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87-506: The Pudu Prison ( Malay : Penjara Pudu , simplified Chinese : 半山芭监狱 ; traditional Chinese : 半山芭監獄 ; pinyin : Bànshānbā Jiānyù ), also known as Pudu Jail , was a prison in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . Built in phases by the British colonial government between 1891 and 1895, it stood on Jalan Shaw (now Jalan Hang Tuah). The construction began with its 394-metre prison wall at

174-624: A malaria outbreak in 1908. In 1911, Richard Alfred Ernest Clark, a former soldier of the third battalion of the Middlesex Regiment , was one of the European warders at Pudu Prison. Early in its history, Pudu Prison was the only prison in the state of Selangor and used to imprison men and women with short sentences. The prison was also self-sufficient as it had a vegetable garden that could produce enough food for its inmates annually. The prison later housed criminals including drug offenders and

261-535: A 38-year-old laboratory technician, hostage and brandished their makeshift knives (made from improvised items). Chua and his gang would hold both medical officers hostage for the following six days and five nights, and they demanded the police to reduce their respective criminal charges and to provide them cars and money in exchange for the freedom and safety of the two hostages, but the police did not back down. A former inmate, who spent time at Pudu Prison for drug consumption at that time, stated in 2010 that he remembered

348-509: A British national was also hanged for heroin trafficking. Jimmy Chua Chap Seng , the ringleader of the 1986 Pudu Prison siege , was found guilty of illegal possession of firearms and bullets under the Internal Security Act 1960 and hanged on 10 October 1989 after losing his appeal against the death sentence. Convicted killer Lee Chee Wai was hanged on 18 January 1984 for the 1981 murder of Laura Yap Fui Kheng . Some artifacts from

435-519: A cost of 16,000 Straits dollars , and had been adorned with the world's longest mural at one point in its history. The prison complex was largely demolished by December 2012 to make way for urban development. At the request of heritage conservationists and the public, the main gate and a portion of the exterior wall have been preserved and now form part of the park surrounding the Bukit Bintang City Centre development and mall, which occupies

522-644: A descendant of the Proto-Austronesian language , began to break up by at least 2000 BCE, possibly as a result of the southward expansion of Austronesian peoples into Maritime Southeast Asia from the island of Taiwan . The history of the Malay language can be divided into five periods: Old Malay, the Transitional Period, the Classical Malay, Late Modern Malay and Modern Malay. Old Malay is believed to be

609-518: A lingua franca derived from Classical Malay as well as Makassar Malay , which appears to be a mixed language . Malay historical linguists agree on the likelihood of the Malayic homeland being in western Borneo . A form known as Proto-Malayic was spoken in Borneo at least by 1000 BCE, it has been argued to be the ancestral language of all subsequent Malayic languages . Its ancestor, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian ,

696-555: A mid vowel [e, o] . Orthographic note : both /e/ and /ə/ are written with ⟨e⟩ . Orthographic /e, o/ are relatively rare, so the letter ⟨e⟩ usually represents /ə/ . There are some homographs; for example, perang is used for both /pəraŋ/ "war" and /peraŋ ~ piraŋ/ "blond". (In Indonesia, "blond" may be written perang or pirang .) Some analyses regard /ai, au, oi/ as diphthongs. However, [ai] and [au] can only occur in open syllables, such as cukai ("tax") and pulau ("island"). Words with

783-434: A phonetic diphthong in a closed syllable, such as baik ("good") and laut ("sea"), are actually two syllables. An alternative analysis therefore treats the phonetic diphthongs [ai] , [au] and [oi] as a sequence of a monophthong plus an approximant: /aj/ , /aw/ and /oj/ respectively. There is a rule of vowel harmony : the non-open vowels /i, e, u, o/ in bisyllabic words must agree in height, so hidung ("nose")

870-596: A prison, Pudu Prison was formally closed and the inmates were moved to Sungai Buloh Prison and Kajang Prison . It continued to be used until 2009 as a day-holding facility for prisoners attending court hearings. It was used as a museum for a period in 1997. Additionally, eight supporters of the Hindu Rights Action Force were arrested and incarcerated in Pudu Prison following the 2007 HINDRAF rally . They were later released due to lack of evidence. In June 2009,

957-431: A root word ( affixation ), formation of a compound word (composition), or repetition of words or portions of words ( reduplication ). Nouns and verbs may be basic roots, but frequently they are derived from other words by means of prefixes , suffixes and circumfixes . Malay does not make use of grammatical gender , and there are only a few words that use natural gender; the same word is used for 'he' and 'she' which

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1044-690: A threat. Charles Edwin Spooner , then-head of Selangor's Public Works Department , was the architect and project manager. Total project cost was $ 138,000. Construction began in 1891, using convicts as workforce. The cemetery was excavated and 500 remains were transferred. Prisoners were transferred to the incomplete prison in stages throughout construction from 1892 to 1895. While the prison's main block only "half-complete", all inmates from other smaller jails throughout Kuala Lumpur, totalling about 500, were relocated to Pudu Jail in May 1895. The first governor of Pudu Prison

1131-402: Is dia or for 'his' and 'her' which is dia punya . There is no grammatical plural in Malay either; thus orang may mean either 'person' or 'people'. Verbs are not inflected for person or number, and they are not marked for tense; tense is instead denoted by time adverbs (such as 'yesterday') or by other tense indicators, such as sudah 'already' and belum 'not yet'. On the other hand, there

1218-456: Is a complex system of verb affixes to render nuances of meaning and to denote voice or intentional and accidental moods . Malay does not have a grammatical subject in the sense that English does. In intransitive clauses, the noun comes before the verb. When there is both an agent and an object , these are separated by the verb (OVA or AVO), with the difference encoded in the voice of the verb. OVA, commonly but inaccurately called "passive",

1305-430: Is allowed but * hedung is not. Pronunciation Pronunciation Pronunciation Study by Uri Tadmor which was published in 2003 shows that mutation of ⟨a⟩ in final open syllable is an areal feature. Specifically, it is an areal feature of Western Austronesia. Uri Tadmor classify those types into four groups as below. Malay is an agglutinative language , and new words are formed by three methods: attaching affixes onto

1392-557: Is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei , Indonesia , Malaysia , and Singapore . It is also spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand . Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people (around 260 million in Indonesia alone in its own literary standard named " Indonesian ") across Maritime Southeast Asia . The language is pluricentric and a macrolanguage , i.e., several varieties of it are standardized as

1479-406: Is designated the bahasa persatuan/pemersatu ("unifying language" or lingua franca ) whereas the term "Malay" ( bahasa Melayu ) is domestically restricted to vernacular varieties of Malay indigenous to areas of Central to Southern Sumatra and West Kalimantan . Classical Malay , also called Court Malay, was the literary standard of the pre-colonial Malacca and Johor Sultanates and so

1566-477: Is divided into Bornean and Sumatran Malay; some of the most widely spoken Sumatran Malay dialects are Riau Malay , Langkat , Palembang Malay and Jambi Malay . Minangkabau , Kerinci and Bengkulu are believed to be Sumatran Malay descendants. Meanwhile, the Jakarta dialect (known as Betawi ) also belongs to the western Malay group. The eastern varieties, classified either as dialects or creoles , are spoken in

1653-623: Is not a tonal language . The consonants of Malaysian and also Indonesian are shown below. Non-native consonants that only occur in borrowed words, principally from Arabic, Dutch and English, are shown in brackets. Orthographic note : The sounds are represented orthographically by their symbols as above, except: Loans from Arabic : Malay originally had four vowels, but in many dialects today, including Standard Malay, it has six, with /i/ split into /i, e/ and /u/ split into /u, o/ . Many words are commonly pronounced variably, with either [i, u] or [e, o] , and relatively few words require

1740-554: Is not readily intelligible with the standard language , and the same is true with some lects on the Malay Peninsula such as Kedah Malay . However, both Brunei and Kedah are quite close. Malay is now written using the Latin script , known as Rumi in Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore or Latin in Indonesia, although an Arabic script called Arab Melayu or Jawi also exists. Latin script

1827-642: Is official in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Malay uses Hindu-Arabic numerals . Rumi (Latin) and Jawi are co-official in Brunei only. Names of institutions and organisations have to use Jawi and Rumi (Latin) scripts. Jawi is used fully in schools, especially the religious school, sekolah agama , which is compulsory during the afternoon for Muslim students aged from around 6–7 up to 12–14. Efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve Jawi in Malaysia, and students taking Malay language examinations in Malaysia have

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1914-515: Is similar to Kelantanese Malay, but the language has no official status or recognition. Owing to earlier contact with the Philippines , Malay words—such as dalam hati (sympathy), luwalhati (glory), tengah hari (midday), sedap (delicious)—have evolved and been integrated into Tagalog and other Philippine languages . By contrast, Indonesian has successfully become the lingua franca for its disparate islands and ethnic groups, in part because

2001-619: Is the basic and most common word order. The Malay language has many words borrowed from Arabic (in particular religious terms), Sanskrit , Tamil , certain Sinitic languages , Persian (due to historical status of Malay Archipelago as a trading hub), and more recently, Portuguese , Dutch and English (in particular many scientific and technological terms). There is a group of closely related languages spoken by Malays and related peoples across Brunei , Indonesia , Malaysia , Singapore , Southern Thailand , Kampung Alor in East Timor , and

2088-517: Is the lack of possessive pronouns (and suffixes) in eastern dialects. Manado uses the verb pe and Ambon pu (from Malay punya 'to have') to mark possession. So 'my name' and 'our house" are translated in western Malay as namaku and rumah kita but kita pe nama and torang pe rumah in Manado and beta pu nama , katong pu rumah in Ambon dialect. The pronunciation may vary in western dialects, especially

2175-608: The Cham alphabet are used by the Chams of Vietnam and Cambodia . Old Malay was written using Pallava and Kawi script, as evident from several inscription stones in the Malay region. Starting from the era of kingdom of Pasai and throughout the golden age of the Malacca Sultanate, Jawi gradually replaced these scripts as the most commonly used script in the Malay region. Starting from the 17th century, under Dutch and British influence, Jawi

2262-651: The Internal Security Act , and sentenced to death by the Kuala Lumpur High Court . Subsequently, the Supreme Court of Malaysia (now renamed the Federal Court of Malaysia ), the highest court of the nation, dismissed Chua's final appeal on 19 September 1988. Chua was hanged on 10 October 1989 at Pudu Prison , at the age of 42. Prior to his execution, Chua was given a last meal of meat and seafood bought by his family, and shared it with 28 other inmates at

2349-582: The Kidnapping Act , which carried either the death penalty or life imprisonment if found guilty. The prisoners, while pending trial, had to be on close watch by heavily armed guards to prevent them from committing suicide, and the mastermind Jimmy Chua, who went on trial for his other crimes before the Pudu case, had to be escorted by more than 20 heavily armed officers to ensure security. Eventually, in April 1987,

2436-471: The Pudu Prison siege took place. In this incident, a group of prisoners led by Jimmy Chua Chap Seng seized and held two members of the prison staff as hostages over a period of six days. The siege was resolved when Malaysian police stormed the prison. They successfully rescued the hostages and subdued the prisoners without loss of life. Chua was hanged for another crime he was detained for in Pudu Prison while

2523-690: The Guinness Book of Records as the longest mural in the world. Khong, as an inmate, was not able to complete the mural. He returned later as a free man and volunteered his time to complete his masterpiece Botak Chin , an infamous gangster who was allegedly betrayed by his own men, was executed here on 11 June 1981 for the possession of firearms. In the 1980s Leonard Glenn Francis " Fat Leonard " spent time interned there. In 1986 Kevin Barlow and Brian Chambers , both Australian nationals, were executed in Pudu Prison for trafficking heroin . In 1989, Derrick Gregory ,

2610-404: The Malay world of Southeast Asia, and was one of the oldest testimonies to the advent of Islam as a state religion in the region. It contains the proclamation issued by a ruler of Terengganu known as Seri Paduka Tuan, urging his subjects to extend and uphold Islam and providing 10 basic Sharia laws for their guidance. The classical Malay language came into widespread use as the lingua franca of

2697-1043: The Malayic languages spoken by the Orang Asli ( Proto-Malay ) in Malaya . They are Jakun , Orang Kanaq , Orang Seletar , and Temuan . The other Malayic languages, included in neither of these groups, are associated with the expansion of the Malays across the archipelago. They include Riau-Johor Malay ( Malaysian and Indonesian ), Kedah Malay , Kedayan/Brunei Malay , Berau Malay , Bangka Malay , Jambi Malay , Kutai Malay , Natuna Malay, Riau Malay , Loncong , Pattani Malay , and Banjarese . Menterap may belong here. There are also several Malay-based creole languages , such as Betawi , Cocos Malay , Makassar Malay , Ambonese Malay , Dili Malay , Kupang Malay , Manado Malay , Papuan Malay , Pattani Malay , Satun Malay , Songkhla Malay , Bangkok Malay , and Sabah Malay , which may be more or less distinct from standard (Malaccan) Malay. Due to

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2784-654: The actual ancestor of Classical Malay. Old Malay was influenced by Sanskrit, the classical language of India . Sanskrit loan words can be found in Old Malay vocabulary. The earliest known stone inscription in the Old Malay language was found in Sumatra , Indonesia, written in the Pallava variety of the Grantha alphabet and is dated 1 May 683. Known as the Kedukan Bukit inscription , it

2871-549: The colonial language, Dutch, is no longer commonly spoken. (In East Timor , which was governed as a province of Indonesia from 1976 to 1999, Indonesian is widely spoken and recognized under its Constitution as a 'working language'.) Besides Indonesian , which developed from the Riau Malay dialect, there are many Malay varieties spoken in Indonesia; they are divided into western and eastern groups. Western Malay dialects are predominantly spoken in Sumatra and Borneo , which itself

2958-725: The constitution as one of two working languages (the other being English ), alongside the official languages of Tetum and Portuguese . The extent to which Malay is used in these countries varies depending on historical and cultural circumstances. Malay is the national language in Malaysia by Article 152 of the Constitution of Malaysia , and became the sole official language in Peninsular Malaysia in 1968 and in East Malaysia gradually from 1974. English continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in

3045-505: The court moved to establish the Johor Sultanate, it continued using the classical language; it has become so associated with Dutch Riau and British Johor that it is often assumed that the Malay of Riau is close to the classical language. However, there is no closer connection between Malaccan Malay as used on Riau and the Riau vernacular. Among the oldest surviving letters written in Malay are

3132-463: The death of Chua left a huge impact on the trial outcome, as it posed a question of whether or not the kidnapping charges could be substantiated against his accomplices with his alleged ransom attempts being uncorroborated and unverified without his testimony or cross-examination. Leading criminal lawyer Karpal Singh , who represented two of the five accomplices, argued that the purported demands of ransom made by Chua, allegedly on behalf of himself and

3219-478: The death penalty. Chua roped in five detainees to join him. Three of the prisoners – 32-year-old Lam Hok Sung (林福生), 24-year-old Ng Lai Huat (黃來發) and 19-year-old Sim Ah Lan (沈亞南) – were pending trial for firearm offences under the Internal Security Act , while the remaining two – 27-year-old Pang Boon Boo (方文武) and 21-year-old Yap See Keong (葉志強) – were charged for assault and rioting respectively. Similar to Chua himself, Lam, Ng and Sim were at risk of facing

3306-481: The early settlement of a Cape Malay community in Cape Town , who are now known as Coloureds , numerous Classical Malay words were brought into Afrikaans . The extent to which Malay and related Malayan languages are used in the countries where it is spoken varies depending on historical and cultural circumstances. Malay is the national language in Malaysia by Article 152 of the Constitution of Malaysia , and became

3393-474: The eastern part of the Malay or Nusantara archipelago and include Makassar Malay , Manado Malay , Ambonese Malay , North Moluccan Malay , Kupang Malay , Dili Malay , and Papuan Malay . The differences among both groups are quite observable. For example, the word kita means 'we, us' in western, but means 'I, me' in Manado, whereas 'we, us" in Manado is torang and Ambon katong (originally abbreviated from Malay kita orang 'we people'). Another difference

3480-470: The eastern wall of the Pudu Prison complex was demolished to make way for a road-widening project. By December 2012, all buildings within the Pudu Prison complex were completely demolished. The government agreed to maintain a part of the exterior wall and landmark main gate after being petitioned by conservationists and the general public. These remaining features have been incorporated into the fountain park forming part of Mitsui Lalaport Mall, which now occupies

3567-590: The far southern parts of the Philippines . They have traditionally been classified as Malay, Para-Malay, and Aboriginal Malay, but this reflects geography and ethnicity rather than a proper linguistic classification. The Malayic languages are mutually intelligible to varying extents, though the distinction between language and dialect is unclear in many cases. Para-Malay includes the Malayic languages of Sumatra . They are: Minangkabau , Central Malay (Bengkulu), Pekal , Talang Mamak , Musi (Palembang), Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia), and Duano’ . Aboriginal Malay are

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3654-544: The five accomplices of Chua pleaded guilty to reduced charges of wrongful confinement and abduction, therefore escaping a possible death sentence. Yap and Pang were each sentenced to three years in jail while the remaining three were jailed for five years each. However, despite evading the gallows for the Pudu hostage incident, one of the five men, Lam, was separately sentenced to hang for a firearms offence in 1988 in another trial and likely executed after losing his final appeal in 1997. The Pudu Prison incident brought light to

3741-473: The five, should not be used against his clients and the other accused persons, partly given that Chua had died and there was no way to verify the validity of these alleged ransom requests as hearsay evidence against the five remaining defendants. Karpal's objections, as well as similar arguments made by other lawyers of the defendants, were accepted by the trial court, which ruled that Chua's alleged demands cannot be admitted as hearsay evidence. On 16 March 1990,

3828-401: The gallows if convicted of the firearm offences they were indicted for. Sim reportedly joined in the plot as he was dissatisfied with the poor living conditions. On 17 October 1986, Chua and his five accomplices were taken to the prison medical unit to undergo a routine checkup. Upon entry, Chua and his accomplices took Dr. Radzi Jaffar, a 45-year-old skin specialist and Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid,

3915-409: The gang of six shouting at all the other prisoners to go back to their cells in Malay, "Semua Masuk Bilik!". Some of the prison staff and inmates – including ex-politician Mokhtar Hashim (who was serving a life sentence for murder at the prison) – present at the medical center were forced out of the center, before the gang of six locked themselves in the centre with the hostages. The two hostages told

4002-522: The gang of six was ordered to stand trial at the High Court on a later date, and the trial took place in March 1990. However, prior to the kidnapping trial, Chua was since separately convicted and executed in 1989 for the other offences he committed prior to the Pudu Prison case, and therefore he was neither put on trial nor convicted for his role in the prison incident. The court proceedings later continued against

4089-465: The general inmate population was not allowed to go out of their cells for bath time. Two bomohs suggested that they should conduct rituals with hopes to make the six surrender themselves, but the prison authorities denied inviting the bomohs. It was reported that throughout the six days when the incident was ongoing, the pressure of the situation began to take a toll on the inmates, who all began to have second thoughts of backing out. Eventually, one of

4176-563: The government finally decided to demolish the complex by developing it in phases. When the MP for Bukit Bintang , Fong Kui Lun ( DAP ) asked why the building was not being retained as part of Malaysia's heritage, Deputy Finance Minister Awang Adek Hussain ( UMNO - BN ) replied: "In our opinion, it's not something to be proud of." The hanging chamber, along with the prison hospital, were the first structures to be torn down in October that year. In June 2010,

4263-514: The highlands of Sumatra , Indonesia . Terengganu Inscription Stone (Malay: Batu Bersurat Terengganu ; Jawi: باتو برسورت ترڠݢانو ) is a granite stele carrying inscription in Jawi script that was found in Terengganu, Malaysia is the earliest evidence of classical Malay inscription. The inscription, dated possibly to 702 AH (corresponds to 1303 CE), constituted the earliest evidence of Jawi writing in

4350-448: The infamy of Chua endured through time. The prison itself eventually went defunct, and the prison building was demolished by 2012. 24 years after the Pudu Prison siege, the case was featured in a documentary in 2010, titled the " Beyond Bars: KL's Pudu Prison ". A month after he masterminded the Pudu Prison siege, on 21 November 1986, 39-year-old Jimmy Chua was tried and found guilty of illegal possession of firearms and ammunition under

4437-554: The language is sometimes called Malacca, Johor or Riau Malay (or various combinations of those names) to distinguish it from the various other Malayic languages . According to Ethnologue 16, several of the Malayic varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the Orang Asli varieties of Peninsular Malay , are so closely related to standard Malay that they may prove to be dialects. There are also several Malay trade and creole languages (e.g. Ambonese Malay ) based on

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4524-746: The languages' words for kinship, health, body parts and common animals. Numbers, especially, show remarkable similarities. Within Austronesian, Malay is part of a cluster of numerous closely related forms of speech known as the Malayic languages , which were spread across Malaya and the Indonesian archipelago by Malay traders from Sumatra. There is disagreement as to which varieties of speech popularly called "Malay" should be considered dialects of this language, and which should be classified as distinct Malay languages. The vernacular of Brunei— Brunei Malay —for example,

4611-621: The leader of a secret society. The exact details of Chua's criminal history was scarce, but on 8 February 1984, Chua was involved in the murder of a policeman in Malaysia . On that date itself, Chua, who was then committing vehicle theft in Jalan Changkat Abdullah, Kuala Lumpur , was arrested by Police Constable (PC) Mohamed Yassin bin Ismail (also spelt Mohamed Yasin bin Ismail). PC Mohamed Yassin

4698-454: The letters from Sultan Abu Hayat of Ternate , Maluku Islands in present-day Indonesia , dated around 1521–1522. The text is addressed to the king of Portugal , following contact with Portuguese explorer Francisco Serrão . The letters show sign of non-native usage; the Ternateans used (and still use) the unrelated Ternate language , a West Papuan language , as their first language . Malay

4785-473: The loss of his father was likely to have caused him to gradually turn to a life of crime. Prior to 1984, one of Chua's siblings, his sixth brother, died at age of 24 due to an illness. Chua joined the Singapore Police Force in 1966, and three years later, he rose to become a police investigator. However, Chua was later dismissed due to professional misconduct. News reports in 1972 revealed that Chua

4872-478: The national language ( bahasa kebangsaan or bahasa nasional ) of several nation states with various official names: in Malaysia, it is designated as either Bahasa Malaysia (" Malaysian ") or also Bahasa Melayu ("Malay language"); in Singapore and Brunei, it is called Bahasa Melayu ("Malay language"); in Indonesia, an autonomous normative variety called Bahasa Indonesia (" Indonesian language ")

4959-431: The option of answering questions using Jawi. The Latin script, however, is the most commonly used in Brunei and Malaysia, both for official and informal purposes. Historically, Malay has been written using various scripts. Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using the Pallava , Kawi and Rencong scripts; these scripts are no longer frequently used, but similar scripts such as

5046-408: The police to end the crisis, was transferred to Kajang Prison with better living conditions, as part of a condition behind his assistance of the authorities. Pang's father, who visited his son with his wife, younger son (Pang's brother) and grandson (Pang's child) during the hostage situation, also confirmed to the press that his son wanted to back out but Chua berated him for being cowardly. After

5133-403: The press after their rescue that the six captors threatened to harm them during the siege. Prisons Department director-general, Datuk Ibrahim Mohamed, took charge of formulating a plan to arrest Chua and his gang and to save the hostages, and none of the outsiders were allowed to enter the prison for fear of jeopardizing the rescue operation, and elite police units were deployed to stake out at

5220-449: The prison compound. Food were continually sent in to the medical center, but the inmates allowed only the hostages to eat the food while they sustained themselves on snacks left in the medical center. The police and government officials also attempted to negotiate with the gang of six to release the hostages and surrender themselves, and many of the gang's family members, including Chua's eight-year-old son and 66-year-old mother, went into

5307-407: The prison to persuade the six to give themselves up to the police. Malaysian politician Lee Lam Thye also offered to become a hostage in place of the two medical officers. Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad , who was concerned with a potential political fallout should bloodshed happened in the crisis, ordered the police to not resort to violence unless necessary. The prison was under lockdown and

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5394-665: The prison, including the fountain and the gable inscribed with the year "1895", were preserved and exhibited at the Malaysia Prison Museum in Bandar Hilir , Malacca ; the museum itself being a former colonial prison opened in 1860. [REDACTED] Media related to Pudu Prison at Wikimedia Commons 3°08′27″N 101°42′30″E  /  3.140773°N 101.708443°E  / 3.140773; 101.708443 Malay language Malay ( / m ə ˈ l eɪ / mə- LAY ; Malay: Bahasa Melayu , Jawi : بهاس ملايو )

5481-414: The problems experienced at the prison, including the overcrowding of Pudu Prison and the poor living conditions faced by the inmates. There were calls for improvement of the prison's living environment itself. Throughout the following decades after it occurred, the Pudu Prison siege was known to be one of Malaysia's shocking crimes and its first, yet unprecedented incident of a prison hostage situation, and

5568-693: The pronunciation of words ending in the vowel 'a'. For example, in some parts of Malaysia and in Singapore, kita (inclusive 'we, us, our') is pronounced as /kitə/ , in Kelantan and Southern Thailand as /kitɔ/ , in Riau as /kita/ , in Palembang as /kito/ , in Betawi and Perak as /kitɛ/ and in Kedah and Perlis as /kitɑ/. Jimmy Chua Chap Seng Born on 28 August 1947 in Singapore , Chua Chap Seng, also known as Jimmy Chua,

5655-528: The region during the Malacca Sultanate era (1402–1511). It was the period the Malay language developed rapidly under the influence of Islamic literature. The development changed the nature of the language with massive infusion of Arabic , Sanskrit , and Tamil vocabularies, called Classical Malay . Under the Sultanate of Malacca the language evolved into a form recognisable to speakers of modern Malay. When

5742-440: The remaining five suspects in the absence of Chua. It was the prosecution's case that the alleged demands made by Chua to the police that his associates and himself should be given money and getaway vehicles in exchange for the freedom of the hostages they kidnapped, and by strict application of the law, Chua's demands amounted to a ransom and it formed the basis of their case against Chua's five accomplices for kidnapping. However,

5829-411: The rest were jailed for wrongful confinement and abduction. As Kuala Lumpur entered the 1990s, concerns were raised about the viability of the prison's location on prime real estate. Security was a major issue due to the prison's proximity to fast-rising commercial developments such as Imbi and Bukit Bintang. Additionally, the prison layout and facilities had become obsolete. In 1996, after 101 years as

5916-462: The safe return of the hostages, Datuk Ibrahim was praised for the successful closure of the horrific chapter that shook the prison and the whole country alike. In June 1987, about a year after the incident, one of the police officers who contributed to the arrest of Chua and his gang was awarded for his efforts. On 11 December 1986, Chua and his five accomplices – Lam, Ng, Sim, Pang and Yap – were charged with kidnapping for ransom under Section 3(1) of

6003-426: The site of the former prison. Pudu Prison, also known as Pudu Jail (Pudu Gaol using 19th century spelling), was built on the site of a former Chinese burial ground. The site was chosen as Pudu, at the time a dense jungle area, with tigers occasionally roaming around, was close to Kuala Lumpur's then central business district (it was about one mile from Sultan Abdul Samad Building ) but sufficiently isolated to be

6090-473: The site of the prison. The site was redeveloped by the BBCC Development Sdn Bhd, a joint venture between EcoWorld, UDA and EPF Board, into the Bukit Bintang City Centre . In 2022, Bukit Bintang City Centre was opened. In 1984, an inmate named Khong Yen Chong used some 2,000 litres of paint to create an impressive mural of tropical scenes. It measured some 860 feet by 14 feet and was mentioned in

6177-458: The six prisoners, Pang Boon Boo, decided to betray his five partners and came into contact with Datuk Ibrahim, and helped the police to enter the prison medical center. After Pang, whose identity was originally withheld in earlier media sources, gave a signal, a team of policemen, armed with canes and wooden sticks, barged into the center and subdued Chua and his associates while rescuing both Abdul Aziz and Radzi, who were unharmed. Pang, who helped

6264-583: The sole official language in West Malaysia in 1968, and in East Malaysia gradually from 1974. English continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in the superior courts. Other minority languages are also commonly used by the country's large ethnic minorities. The situation in Brunei is similar to that of Malaysia. In Singapore, Malay was historically the lingua franca among people of different nationalities. Although this has largely given way to English, Malay still retains

6351-435: The status of national language and the national anthem , Majulah Singapura , is entirely in Malay. In addition, parade commands in the military, police and civil defence are given only in Malay. Most residents of the five southernmost provinces of Thailand —a region that, for the most part, used to be part of an ancient Malay kingdom called Pattani —speak a dialect of Malay called Yawi (not to be confused with Jawi), which

6438-590: The superior courts. Other minority languages are also commonly used by the country's large ethnic minorities. The situation in Brunei is similar to that in Malaysia. In the Philippines , Indonesian is spoken by the overseas Indonesian community concentrated in Davao City . Functional phrases are taught to members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines as well as local students. Malay, like most Austronesian languages,

6525-474: The suspect, after they found the suspect to have possible links to a gang of vehicle thieves from Singapore (where similar cases with the same modus operandi occurred). Chua was arrested by the Malaysian police at Jalan Khoo Teik Ee on 14 February 1984, six days after PC Mohamed Yassin's death, and thereby charged with murder. As Chua was found to be in illegal possession of a .32 Llama pistol and six bullets at

6612-416: The time of his arrest, he was additionally charged with illegal possession of firearms and ammunition. Under the laws of Malaysia, either of the charges which Chua faced could warrant the death penalty if found guilty. Chua was remanded at Pudu Prison since 13 August 1984 while awaiting trial for the above offences. In April 1985, Chua escaped from hospital while receiving treatment for an illness. He

6699-492: Was Lt. Col. J.A.B. Ellen. During construction and early operation, from 1893 through 1895, an outbreak of cholera and dysentery struck the prison and killed a number of inmates. The epidemic peaked in August 1895, coinciding with an unusually dry weather, resulting in 126 recorded cases, including 68 fatalities in that month alone. The epidemic was blamed on the prison's water supply system, which relied on an existing well which

6786-680: Was a location for administering corporal punishment by caning . The canings were administered in a special "caning area", so marked, which was not inside the main building but on the prison grounds. During the Japanese occupation in World War II , the jail was briefly used as a POW camp after Kuala Lumpur fell in January, to October 1942, when most of the POWs were transferred to Changi Prison , Singapore . Over 1,000 POWs were held there in mid-1942. In 1986,

6873-612: Was discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra , on the banks of the Tatang, a tributary of the Musi River . It is a small stone of 45 by 80 centimetres (18 by 31 in). For centuries, Srivijaya , through its expansion, economic power and military prowess, was responsible for the widespread of Old Malay throughout the Malay Archipelago . It

6960-436: Was eventually recaptured at Seremban after a manhunt, and taken back to Pudu Prison, where he was detained since 1984 while awaiting trial. On 17 October 1986, the second year of his incarceration at Pudu Prison, 39-year-old Jimmy Chua, together with five fellow prisoners, orchestrated a prison escape attempt. Knowing the imminent fact that he would be sentenced to death, Chua decided to escape from prison in order to avoid

7047-452: Was gradually replaced by the Rumi script. Malay is spoken in Brunei , Indonesia , Malaysia , East Timor , Singapore and southern Thailand . Indonesia regulates its own normative variety of Malay, while Malaysia and Singapore use a common standard. Brunei, in addition to Standard Malay, uses a distinct vernacular dialect called Brunei Malay . In East Timor , Indonesian is recognised by

7134-565: Was handcuffing Chua when Chua managed to raise his free hand to grab a pistol, and he fired the gun thrice at point blank, and the three shots hit PC Mohamed Yassin on the abdomen and chest. PC Mohamed Yassin, then 27 years old, died one hour after he was rushed to a nearby hospital. Chua managed to evade the police for several days after the murder, and the Royal Malaysia Police , in an effort to trace PC Mohamed Yassin's killer, sought help from their Singaporean counterparts to search for

7221-473: Was one of the four police officers charged in a bribery case, and Chua was sentenced to jail for 15 months as a result. In his adulthood, Chua reportedly had three wives in Malaysia. He had two sons (born in 1974 and 1978 respectively) from his three marriages. After the end of his short-lived police career, Jimmy Chua Chap Seng turned to a life of crime, and was allegedly involved in several other criminal activities, including possessing firearms and acting as

7308-458: Was sourced from under the burial ground previously on the site. The well's water source also came under contamination from effluent from a vegetable garden in a nearby village. The cholera epidemic was put under control by the end of August 1895, as fresh water was carried from reservoirs in Ampang . Outbreaks of beriberi have also plagued the prison during its first decade in operation, as well as

7395-550: Was the third of seven sons and three daughters in his family, and grew up in a kampung in Bukit Panjang . His father died when he was 13, and his mother singlehandedly brought him and his siblings up, and made a living by raising pigs at Bukit Batok and selling fish at a market. Chua was described to be an obedient child and quiet schoolboy, and a year after his father's death, Chua dropped out of Bukit Panjang Government High School . According to his neighbours and family in Singapore,

7482-601: Was the working language of traders and it was used in various ports, and marketplaces in the region. Other evidence is the Tanjung Tanah Law in post-Pallava letters. This 14th-century pre-Islamic legal text was produced in the Adityawarman era (1345–1377) of Dharmasraya , a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that arose after the end of Srivijayan rule in Sumatra . The laws were for the Minangkabau people , who today still live in

7569-903: Was used solely as a lingua franca for inter-ethnic communications. Malay is a member of the Austronesian family of languages, which includes languages from Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean , with a smaller number in continental Asia . Malagasy , a geographic outlier spoken in Madagascar in the Indian Ocean , is also a member of this language family. Although these languages are not necessarily mutually intelligible to any extent, their similarities are often quite apparent. In more conservative languages like Malay, many roots have come with relatively little change from their common ancestor, Proto-Austronesian language . There are many cognates found in

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