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43-716: Public Art Fund was founded in 1977 by Doris C. Freedman who served as the first Director of New York City 's Department of Cultural Affairs , the President of the Municipal Art Society , and a tireless supporter of New York City's Percent for Art legislation. Public Art Fund was born from the merger of two preexisting organizations, CityWalls, which was founded in 1966, and the Public Arts Council, founded in 197). Working with artists and museums, Public Art Fund works to bring artwork outside of traditional spaces and into

86-502: A Master Plan for the Civic Center, which included an ambitious public improvements program. The program included plans for new buildings for City and State agencies, significant street widening and major housing construction in adjacent areas. A study conducted eight years later highlighted the progress made, emphasizing the widening of Adams Street (and later Boerum Place), which created a long and sweeping approach to Downtown Brooklyn from

129-468: A United States activist is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a politician from the state of New York is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Downtown Brooklyn Downtown Brooklyn is the third largest central business district in New York City (after Midtown Manhattan and Lower Manhattan ), and is located in the northwestern section of

172-595: A commercial center, and the heart of the City of Brooklyn . The city was home to many prominent abolitionists at a time when most of New York was indifferent to slavery. Many Brooklyn churches agitated against legalized slavery in the 1850s and 1860s and some acted as safehouses as part of the Underground Railroad movement. Walt Whitman was fired from his job as a reporter at the Brooklyn Eagle due to his support for

215-681: A couple of black-and-white cookies during an October 2013 visit with Bill de Blasio . 9 DeKalb Avenue , a residential skyscraper adjacent to the Dime Savings Bank of New York . Upon completion, it became the first supertall building in Brooklyn and the tallest structure in New York City outside of Manhattan. Cadman Plaza Park, named for the historically prominent (and Brooklyn-based) liberal Protestant clergyman/broadcaster S. Parkes Cadman , provides 10 acres (40,000 m ) of green space in

258-563: A fully furnished, modern living room; and Jeppe Hein 's Please Touch the Art (2015) at Brooklyn Bridge Park . In In 2017, Public Art Fund is celebrating its 40th anniversary with the citywide group exhibition Commercial Break , Liz Glynn 's Open House at Doris C. Freedman Plaza, Anish Kapoor 's Descension at Brooklyn Bridge Park, and Ai Weiwei 's Good Fences Make Good Neighbors . Doris Freedman Doris Chanin Freedman (1928–1981)

301-500: A master's degree in social work from Columbia University. From 1971 to 1980 Freedman was the president of City Walls Inc. , a not-for-profit organization , established in 1969 which worked with artists and communities to revitalize New York City through public art and had sponsored more than fifty murals . In 1971, she founded the Public Arts Council ; “both organizations provided technical assistance and financial support for

344-571: A modernized Brooklyn Bridge. By the late 1960s, the patterns of transition that affected much of urban America initiated concern to protect the borough's Central Business District from deterioration. In 1969, a comprehensive plan for the entire city was completed and in the report the City Planning Commission stated, "Downtown Brooklyn's economy is vital to the borough and important to the entire metropolitan region." In re-affirming Downtown Brooklyn's central role and identifying its problems,

387-500: A portion of their budgets on art. Freedman also hosted the radio show Artists in the City on WNYC . The southeast entrance of Central Park in Manhattan , located on Grand Army Plaza at 60th Street and Fifth Avenue , was dedicated to Freedman by Mayor Edward I. Koch in 1981. The Doris C. Freedman Plaza in her honor. It is the site of rotating sculptural art installations presented by

430-771: A semi annual magazine and exhibition catalog which provides its audience with a summary of the organizations activities and achievements. Public Art Fund has collaborated with many New York City institutions, including the Whitney Museum of American Art for the Whitney Biennial , Outdoors in Central Park (2002, 2004), and the Museum of Modern Art for Francis Alÿs ’ The Modern Procession (2002). Early exhibition highlights include Agnes Denes ’ Wheatfields for Manhattan (1982), David Hammons ’ Higher Goals (1986), and Messages to

473-642: A wide variety of projects, and developed programs to explore the potential of urban public spaces”. In 1977 she founded the Public Art Fund of the City of New York by merging City Walls and the Public Arts Council. Freedman served as New York City's first Director of Cultural Affairs during the Lindsay Administration, and as President of the Municipal Art Society . Greatly through her efforts New York City introduced Percent for Art legislation in 1982, which requires civil construction projects to spend

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516-561: The Abrons Arts Center on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Recent exhibition highlights include Olafur Eliasson 's The New York City Waterfalls (2008), which created man-made waterfalls at four sites on New York City's waterfront; Rob Pruitt 's The Andy Monument , a tribute to Andy Warhol at Union Square (2011), Tatzu Nishi 's Discovering Columbus (2012), which reimagined the 13-foot-tall statue of Columbus standing in

559-791: The Cranberry Street Tunnel provide that service. Slightly farther north, the Manhattan Bridge ( B , ​ D ​, N , and ​ Q trains) and Rutgers Street Tunnel ( F and <F> ​ trains) also feed subway trains from the Lower East Side into Downtown Brooklyn. Major stations in the neighborhood are: A $ 130 million capital project to connect Lawrence Street–MetroTech ( N , R , and ​ W trains) and Jay Street–Borough Hall ( A , ​ C ​, and F and <F> ​ trains), which also included renovation of both stations,

602-797: The Doris C. Freedman Plaza ; Alexander Calder in New York at the City Hall Park (2006) ; and Material World (2005) at the MetroTech Commons on Downtown Brooklyn , which featured new commissions by Rachel Foullon , Corin Hewitt , Matthew Day Jackson , Peter Kreider, and Mamiko Otsubo. Public Art Fund moved into a new territory when it announced it would present 2001 Turner Prize winner Martin Creed 's performance art piece, Variety Show, on March 30, 2007 at

645-888: The IRT Lexington Avenue Line ( 4 and ​ 5 trains) via the Joralemon Street Tunnel , the BMT Broadway and BMT Nassau Street Lines ( N , R , and ​ W trains) via the Montague Street Tunnel , the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line ( 2 and ​ 3 trains) via the Clark Street Tunnel and the IND Eighth Avenue Line ( A and ​ C trains) via

688-537: The NYU Tandon School of Engineering and its surrounding Downtown Brooklyn-based campus. Downtown Brooklyn is part of Brooklyn Community District 2 and its primary ZIP Codes are 11201 and 11217. It is patrolled by the 84th and 88th Precincts of the New York City Police Department . This area was originally inhabited by Lenape Native Americans , until the 17th century. The area close to

731-636: The Wallabout Bay was called Rinnegokonk. At that time the Dutch arrived, gained control of the land, and called it Breuckelen. The waterfront area being sold by Indians to Joris Jansen Rapelje , who used the land for farm purposes. Until 1814, Downtown Brooklyn and Brooklyn Heights remained sparsely populated. Robert Fulton 's new steam ferry then began to offer an easy commuting option to and from downtown Manhattan. It made Brooklyn Heights Manhattan's first suburb , and put Downtown Brooklyn on its way to becoming

774-755: The Wilmot Proviso when he lived at Willoughby and Myrtle Avenues . A group of buildings at 223, 225, 227, 231, 233, and 235 Duffield Street, in addition to the African Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal Church located in MetroTech Center, were believed to be among the safehouses. The middle 19th century growth of the Port of New York caused shipping to spill over into the City of Brooklyn; many buildings now used for other purposes were built as warehouses and factories. Manufacturing intensified with

817-650: The borough of Brooklyn . The neighborhood is known for its office and residential buildings, such as the Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower and the MetroTech Center office complex. Since the rezoning of Downtown Brooklyn in 2004, the area has been undergoing a transformation, with $ 9 billion of private investment and $ 300 million in public improvements underway. The area is a growing hub for education. In 2017, New York University announced that it would invest over $ 500 million to renovate and expand

860-590: The Borough Hall Greenmarket , featuring fresh produce from local farmers, operates on the plaza fronting Borough Hall. Formerly called Supreme Court Plaza, the location was renamed as Columbus Park in 1986. MetroTech Center , a business and educational center, lies between Flatbush Avenue and Jay Street, above the Jay Street – MetroTech subway station, north of the Fulton Street Mall , and south of

903-642: The Brooklyn Main Post Office at 271 Cadman Plaza East. Downtown Brooklyn is connected with Manhattan by the Brooklyn and Manhattan Bridges. The neighborhood has extensive public transportation accessibility; it is served by the New York City Subway and many bus lines. All but one Manhattan trunk line in Lower Manhattan has a direct connection to Downtown Brooklyn. From south to north,

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946-467: The Lost Glove , a giant glove made of red plastic resin, which was bolted to the traffic triangle where Fifth Avenue and Broadway cross at 23rd Street , and worked with him again in 2000 with The Palace of Projects , which was shown at the 69th Regiment Armory . Other New York City projects included Nancy Rubins ' Big Pleasure Point (2006) at Lincoln Center ; Corner Plot (2006) by Sarah Sze at

989-529: The Plan was optimistic that a combination of public and private efforts would stimulate office and commercial construction. A 23-story privately financed office tower at Boerum Place and Livingston Street opened in 1971 and the anticipated growth of the Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) succeeded far beyond expectations, giving this cultural institution an important role as a symbolic anchor amid increasing decay during

1032-836: The Public (1982–1990), a series of projects created for Times Square 's Spectacolor board that featured work by over 70 artists including Jenny Holzer , Keith Haring , Barbara Kruger , Vito Acconci , Lynne Tillman , Alfredo Jaar , Richard Prince , and the Guerilla Girls . In the late 1980s and into the 1990s, the organization commissioned socially conscious pieces such as Felix Gonzalez-Torres ’ “Untitled” billboard (1989), Gran Fury 's “Women don't get AIDS…they just die from it” poster (1991), Guerilla Girls ’ billboard project for Public Art Fund's PSA: Public Service Art exhibition series (1991), and Barbara Kruger 's Bus (1997). In 1997, Public Art Fund organized Ilya Kabakov 's Monument to

1075-473: The Public Art Fund. In 1982 the Doris C. Freedman Award , dedicated to her memory was established by Executive Order by Mayor Koch . The Award honors “an individual or organization for a contribution to the people of the City of New York that greatly enriches the public environment”. Her daughter Susan K. Freedman is currently president of the Public Art Fund. This biographical article about

1118-685: The area in the next five years. In January 2008, residents started moving into the new residential buildings, according to a New York Sun article. The New York City Department of City Planning approved another, significant rezoning for portions of Downtown Brooklyn, including the Fulton Mall area, which resulted in significant expansion of office space and ground-floor retail, such as those at City Point . The rezoning consists of "zoning map and zoning text changes, new public open spaces, pedestrian and transit improvements, urban renewal, [and] street mappings". The City Planning initiative also seeks to improve

1161-431: The area's hospitality industry having tripled since 2004. Some of this gentrification was controversial, however. In 2007, the city government was to acquire the houses at 223–235 Duffield Street via eminent domain , then demolish the houses and replace them with 500 new hotel rooms, 1,000 units of mixed-income housing , more than 500,000 square feet of retail space, and at least 125,000 square feet of new office space in

1204-502: The area; however, only 231 Duffield Street was replaced by a hotel. Still, this caused historians to protest over the planned demolition of the historic houses because of their importance to abolitionists during the American Civil War . Downtown Brooklyn is the civic and commercial downtown center of the former City of Brooklyn , which, as of 2020, has more than 2.7 million residents. Alongside immediately adjacent neighborhoods,

1247-721: The building of the Brooklyn and Manhattan Bridges ; buildings from that time include the 1915 Sperry Gyroscope Company building, now known as the Howard Building of the New York City College of Technology . New, extensive infrastructure served the Brooklyn Bridge trolleys . Following World War II , the City Planning Commission , in conjunction with the Borough President's Office, presented and adopted

1290-451: The busy Tillary Street. The original location of Junior's , founded by Harry Rosen in 1950. The building, at the corner of DeKalb Avenue and Flatbush Avenue Extension, is 17,000 square feet of red-and-white-striped menus, flashbulb-adorned signs, rust-colored booths and a wooden bar. A shrine to the Brooklyn of old, it has become a must-visit for politicians from borough presidents to President Barack Obama , who bought two cheesecakes and

1333-464: The connections between Downtown and the adjacent neighborhoods of Cobble Hill , Boerum Hill , and Fort Greene . As of March 2012 , the rezoning of Downtown Brooklyn had caused gentrification in nearby neighborhoods. Affordable housing was created in the area after the 2004 rezoning, with 420 affordable units in 2014. The housing increase has also resulted in positive effects on other aspects of Downtown Brooklyn's economy as well, with revenues for

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1376-403: The following decade. After suffering with the rest of New York through the fiscal crisis of the mid-1970s, Borough President Howard Golden , first elected in 1977, moved forward with a more aggressive economic development program to revitalize Downtown Brooklyn. He identified the need for greater equity in resource allocation between Manhattan and the city's other boroughs. An important moment in

1419-692: The general area encompasses Brooklyn Borough Hall , the Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg Municipal Building , the Kings County New York State Courthouse and the Eastern District of New York 's Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse . Attractions within the area include the Fulton Mall , the Brooklyn Academy of Music , the New York Transit Museum and Barclays Center . Three days a week

1462-436: The history of Downtown Brooklyn came in 1983 with the release of a Regional Plan Association report for the area. According to the document, Downtown Brooklyn could become the city's third-largest business district because of its proximity to Lower Manhattan (closer by subway than Midtown). It also could serve as a prime location for high technology industries and new market-rate housing. The State Street Houses Historic District

1505-538: The neighborhood, and was recently renovated by the New York City Parks Department. These and other parks form a long mall from Borough Hall to Brooklyn Bridge. A new park is also planned for the area, known as the Willoughby Square Park. At the northeastern corner of Downtown Brooklyn is Bridge Plaza, bounded by Flatbush Avenue Extension and Manhattan Bridge on the west, Tillary Street on

1548-796: The private school German School of Brooklyn moved all levels to its permanent site at 9 Hanover Place in Downtown Brooklyn. The Khalil Gibran International Academy High School opened in September 2024. Schools situated within or in the immediate periphery of the district include Brooklyn Technical High School (one of the city's nine selective specialized high schools ), Brooklyn Friends School , Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School , St. Francis College , St. Joseph's College , Brooklyn Law School , New York University 's Tandon School of Engineering and Center for Urban Science and Progress ,

1591-591: The public sphere. Since its inception, Public Art Fund has presented more than 500 artists' exhibitions and projects at sites throughout New York City's five boroughs as varied as streets, plazas, parks, buses, billboards, and even major landmarks including Times Square , Rockefeller Center , the Brooklyn Bridge Park , Columbus Circle , and Lincoln Center . Susan K. Freedman has served as president since 1986. Nicholas Baume joined Public Art Fund as Director and Chief Curator in 2009, and Elizabeth Fearon Pepperman

1634-428: The rezoning of parts of Downtown Brooklyn in 2004 to allow for denser residential development, the area has seen the arrival of new condominium towers, townhouses, and office conversions. In all, 14,000 residential units were planned for Downtown Brooklyn at that time. A New York Sun article from November 7, 2007, reports on the arrival of Downtown Brooklyn as a 24/7 community, estimating that 35,000 residents will come to

1677-642: The south, and the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE) on the north and east. The newer term RAMBO , an acronym for Right Around The Manhattan Bridge Overpass is sometimes applied to the area, comparing it to DUMBO . The neighborhood was connected to Vinegar Hill until the 1950s, when construction of the BQE effectively isolated it from surrounding areas. Downtown Brooklyn is served by two ZIP Codes : 11201 north of DeKalb Avenue and 11217 south of DeKalb Avenue. The United States Postal Service operates

1720-482: Was a pioneer in the field of public art , active in New York City . She was the daughter of architect Irwin Salmon Chanin and his wife Sylvia Schofler. Freedman graduated from Albright College , Pennsylvania in 1950, where she would later help fund the creation of the school's art gallery. Founded in 1975, Freedman Gallery's primary aim is to represent living American contemporary artists. Freedman also received

1763-527: Was completed on December 10, 2010. It features an underground corridor on Willoughby Street connecting both stations, which includes new escalator and elevator access to Lawrence Street. The Long Island Rail Road stops at the Atlantic Terminal , located at the intersection of Atlantic and Flatbush Avenues. Public schools are operated by the New York City Department of Education . In 2021

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1806-542: Was elected chair of the Board of Directors in 2020. In addition to presenting works of art, Public Art Fund also hosts additional programs including Public Art Fund Talks. This series encompasses discussions and presentations from today's most influential artist. Another program, In the Public Realm, is an open call which allows emerging artist to conceive and develop innovative ideas for public works. Public Art Fund also releases

1849-493: Was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Historically, Downtown Brooklyn was primarily a commercial and civic center, with relatively little residential development. Housing included a few apartment buildings on Livingston Street, and seven 15-story buildings that make up the over 1,000 unit Concord Village co-op development on Adams Street, at the borders of both Brooklyn Heights and Dumbo . Since

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