52-443: Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen (Prodromus of the Flora of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land ) is a book by the botanist Robert Brown published in 1810, which deals with the flora of Australia. Often referred to as Prodromus Flora Novae Hollandiae , or by its standard botanical abbreviation Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. , it was the first attempt at a survey of
104-681: A Desart; no Fresh-water Rivers have been found, but some Salt-water Rivers, as also no Fourfooted Beasts , except one as great as a Dog, with long Ears, living in the Water as well as on the Land. Black Swans , Parrots , and many Sea-Cows were found there; as also a Lake, whose Water seemed to be Red, because of the Redness of the Bottom of it: and round along the Shore there was some Salt. Our People had seen but Twelve of
156-483: A city. Well the Keerweer people said that was all right. They allowed them sink a well and put up huts. They were at first happy there and worked together. The Europeans gave them tobacco. They carried off the tobacco. They gave them flour—they threw that away. They gave them soap, and they threw away the soap. The Keerweer people kept to their own bush tucker . According to this account, some of Janszoon's crew angered
208-442: A few days on the southeast coast of New Holland before he is chased away by the natives. The American author Edgar Allan Poe used the name New Holland to refer to Australia in his prize-winning 1833 short story " MS. Found in a Bottle ": the hulk flew at a rate defying computation ... and we must have run down the coast of New Holland. In 1851, Herman Melville wrote, in a chapter of his novel Moby-Dick entitled "Does
260-488: Is documented evidence suggesting that during this voyage, the Dutch landed near Mapoon and on Prince of Wales Island , with the map showing a dotted trajectory line to that island, but not to Cape Keerweer. After the alleged conflict, Janszoon retraced his route north to the north side of Vliege Bay, which Matthew Flinders called Duyfken Point in 1802. He then passed his original landfall at Pennefather River and continued to
312-676: Is on the lands of the Wik-Mungkan Aboriginal people, who today live in various outstations and in the nearby Aurukun Mission station . The book Mapoon , written by members of the Wik-Mungkan people and edited by Janine Roberts, contains an account of this landing passed down in Aboriginal oral history . The Europeans sailed along from overseas and put up a building at Cape Keerweer. A crowd of Keerweer people saw their boat sail up and went to talk with them. They said they wanted to put up
364-478: Is requisite that the whole body should have one general name, since it is now known (if there is no great error in the Dutch part) that it is certainly all one land, so I judge, that one less exceptionable to all parties and on all accounts cannot be found than that now applied. His suggestion was initially rejected, but the new name was approved by the British government in 1824. The western boundary of New South Wales
416-498: The Visch ( lit. ' fish ' ). According to the VOC's instructions to Tasman (1644), Janszoon and his crew travelled along 350 kilometres (220 mi) of coast, from 5° south to 13° 45' south, but found that vast regions were for the greater part uncultivated, and certain parts inhabited by savage, cruel black barbarians who slew some of our sailors, so that no information
468-759: The Natives , all as black as Pitch , and stark naked, so terrified, that it was impossible to bring them to Conversation, or a Meeting: They lodge themselves as the Hottentots , in Pavilions of Small Branches of Trees. By Night our People saw Fires all over the Country; but when they drew near, the Natives were fled. The Coast is very low, but the Country far from the Sea is high. Upon the Island near
520-615: The Solomon Islands . In 1618, it presented a memorandum in pursuit of this order that included the following: ... seeing that the United East-India Company has repeatedly given orders for the discovering and exploring the land of Nova Guinea, and the islands east of the same, since, equally by our orders, such discovery was once tried about the year 1606 with the yacht de Duyve by Skipper Willem Jansz and sub-cargo Jan Lodewijs van Rosinghijn, who made sundry discoveries on
572-702: The Vuyle Bancken , the continuous coral reefs between Mabuiag Island and New Guinea. Janszoon then sailed back to Banda via the south coast of New Guinea. On 15 June 1606, Captain Saris reported the arrival of ... Nockhoda Tingall, a Tamil from Banda, in a Javanese junk , laden with mace and nutmegs , which he sold to the Gujaratis ; he told me that the Dutch pinnace that went to explore New Guinea had returned to Banda, having found it: but in sending their men on shore to propose trade, nine of them were killed by
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#1733106665809624-553: The emu , Dromaius novaehollandiae . Dutch politician and cartographer Nicolaes Witsen describes the south west Australian coast in a detailed description in a letter titled "Some late observations of New Holland" written to English naturalist Martin Lister , dated from 3 October 1698: On this Voyage nothing hath been discovered which can be any way serviceable to the Company. The Soil of this Country hath been found very barren , and as
676-701: The heathens , who are man-eaters : so they were forced to return, finding no good to be done there. A reference to the outcome of the expedition was made as a result of Willem Schouten 's 1615 voyage on behalf of the Australische Compagnie from the Netherlands to the Spice Islands via Cape Horn . The VOC sought an order from the Dutch Government prohibiting the Australische Compagnie from operating between Ceylon and 100 miles (160 km) east of
728-528: The 5th century, under the theory of "balancing hemispheres". Lieutenant James Cook , captain of HMS Endeavour , claimed the eastern portion of the Australian continent for the British Crown in 1770, naming it New South Wales . The British settlement of Sydney as a colony in 1788 prompted Britain to formally claim the east coast as New South Wales, leading to a search for a new collective name. New Holland
780-546: The Australian flora. It described over 2040 species, over half of which were published for the first time. Brown's Prodromus was originally published as Volume One, and following the Praemonenda (Preface), page numbering commences on page 145. Sales of the Prodromus were so poor, however, that Brown withdrew it from sale. Due to the commercial failure of the first volume, pages 1 to 144 were never issued, and Brown never produced
832-577: The Dutch continued to wonder whether there was a passage: The Drooge bocht (shallow bay), where Nova-Guinea is surmised to be cut off from the rest of the Southland by a passage opening into the great South-Sea, though our men have been unable to pass through it owing to the shallows, so that it remains uncertain whether this strait is open on the other side. However, some Dutch maps, but not others like Gerritszoon's map of 1622, still showed Cape York and New Guinea as being contiguous, until James Cook , who
884-472: The Fowls were not to be found. There was great Store of Oysters, Lobsters, and Crabs; and also strange sorts of Fish. There were also Millions of Flies, very much troubling Men. They saw a great many Footsteps of Men and Children, but all of an ordinary bigness. The Coast is very foul and full of Rocks. In Gulliver's Travels (1726) by Jonathan Swift , the title character, travelling from Houyhnhnms Land, spends
936-567: The French anywhere he was to land troops, to signify to them that "the whole of New Holland is subject to His Britannic Majesty's Government." In 1828 a further settlement was made, this time on the Swan River, and the name Swan River Colony was soon the term used to refer to the whole western part of the continent. The name New Holland was still invoked as the name for the whole continent when Charles Fremantle on 9 May 1829 took formal possession in
988-491: The Great South Land, by which it was distinguished even by the Dutch during the 17th century; for it appears that it was not until some time after Tasman's second voyage that the name New Holland was first applied, and then it was long before it displaced T’Zuydt Landt in the charts, and could not extend to what was not yet known to have existence; New South Wales, therefore, ought to remain distinct from New Holland; but as it
1040-566: The Gulf of Carpentaria, Hessel Gerritsz published a map, which included the coastline of part of the west coast of Cape York. Although this map shows this coast as an extension of New Guinea, it includes a note that refers to Spanish maps that differed from the Dutch understanding of the area. It noted that while the Spanish maps were inconsistent with each other, they would, if confirmed, imply that New Guinea did not extend more than 10 degrees south , "then
1092-522: The VOC had established as its first permanent trading in 1603—so that the Duyfken could be fitted out and supplied for its voyage. On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea . Although all records of the voyage have been lost, Janszoon's departure was reported by Captain John Saris. He recorded that on 18 November 1605 "a small Dutch pinnace departed here for
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#17331066658091144-757: The VOC), Banda, the Kai Islands , the Aru Islands and Deyong Point on the coast of Papua . After exploring the coast of Papua the Duyfken rounded Vals Point and crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea —without seeing the Torres Strait —into the Gulf of Carpentaria , and on 26 February 1606 made landfall at a river on the western shore of Cape York Peninsula in Queensland , near
1196-561: The Whale's Magnitude Diminish? – Will He Perish?": ... may the great whale outlast all hunting, since he has a pasture to expatiate in, which is precisely twice as large as all Asia, both Americas, Europe and Africa, New Holland, and all the Isles of the sea combined. In 1854, another American writer, Henry David Thoreau , used the term New Holland (referring to the territory of the "wild" indigenous Australians ) in his book Walden; or, Life in
1248-751: The Woods , in which he writes: So, we are told, the New Hollander goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes. Janszoon voyage of 1605%E2%80%931606 Willem Janszoon captained the first recorded European landing on the Australian continent in 1606, sailing Duyfken from Bantam , Java . As an employee of the Dutch East India Company ( Dutch : Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC), Janszoon had been instructed to explore
1300-469: The additional volumes that he had planned. In 1813, a book of illustrations for the Prodromus was published separately by Ferdinand Bauer under the title Ferdinandi Bauer Illustrationes florae Novae Hollandiae sive icones generum quae in Prodromo florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen descripsit Robertus Brown , usually referred to as Illustrationes Florae Novae Hollandiae . The Prodromus itself
1352-573: The coast have been seen Rats as great as Cats, in an innumerable Quantity; all which had a kind of Bag or Purse hanging from the Throat upon the Brest downwards. There were found many well-smelling Trees, and out of their Wood is to be drawn Oyl smelling as a Rose, but for the rest they were small and miserable Trees . There were also found some Birds nests of prodigious greatness, so that Six Men could not, by stretching out their Arms, encompass One of them; but
1404-681: The coast of New Guinea in search of economic opportunities. He had originally arrived in the Dutch East Indies from the Netherlands in 1598, and became an officer of the VOC on its establishment in 1602. In 1606, he sailed from Bantam to the south coast of New Guinea, and continued down what he thought was a southern extension of that coast, but was in fact the western coast of the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland . He travelled south as far as Cape Keerweer, where he battled with
1456-417: The coast of New Holland, led by Nicolas Baudin . The Baudin expedition was intended to be a voyage of discovery that would further scientific knowledge and perhaps eclipse the achievements of James Cook . Many Western Australian places still have French names today from Baudin's expedition: for example, Peron Peninsula , Depuch Island , Boullanger Island and Faure Island . After British colonisation,
1508-430: The coast of a major landmass to his south and is therefore presumed not to have seen Australia. Because the two separate observations of Janszoon and Torres were not matched, Dutch maps did not include the strait until after James Cook 's 1770 passage through it, while early Spanish maps showed the coast of New Guinea correctly, but omitted Australia. Overall, his voyage was not immediately recognized as significant at
1560-513: The commission to Governor Phillip the boundary was defined as the 135th meridian east longitude ( 135° east ) ( map from 25 April 1787 ), taking the line from Melchisédech Thévenot 's chart, Hollandia Nova—Terre Australe , published in Relations de Divers Voyages Curieux (Paris, 1663). The term New Holland was more often used to refer only to that part of the continent that had not yet been annexed to New South Wales; namely it referred to
1612-589: The discovery of the land called New Guinea, which, it is said, may yield a great amount of wealth". No original logs or charts of Janszoon's voyage have been located and it is not known when or how they were lost. Nevertheless, a copy was apparently made in about 1670 from Janszoon's map of his expedition, which was sold to the Austrian National Library in Vienna in 1737. It can be deduced from this map that Janszoon then sailed to Ambon (the headquarters of
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1664-447: The land from 9 to 14 degrees must be separate and different from the other New Guinea". The Spanish maps would have reflected Luis Váez de Torres 's voyage through the strait named after him, which he completed in early October 1606, although the Dutch knew nothing of it. Both Carstenszoon in 1623 and Tasman in 1644 were directed to attempt to find a passage in the area of Torres Strait , but failed. Following these explorations,
1716-453: The land, neither the Netherlands nor the Dutch East India Company claimed any territory in Australia as its own. Although many Dutch expeditions visited the coast during the 200 years after the first Dutch visit in 1606 , there was no lasting attempt at establishment of a permanent settlement. Most of the explorers of this period concluded that the apparent lack of water and fertile soil made
1768-514: The local Aboriginal people and several of his men were killed. As a consequence, he was obliged to retrace his route up the coast towards Cape York and then returned to Banda. Janszoon did not detect the existence of the Torres Strait , which separates Australia and New Guinea. Unknown to the Dutch, explorer Luis Váez de Torres , working for the Spanish Crown , sailed through the strait only four months later. However, Torres did not report seeing
1820-409: The local people, by raping or coercing women into having sex and by forcing men to hunt for them. This led the locals to kill some of the Dutch and burn some of their boats. The Dutch are said to have shot and killed many of the Keerweer people before escaping. However, events from a number of different encounters, over many years, with Europeans may have been combined in these oral traditions. There
1872-583: The modern town of Weipa . Janszoon named the river R. met het Bosch , but it is now known as the Pennefather River . This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. He proceeded over Albatross Bay to Archer Bay, the confluence of the Archer and the Watson Rivers, which he named Dubbelde Rev ( lit. ' double river ' ) and then on to Dugally River, which he named
1924-446: The name New Holland survived for many decades, used in atlases, literature and in common parlance. In the Netherlands, the continent continued to be called Nieuw Holland until about the end of the 19th century. The Dutch name today is Australië . One place where the name persists is in taxonomy . Many Australian species named in previous centuries have the specific name novaehollandiae or novae-hollandiae , for example
1976-455: The name New Holland was retained for several decades and the south polar continent continued to be called Terra Australis , sometimes shortened to Australia . However, in the 19th century, the colonial authorities gradually removed the Dutch name from the island continent and, instead of inventing a new name, they took the name Australia from the south polar continent, leaving a lacuna in continental nomenclature for eighty years. Even so,
2028-572: The name Australia or Terra Australis, which I have applied to the whole body of what has generally been called New Holland, must be submitted to the approbation of the Admiralty and the learned in geography. It seems to me an inconsistent thing that captain Cooks New South Wales should be absorbed in the New Holland of the Dutch, and therefore I have reverted to the original name Terra Australis or
2080-551: The name of King George IV of "all that part of New Holland which is not included within the territory of New South Wales." In 1832, the territory was officially renamed Western Australia . Even as late as 1837, in official correspondence between the British government in London and New South Wales, the term "New Holland" was still being used to refer to the continent as a whole. From 1800 to 1803, France conducted an expedition to map
2132-469: The region unsuitable for colonisation. On 22 August 1770, after sailing north along Australia's east coast, James Cook claimed the entire "Eastern coast of New Holland" that he had just explored as British territory. Cook first named the land New Wales , but revised it to New South Wales . With the establishment of a settlement at Sydney in 1788, the British solidified its claim to the eastern part of Australia, now officially called New South Wales . In
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2184-763: The river now called Wenlock River. This river was formerly called the Batavia River, due to an error made in the chart made by the Carstenszoon 1623 expedition . According to Carstenszoon, the Batavia River was a large river, which in 1606 "the men of the yacht Duijfken went up with the boat, on which occasion one of them was killed by the arrows of the natives". Janszoon then proceeded past Skardon, Vrilya Point, Crab Island , Wallis Island, Red Wallis Island to t Hooge Eylandt ("the high island", now called Muralug Island or Prince of Wales Island ), on which some of them landed. The expedition then passed Badu Island to
2236-465: The said coast of Nova Guinea, as is amply set forth in their journals. Willem Janszoon returned to the Netherlands apparently in the belief that the south coast of New Guinea was joined to the land along which he sailed, although his own chart did not verify his claim to have continuously followed the coastline where the Torres Strait is found. In 1622, prior to Jan Carstenszoon's 1623 exploration of
2288-700: The time, as the Dutch East India Company was primarily interested in finding a faster route to the Spice Islands . However, Janszoon's voyage paved the way for further exploration of the Australian continent by the Dutch and other European powers. Download coordinates as: Janszoon travelled to the Dutch East Indies in 1598 for the Oude compagnies and became an officer of the Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) in Dutch ) when it
2340-482: The western and northern coast of Australia in 1644 by the Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman , best known for his discovery of Tasmania (called by him Van Diemen's Land ). The English Captain William Dampier used the name in his account of his two voyages there: the first arriving on 5 January 1688 and staying until 12 March; his second voyage of exploration to the region was made in 1699. Except for giving its name to
2392-407: The western portion of the continent. In 1804, the British navigator Matthew Flinders proposed the names Terra Australis or Australia for the whole continent, reserving "New Holland" for the western part of the continent. He continued to use Australia in his correspondence, while attempting to gather support for the term. Flinders explained in a letter to Sir Joseph Banks : The propriety of
2444-405: Was changed to 129° east in 1825 ( 16 July 1825 – map ). In 1826, to pre-empt a French settlement and claim to the territory, because of the importance of the route to New South Wales the British established the settlement of Albany in south-west New Holland. Governor Ralph Darling of New South Wales put Edmund Lockyer in command of the expedition and gave him the order that if he encountered
2496-625: Was established in 1602. After two trips back to the Netherlands, he returned to the East Indies for the third time in 1603 as captain of the pinnace Duyfken . In 1605, he was at Banda in the Banda Islands , when—according to an account given to Abel Jansen Tasman , issued in Batavia on 29 January 1644—he was ordered by VOC President Jan Willemsz Verschoor to explore the coast of New Guinea. In September 1605, he left for Bantam in west Java —which
2548-455: Was eventually reprinted in 1819, and a slightly modified second edition released in 1821. In 1830, Brown published a short supplement to the Prodromus , entitled Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae . New Holland (Australia) New Holland ( Dutch : Nieuw-Holland ) is a historical European name for mainland Australia , which was discovered by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon aboard Duyfken in 1606. The name
2600-504: Was first applied to Australia in 1644 by the Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman , and for a time came to be applied in most European maps to the vaunted "Southern land" or Terra Australis even after its coastline was finally explored. The continent of Antarctica , later named in the 1890s, was still in largely speculative form; it resumed the name Terra Australis (sometimes suffixed Non Cognita , lit. ' unknown ' ). Its existence had been speculated on in some maps since
2652-525: Was never settled by the Dutch people, whose colonial forces and buoyant population had a settled preference for the Dutch Cape Colony , Dutch Guyana , the Dutch East Indies , Dutch Ceylon and the Dutch West Indies . New Holland continued to be used semi-officially and in popular usage as the name for the whole land mass until at least the mid-1850s. The name New Holland was first applied to
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#17331066658092704-587: Was obtained touching the exact situation of the country and regarding the commodities obtainable and in demand there. He found the land to be swampy and infertile, forcing the explorers eventually to give up and return to Bantam due to their lack of "provisions and other necessaries". Nevertheless, it appears that the killing of some of his men on various shore expeditions was the main reason for their return—he turned back where his party had its greatest conflict with Aboriginal people , which he subsequently called Kaap Keerweer, Dutch for "Cape Turnback". Cape Keerweer
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