40-694: The Puri Estate was an estate ruled by the main branch of the Bhoi dynasty , who were reinstated in Puri in 1809 following the 1804 rebellion against the British and annexation of the Khurda Kingdom which were under their control. After the rebellion led by the Khurda king, Mukunda Deva II, the British decided to take control of the administration of the Khurda kingdom and Mukunda Deva II
80-644: A community of accountants or Bhoi. According to Historian KC. Panigrahi Bhoi rulers belonged to Karana caste. Historian Hermann Kulke while quoting KC. Panigrahi mentions the lineage of Govinda Vidyadhara's ancestors and their ancestral occupation, according to him Govinda Vidyadhara's ancestors were Karanas who were employed as writers in Gajapati Empire and had received land grants in Rajahmundry in Gajapati administration. Govinda Vidyadhara's younger son
120-517: A gift from the Brahmin (Ch. Polomen 婆羅門, Ma. Bolomen) envoy of a ruler whose Manchu name was Birakišora han of Utg’ali (Ch. Wutegali bilaqishila han 烏特噶里畢拉奇碩拉汗), who is described as a ruler in Eastern India. Hence referring to Birakisore Deva I of Khurda (1736–1793) who styled himself as Gajapati, the ruler of Utkala. Many of the gosains entering Tibet from China passed through his territory when visiting
160-486: A political institution through the possession of a sacred temple-city thus deriving its legitimacy from an older imperial tradition. Under Ramachandra Deva I, the patronage and pilgrimage of Jagannath temple at Puri resumed as he assumed its administrative control. He also constructed the Sakshigopal Temple at Sakhigopal near Puri. He also patronised Odia literature and arts as stability returned during his reign in
200-681: A republican system of government and it was followed up by the Odisha government which passed the Shri Jagannath Temple Act, 1955 formally took over the management and affairs of the temple. The Gajapati was hence retained as the Chairman of the Temple Managing Committee which the current head of the dynasty, Dibyasingha Deb fulfils along with the members of the committee appointed by the govt of Odisha. The ceremonial regnal title of
240-753: The Mughal Empire in 1576. During that period, the Bhoi dynasty and the feudatory Garhjat states of Odisha became autonomous states in their own right and came under the Mughal imperial authority till 1717. Later they became vassals of the Maratha Empire who conquered Odisha by 1741 and were later defeated by the British East India Company in 1803. The kingdom was eventually annexed to the British Empire after
280-736: The Nagpur kingdom , led the Maratha expeditions against the Nawabs of Bengal and during the reign of Birakesari Deva I, Maratha invasions of Bengal took place. In 1751 CE, Alivardi Khan signed a peace treaty and ceded the de jure control of the Northern coast from Cuttack up to the river Suvarnarekha , following which all of Odisha formally became a part of the Maratha Empire, thus ending the last remaining vestiges of Islamic rule over Odisha. The Aruna Stamba at
320-471: The Shri Jagannath Temple Act, 1955 formally took over the management and affairs of the temple. The Gajapati was retained as the Chairman of the Temple Managing Committee which the current head of the dynasty, Dibyasingha Deb fulfils along with the members of the committee appointed by the govt of Odisha. Another brother of Govinda Vidyadhara , Harisingh Vidyadhara had conquered the Dhenkanal region during
360-616: The British ultimately took over the region following the Treaty of Deogoan in 1803 and created the Orissa division within the Bengal Presidency . Conflicts with the British led Mukundeva Deva II to plot rebellions with the Paik leaders and local chieftains. The rebellion was discovered and suppressed and the kingdom was eventually annexed to the Orissa division in 1804. The kingdom's minister Jayi Rajaguru
400-634: The Chalukya dynasty began to grow at the court. He assassinated Narasimha Ray Jena and placed the King's younger brother, Raghuram Ray Chotaraya on the throne, making him his puppet ruler while also simultaneously fending off the influence of his rival, Janardhan Danai Vidyadhara, general and minister of Govinda Vidyadhara . The short-lived nearly two decade old reign of Bhoi dynasty as the ruling Kings of Odisha finally came to an end when Mukunda Deva assassinated Raghuram Ray Chotaraya and crowned himself in 1560. With
440-540: The Gajapati Maharaja is as follows: Shree Shree Shree Veerashree Gajapati Goudeswar Nabakotikarnatatkala Kalabaragesvara Viradhiviravar Bhuta Vairaba Sadhu Sasnotirna Routraja Atula Balaparakrama Sahasra Bahu Kshetriyakula Dhumaketu Maharaja Adhiraja (regnal name) The cyclical order the names of the Gajapati Maharaja: The heir to the current titular Gajapati, Dibyasingha Deva IV upon accession will take
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#1732851455417480-509: The Gajapati throne by killing 16 sons or heirs of Prataparudra Deva through treachery and after ascending the throne he took the regnal title of "Suvarnakeshari" as per Madala Panji , his rule was short-lived that for seven years only followed by his son Chakrapratapa. Govinda Vidyadhara founded the Vira-Govindapur Sasana for Brahmins and his son Chakrapratapa was the founder of RaiChakrapur Sasana for Brahmins. After ascending
520-629: The Jagannath temple at Puri. The Maratha Empire under the Peshwas were rapidly expanding over most of the Indian subcontinent and by 1741 had brought most of Odisha and the Barabati fort under their control and also brought the Khurda kingdom under Birakesari Deva I under their vassalage. The Bengal Nawab's control over the Northern coast lasted until 1741 when Maratha Empire led by general Raghoji I Bhonsle of
560-583: The King led a failed rebellion against the British in 1804 but later reinstated at Puri in 1809. Later, the British granted him the management of the Jagannath Temple which the nominal heads of the dynasty retained to this day. In other words, the Bhoi dynasty still has the administrative control over one of the holiest shrines in Hinduism , which is the Jagannath Temple at Puri. "Bhoi" or "Bhoimul" title
600-613: The Mughal sovereign authority by 1717 under his successor Harekrushna Deva. The Bhois also maintained minor maritime and international trade links, albeit much reduced from the heydays of the Eastern Ganga dynasty and Gajapati Empire . This is noted from the Manchu language memorials and edicts depicting contacts under the reign of Qing dynasty in China, when the Qianlong Emperor received
640-463: The Orissa region. Thus as Rajas of Puri, the Bhoi dynasty managed to compensate for the loss of political power by building a religious institution through the superintendence of the hereditary temple of the Gajapati kings of Orissa. This remained the case until independence when the Indian Constitution brought in a republican system of government following which the Odisha government through
680-503: The Sultan of Golconda Sultanate who had invaded southern Odisha, Govinda Vidyadhara had to spent eight months in fighting the Sultan in southern Odisha meanwhile Raghu Bhanja Chhottaraya a nephew of Prataparudra Deva started a rebellion in North Odisha with the help of an individual named Abdul Shah and managed to capture Cuttack , Govinda Vidyadhara rushed back to his capital after hearing
720-445: The administration of the temple and other religious endowments, Mukunda Deva II was allowed to return but was pensioned off to Puri in 1809 to remain as a titular head of the dynasty albeit reduced to the status of a Zamindar. He was however successful in persuading the British to allow him to retain control of the administration of the Jagannath temple in the sacred temple-city of Puri as it was an important socio-political institution in
760-513: The defeat of the Chalukya king Mukunda Deva at Cuttack in 1568 at the hands of the Sultans of Bengal who subsequently lost to the Mughals in 1576, the fragmentation of territories of former Odra kingdom was well underway as the territories and the Barabati fort at Cuttack came under Mughal imperial control while the native feudatory Kings had become autonomous and vassals to the imperial rule. Meanwhile
800-468: The hereditary temple of the Gajapati kings of Orissa by investing it in the institution of the Kings of Puri. Mukundeva Deva II's grandson Birakesari Deva II became the king in 1854 but since he was childless, he along with his wife, Rani Suryamani Patamahadei adopted a prince from the zamindari of Badakhemundi . With the prince's accession to the throne as Gajapati Dibyasingha Deva III in 1859. During his reign he
840-420: The independence of India. The title of Gajapati and the control of the Jagannath temple of Puri was in the hands of the rulers of the Bhoi dynasty who ruled as the chiefs of the Khurda kingdom. After the 1804 rebellion of Mukunda Deva II, the British confiscated the Khurda kingdom thus annexing it to the Orissa division. Mukunda Deva II was later reinstated at Puri in 1809 to continue as the titular Gajapati but
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#1732851455417880-421: The kingdom started weakening but had a short-lived reign as ruling chiefs of Odisha as the ensuing internal rivalries and constant threats of invasions rendered them weak and were eventually overthrown by Mukunda Deva of Chalukya Dynasty in 1560. Under Ramachandra Deva I , the dynasty shifted its capital to Khurda as Mukunda Deva lost his throne in 1568 to the Sultans of Bengal who eventually lost to
920-470: The kingdom was still undergoing political upheaval as there were rebellions in different provinces and conflicts with the neighbouring Qutb Shahi rulers of the Golconda Sultanate . His 7 year reign came to an end in 1548 and was succeeded by his son Chakrapratapa whose 8 year reign came to an end when he was killed by his son Narasimha Ray in 1557. Around the same time, the influence of Mukunda Deva of
960-687: The late 17th and early 18th century, with the weakening of the Mughal Empire after its conflicts with the Marathas in the Mughal–Maratha Wars , the Mughal imperial authority over Odisha region started weakening as a result. King Divyasingha Deva I managed to defeat the Subahdar of the Mughal Governor of Bengal in 1707 thereby reducing their influence over the kingdom which eventually became independent of
1000-539: The political chaos, the Gajapati Empire started weakening as Prataprudra Deva's successors were unable to maintain political authority. Taking de facto control of the situation, the general and minister of the kingdom, Govinda Vidyadhara decided to take the opportunity by murdering the successors of the Gajapati King and usurped the throne of Cuttack , thus laying the foundation of the Bhoi Dynasty. Under his reign,
1040-554: The region following a spate of invasions. His successors continued to rule the kingdom as autonomous vassals to the Mughal Empire while fending off influence of the Mughal governor at Cuttack and continuing patronage of arts, culture and literature. This period coincides with the Riti Yuga , which is an important phase in Odia literature considering the evolution of language from middle Odia of Sarala and Panchasakhas Yuga to modern Odia. Towards
1080-485: The region well into the early 1800s but by then their power had diminished. Then the Raja of Khurda along with other local chieftains led a series of rebellions against the British in 1804 which was suppressed. The Raja of Khurda was exiled but later reinstated and shifted to Puri. Govinda Vidyadhara Govinda Vidyadhara was the founder of Bhoi Dynasty in Eastern India. He belonged to writer caste and came from
1120-528: The regnal name of Mukunda Deva IV . The rulers of Puri and Gajapati Maharajah: Bhoi dynasty The Bhoi dynasty or the Yaduvamsa ( IAST : Yaduvaṃśa ) dynasty were a medieval Hindu dynasty from the Indian subcontinent , which originated in the region of Odisha that reigned from 1541 to 1560 CE. Govinda Vidyadhara had usurped the throne from the later weaker Suryavamsa Gajapati Empire rulers as
1160-469: The ruined Konark Temple was also brought over to the Jagannath Temple at Puri during the reign of Divyasingha Deva II. Under the reign of his son Mukundeva Deva II, the British started making inroads into the region and emerged as the strongest contenders after conquering the regions of Bengal, Awadh and much of Southern India. Eventually after the Maratha defeat in the Second Anglo-Maratha War ,
1200-536: The rule of Prataparudra Deva during the Gajapati Empire rule in 1530 CE and laid the foundation of Dhenkanal State . The princely state acceded to India and merged into the state of Odisha following independence in 1947. Bhoi dynasty's reign as rulers of Odisha lasted nearly two decades, as they were deposed by Mukunda Deva in 1560. The dynasty then shifted its power centre to Khurda where they continued as Rajas of Khurda led by Vidyadhara's minister's son Ramachandra Deva I. The Rajas of Khurda continued to rule
1240-406: The state was reduced to a Zamindari . However, he successfully retained the administrative control of the Jagannath temple in the sacred temple-city of Puri with the help of British legislation, as the title represented an important socio-political institution in the region of Orissa . Thus the loss of political power was compsensated by building a religious institution through the superintendence of
Puri Estate - Misplaced Pages Continue
1280-454: The surviving scion of the Bhoi dynasty led by the son of Danai Vidyadhara, Ramachandra Rautraya Mahapatra who took the regnal title as Ramachandra Deva I restored Bhoi rule by shifting the power centre by establishing the Khurda kingdom with their capital at Khurda . The extent of the kingdom ranged from Mahanadi river in the north to Khimidi in the South, while ranging from Khandapara-Daspalla in
1320-459: The third son of Raja Satchidananda Tribhuban Deb of the Bamra State as his heir. Lal Mohini Mohan Deb took the regnal name of Gajapati Ramachandra Deb IV upon accession to the throne of Puri and Gajapati on 14 February 1926. He remained at the helm as the superintendent of the hereditary temple of Puri until the independence of India in 1947. After independence, the Indian Constitution brought in
1360-441: The throne Govinda Vidyadhara was not recognised as Gajapati by the feudatory Gadajat states of Odisha as the rightful ruler as evident from his own "Jagamohana" inscription of Jagannath Temple, Puri in which he warned the feudatory states to stay loyal to him or else they will incur the wrath of Lord Jagannath for the sin of killing a Brahmana. Immediately after ascending the throne Govinda Vidyadhara came into conflict with
1400-425: The west to the coasts of Puri in the east. He also retained control of the Jagannath Temple at Puri. The temple's status as the residing place of Lord Jagannath , the patron deity of Odia people, enabled Ramachandra Dev and the Bhoi dynasty to continue the nominal status and legacy of retaining the regnal titles of the historical ruling Kings of Odisha. Hence the Bhoi dynasty lays the foundation and legitimation of
1440-413: Was also the founder of Peddapuram Zamindari of Andhra Pradesh . Kulke also mentions that there was an attempt made by later poets to connect the Bhoi rulers with other dynasties despite them being of writer caste lineage. Other historians like Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava and Francesco Brighenti have also affirmed that Bhoi rulers were of Karan (writer caste) descent. Govinda Vidyadhara had usurped
1480-422: Was executed for his role in the rebellion and following petitions, Mukunda Deva II was released and exiled to Cuttack and Midnapore but later was reinstated in 1809 and was allowed to retain his title. Following the 1804 rebellion of Mukunda Deva II, the British decided to take control of the administration of the Khurda kingdom which was hence annexed to the Orissa division. However due to uncertainties regarding
1520-424: Was exiled to Cuttack and Mindapore but was later reinstated and pensioned off to Puri to remain as a titular head of the dynasty while retaining control over the Jagannath Temple . They were the ruling kings of Puri and inherited the titular legacy of the historical ruling chiefs of Odisha invested in the title of Gajapati . They also exercised administrative control of the Jagannath Temple at Puri until
1560-406: Was involved in a court case which prompted the British to take over the administration of the temple but followed by the agitations and petitions of the temple priests decided to repeal and grant administration to the Gajapati's mother Rani Suryamani Patamahadei and recognised his son, Mukundeva Deva III as the next titular Gajapati. On 2 October 1918, Mukundeva Deva III adopted Lal Mohini Mohan Deb,
1600-532: Was used by writers and accountants of the Karan community of the ruling dynasties. With the death of Prataparudra Deva of the Suryavamsa Gajapati Empire in 1540 and a succession of weak rulers lead to the rise of political instability in the kingdom as there was a rise in internal squabbles, economic decline and increasing threats of invasions from both south and northern parts of the subcontinent. In
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