part of London , England, north of the River Thames . It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury , on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire . The term is used to differentiate the area from South London , East London and West London . Some parts of north London are also part of Central London . There is a Northern postal area, but this includes some areas not normally described as part of north London, while excluding many others that are. The first northern suburb developed in
833-605: The Enfield Chase parish, or possibly from a toll on the Great North Road , said to have been by what is now the disused Green Man pub, or at the current entrance to Morven House. Potters Bar is located on the Great North Road , one of two road routes from the City of London to the north of England . The road was originally numbered as the A1 , and later the A1000 . Potters Bar
882-519: The Finsbury division of Middlesex . In the early part of the 19th century, the arrival of the Regent's Canal in Islington and St Pancras stimulated London's northerly expansion, continuing when the development of the railway network accelerated urbanisation, promoting economic growth in the capital and allowing for the establishment of commuter suburbs . This trend continued in the twentieth century and
931-576: The Köppen climate classification system. Long term climate observations dating back to 1910 are available for Hampstead , which is also the most elevated Weather Station in the London area, at 137m. This both hilltop and urban position means severe frosts are rare. Temperatures increase towards the Thames, firstly because of the urban warming effect of the surrounding area, but secondly due to altitude decreasing towards
980-549: The L31 . It was captained by Heinrich Mathy with his crew of 18. All were killed when the flaming zeppelin fell into an ancient oak tree on the Oakmere Estate, Oakmere House at the time being rented by Mrs Forbes. The deadly raids over England declined after this. The 19 German sailors (zeppelins were naval) were buried in the local cemetery, and decades later reinterred at Cannock Chase German Military Cemetery . The Potters Bar Museum has
1029-607: The Royal Veterinary College . Potters Bar has a King George's Field in memorial to King George V , which is situated behind the Furzefield Centre. There is a swimming pool and leisure centre run by Hertsmere council, which is home to St Albans and Hertsmere Canoe Club. Also in the town are Potters Bar Town F.C. , Potters Bar Swimming Club (PBSC), a Scuba diving Club (the Potters Bar Sub Aqua Club),
SECTION 20
#17328524519601078-561: The Soke of Cripplegate in the early part of the twelfth century, but London's growth beyond its Roman northern gates was slower than in other directions, partly because of the marshy ground north of the wall and also because the roads through those gates were less well-connected than elsewhere. The parishes that would become north London were almost entirely rural until the Victorian period . Many of these parishes were grouped into an area called
1127-568: The lower River Lea , has a notably steep eastern slope. Associated with that is the fact that almost all the tributaries of that section of Pymmes Brook are on its west side. So it is possible that that section of the brook has, like the lower River Lea, also shifted eastwards somewhat since the Anglian glaciation (and, if so, presumably for the same reason). In addition, that section of the Pymmes Brook valley today seems disproportionately deep for such
1176-462: The " Finchley depression " and Palmers Green , to join the proto-Thames somewhere around Hoddesdon , at what is today an altitude of around 60 metres. It was this river which, during the course of the early and middle Pleistocene , deposited the "Dollis Hill Gravel" at successive altitudes. When the Anglian ice sheet diverted the Thames southwards, the Mole-Wey was cut off at Richmond . Meltwater from
1225-552: The 14 League Cup matches have ended with 7 wins for Arsenal against 4 for Spurs with 3 draws. In the sole Charity Shield between the two clubs, then exclusively between the previous season's league champions and the FA Cup winners, the contest in 1991 was drawn with the Shield shared. Spurs had won the FA cup final in 1991 after beating Arsenal 3–1 in the semi-final, the first FA cup semi-final and
1274-579: The Anglian glaciation, the River Thames flowed north-eastwards via Watford, through what is now the Vale of St Albans , then eastwards towards Chelmsford and the North Sea . As a result of the glaciation, the Thames was diverted to a more southerly route, broadly along the line of its current course. Prior to the Anglian glaciation, a "proto-Mole-Wey" river was flowing northwards from the Weald and North Downs , through
1323-650: The BMWP scores and the more recent WHPT biotic index scores are very low, compared with a clean chalk stream like the River Mimram which has a biotic index of around 210. The best scoring area of the brook (close to the headwaters) has never gone above 32. Channel sediments are also heavily contaminated particularly with heavy metals, lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium are all extremely high. 51°38′17″N 0°09′17″W / 51.637927°N 0.154796°W / 51.637927; -0.154796 North London North London
1372-552: The Byng family, sits within Potters Bar and Barnet on 2,500 acres of land. The Byng family still own a lot of land in the Potters Bar area and The Admiral Byng pub in Darkes Lane is named after Admiral John Byng , who was executed for failing to obey orders in the Minorca campaign. In the early hours of 1 October 1916, Lieutenant Wulstan Tempest shot down Germany's most famous zeppelin,
1421-528: The Jain Temple at the Oshwal Centre, which "recreates a general Māru-Gurjara aesthetic". There are six primary and infant state schools in Potters Bar and the surrounding area; they are Cranborne School, Ladbrooke JMI, Little Heath Primary, Oakmere Primary, Pope Paul RC Primary and Wroxham School. Mount Grace School is a mixed grant maintained School in Potters Bar opened in 1954. Lochinver house school
1470-470: The Pymmes Brook valley floor. And east of Palmers Green, the brook crosses extensive Quaternary river terrace deposits laid down by the River Lea . As a west bank tributary of the lower River Lea, Pymmes Brook came into being about 400,000 years ago, after the Anglian glaciation . During that glaciation, ice from the north of England advanced at least as far south as Watford , Finchley and Chingford . Until
1519-773: The River Lea at Tottenham Hale , where the trail joins the Lea Valley Walk . The brook is marked thus on the Ordnance Survey map of 1877. In c.1200 it was called, Medeseye that is ' meadow marsh-stream ' from Old English mæd and sæge During the Middle Ages, it was known as the Medesenge , in the late 17th century as Millicents brook then, by the late 18th century as Bell brook . Pymmes Brook receives most of its water from urban run-off as overland flow or via surface water drains and combined sewage outfalls (CSOs). There
Pymmes Brook - Misplaced Pages Continue
1568-560: The base level of its tributary stream, Pymmes Brook. That would have enabled the brook to become further incised into the higher ground to the west of the Lea flood plain. The drainage pattern in this area continues to evolve. For example, the pronounced wind gap at the junction of Waggon Road and the A111, where Monken Mead Brook turns sharply to the south to become the upper part of Pymmes Brook, indicates that Monken Mead Brook once continued eastwards as
1617-792: The brook are underground springs at Hadley Common which are mentioned in reference to the penultimate battle in the Wars of the Roses at the Battle of Barnet . At this point it is known as Monken Mead Brook before flowing in a south-easterly direction to merge with the River Lee Navigation at Tottenham . It flows through East Barnet , where it is joined by a small tributary, the Shirebourne brook before flowing through New Southgate , Arnos Grove , Palmers Green and Edmonton . After flowing through Pymmes Park
1666-530: The brook can be seen at Fore Street, Edmonton before it flows underground and emerges south of the North Circular Road at Angel Road , where it is joined by Salmons Brook . The brook then flows parallel with the River Lee Navigation in Tottenham Marshes until it merges with the Lea near Ferry Lane A503 and Tottenham Lock . The main geological formation underlying the Pymmes Brook catchment area
1715-399: The case of Pymmes Brook immediately after the glaciation, that stream joined the River Lea somewhere around Broomfield Park , where there is a deposit of "Boyn Hill Gravel". That gravel, which is on the highest of the river terraces left by the post-Anglian lower River Lea, marks the line followed by the Lea after the retreat of the ice sheet. During the course of the following 400,000 years,
1764-637: The fiercest derbies in English football and one that separates families in north London." The games in the Premier League (and formerly the Football League ) are known formally as the North London derby. To date, 167 matches have been played with 66 wins for Arsenal, 54 wins for Spurs and 47 draws. In other matches, simply referred to generically as North London derbies, the 6 FA Cup contests resulted in 4 Arsenal victories to Spurs' 2 with no draws, while
1813-562: The first of five North London derbies to be held at Wembley Stadium . The 1991 Charity Shield is the sole occasion so far in which a trophy has been at stake, though in 1971 (0–1) and 2004 (2–2) Arsenal were crowned league champions at the final whistle of the North London derby in Tottenham. North London has, like other parts of London and the UK in general, a temperate maritime climate according to
1862-499: The government asked the Boundary Commission for England to reconsider the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies. The Commission's approach was to start with existing regions of England (in this case London) and then group the local authorities within that area into sub-regions for further sub-division. The North Thames sub-region includes all parts of London lying north of the river; the 19 boroughs which lie wholly north of
1911-485: The ice sheet covered the land, or whether they fashioned a substantially different landscape after the ice retreated. But it is known that today's tributaries of the upper Lea, such as the Rivers Mimram and Stort , follow broadly the same lines as pre-glaciation valleys, so, by analogy, it is quite possible that elements at least of the pre-glaciation topography of the lower Lea basin are reflected in today's relief. In
1960-453: The lower Lea moved steadily eastwards, leaving river terrace deposits of decreasing age and altitude as it did so, as well as a relatively steep eastern slope. (This eastward shift has been attributed to an underlying monocline .) Pymmes Brook thus extended its course eastwards from Broomfield Park, across the valley floor of the lower Lea, through Upper Edmonton , to Meridian Water . From Cockfosters down to Arnos Park , Pymmes Brook, like
2009-560: The most Jewish borough in the country. Potters Bar experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. The A1 was built as a major 'arterial' road and a crossroads at Bignells Corner linked it to the Barnet – St Albans road. Potters Bar is now also served by junctions 23 and 24 of the M25 motorway . Potters Bar railway station
Pymmes Brook - Misplaced Pages Continue
2058-406: The newly formed lower River Lea. They (and their own tributaries such as Bounds Green Brook) cut down successively through till left by the ice sheet, then through "Dollis Hill Gravel", and then into Eocene London Clay below. It is not known at present whether Pymmes Brook, and other west bank tributaries such as Salmons Brook and Cuffley Brook , followed valleys which had been in existence before
2107-517: The retreating Anglian ice sheet gave birth to a south-flowing lower River Lea , and that river cut into and followed in part the line of the former proto-Mole-Wey. It flowed into the newly diverted Thames, which at that time was spread over a wide flood plain extending as far north as Islington . And, as the ice sheet retreated, west bank tributaries of the lower Lea, such as Pymmes Brook, flowed eastwards and south-eastwards from higher ground running roughly south–north through Potters Bar , down towards
2156-616: The river, meaning some of the hillier northern margins of North London are often a degree or so cooler than those areas adjacent to the Thames. Occasionally snow can be seen to lie towards the Chilterns while central London is snow-free. Typically the warmest day of the year at Hampstead will average 29.3 °C (84.7 °F) with around 14 days in total achieving a value of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or higher. The average coldest night should fall to −5.6 °C (21.9 °F). On average 35.8 nights will report an air frost, some 119 days of
2205-503: The river, plus parts of cross-river Richmond upon Thames . An earlier 2013 study, whose recommendations were not adopted, took a different approach by assigning all of Richmond to the south. This list includes all boroughs included in the North Thames area: Football in the region is dominated by Premier League teams Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur . The two clubs contest the North London derby , which has been described as "one of
2254-455: The scene of three train crashes; two major and one minor. On 19 March 1898, a train crashed on the platform, but no one was killed or seriously injured. On the night of 10 February 1946, a local train hit buffers at the station, became derailed, and two express trains travelling in opposite directions struck the wreckage. On 10 May 2002, a northbound train derailed at high speed, killing seven people and seriously injuring another 11. On 10 May 2003,
2303-521: The year will register at least 1mm of precipitation, and on 7.4 days a cover of snow will be observed. All annual averages refer to the observation period 1971–2000. Potters Bar Potters Bar is a town in Hertfordshire , England, 13 miles (21 km) north of central London. In 2011, it had a population of 21,882. In the 2021 census, the four wards that make up Potters Bar - Bentley Heath & The Royds, Furzefield, Oakmere and Parkfield - had
2352-562: Was historically part of Middlesex and formed the Potters Bar Urban District of that county from 1934. From 1894 to 1934 its area had formed the South Mimms Rural District . In 1965 the district was transferred to Hertfordshire County Council while most of the rest of Middlesex County Council became part of Greater London . The urban district covered an area of 6,129 acres (24.80 km ). In 1939 it had
2401-690: Was reinforced by motorcar-based commuting until the establishment—shortly after the Second World War —of the Metropolitan Green Belt , which prevented urban London from expanding any further. The 2011 London Plan included a North sub-region, to be used for planning, engagement, resource allocation and progress reporting purposes. It consisted of the London Boroughs of Barnet , Haringey and Enfield . The 2004-2008 and 2008-2011 London Plan sub-regions varied in their composition. In 2017,
#959040