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51-1003: Coordinates : 52°31′01″N 13°23′46″E / 52.5169°N 13.3962°E / 52.5169; 13.3962 Palace in Berlin, Germany Prinzessinnenpalais [REDACTED] Prinzessinnenpalais [REDACTED] General information Type Palace Architectural style Neoclassical Town or city Berlin Country Germany Coordinates 52°31′01″N 13°23′46″E / 52.5169°N 13.3962°E / 52.5169; 13.3962 Construction started 1733 (original) 1811 (extension) Renovated 1963-1964 (reconstruction) Design and construction Architect(s) Friedrich Wilhelm Diterichs (original) Heinrich Gentz (extension) Richard Paulick (reconstruction) The Prinzessinnenpalais (English: Princesses' Palace )
102-502: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
153-456: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
204-588: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
255-645: A refuge for the Catholic Swabian Hohenzollerns, including during the Thirty Years' War . By the end of the 18th century it was thought to have lost its strategic importance and gradually fell into disrepair, leading to the demolition of several dilapidated buildings. The third, and current, castle was built between 1846 and 1867 as a family memorial by Hohenzollern scion King Frederick William IV of Prussia . Architect Friedrich August Stüler based his design on English Gothic Revival architecture and
306-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
357-585: A year-long siege by the Swabian League of Cities . Construction on a second, stronger castle began in 1454. It was captured by Württemberger troops in 1634 midway in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), then fell under Habsburg control for about a century. During the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) it was occupied in the winter of 1744/45 by French soldiers. Returned to Habsburg control after
408-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
459-475: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
510-519: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
561-675: Is a former Royal Prussian residence on Unter den Linden boulevard in the historic centre of Berlin . It was built in 1733 according to plans by Friedrich Wilhelm Diterichs in Rococo style and extended from 1810 to 1811 by Heinrich Gentz in Neoclassical style . Damaged during the Allied bombing in World War II , the Prinzessinnenpalais was rebuilt from 1963 to 1964 by Richard Paulick as part of
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#1732851812530612-456: Is different from Wikidata Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Pages using the Kartographer extension Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is
663-452: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
714-468: Is the ancestral seat of the imperial House of Hohenzollern . The third of three hilltop castles built on the site, it is located atop Mount Hohenzollern , above and south of Hechingen , on the edge of the Swabian Jura of central Baden-Württemberg , Germany. The name derives from Söller (terrace) from Latin solarium. The first castle on the mountain was constructed in the early 11th century. Over
765-716: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Hohenzollern Castle Hohenzollern Castle (German: Burg Hohenzollern [bʊʁk hoːənˈtsɔlɐn] )
816-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
867-567: The Châteaux of the Loire Valley . No member of the Hohenzollern family was in permanent or regular residence when it was completed, and none of the three German Emperors of the late 19th and early 20th century German Empire ever occupied the castle; in 1945 it briefly became the home of the former Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany , son of the last Hohenzollern monarch, Kaiser Wilhelm II . Among
918-741: The EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
969-2257: The Forum Fridericianum . Since 2018, it has been home to an art collection of Deutsche Bank . See also [ edit ] Kronprinzenpalais References [ edit ] ^ Prinzessinnenpalais (in German) Landesdenkmalamt Berlin ^ PalaisPopulaire Deutsche Bank Bibliography [ edit ] Folkwin Wendland. "Berlins Gärten und Parke von der Gründung der Stadt bis zum ausgehenden neunzehnten Jahrhundert: Das klassische Berlin". Propyläen Verlag (1979). pp. 55–57 (in German) External links [ edit ] PalaisPopulaire v t e Prussian royal residences Berlin Palace Sanssouci Crown Prince Palace City Palace, Potsdam Hohenzollern Castle Marble Palace New Palace Old Palace Orangery Palace Babelsberg Palace Cecilienhof Palace Charlottenhof Palace Bellevue Palace Schloss Charlottenburg Glienicke Palace Monbijou Palace Ordenspalais Schönhausen Palace Rheinsberg Palace Prinzessinnenpalais Pfaueninsel Palace Reichspräsidentenpalais Royal Palace, Wrocław [REDACTED] Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prinzessinnenpalais&oldid=1221665841 " Categories : Houses completed in 1730 Buildings and structures in Mitte Palaces in Berlin Royal residences in Berlin Prussian cultural sites Rebuilt buildings and structures in Berlin Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description
1020-471: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
1071-414: The Swabian Jura 855 metres (2,805 ft) ( NHN ) above sea level, 234 metres above and to the south of Hechingen , Germany, approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Stuttgart , capital of Baden-Württemberg . This mountain lends its name to the local geographic region, der Zollernalbkreis , and is known among locals as Zollerberg (Zoller Mountain), or simply Zoller . Only written records exist of
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#17328518125301122-515: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
1173-547: The Count's Hall, is the final tower, the Watch Tower (German: Wartturm ), which functions both as a staircase to the library and as the flag pole whenever the Hohenzollern family is residing in the castle. A perron leads up to the ancestry hall, where one enters the Count's Hall (German: Grafensaal ), which covers the entirety of the southern wing. The rib vaulting of the Count's Hall, adorned with grisailles by Stüler depicting
1224-499: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
1275-708: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
1326-524: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
1377-626: The balance to the Swabian branch . Since 1952, the Princess Kira of Prussia Foundation has used the castle for an annual summer camp for children. Whenever Prince George and his family are staying at the castle, the Prussian flag flies over the castle, while the flag of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is used by the Swabians. In 2015, parts of the 2016 thriller-horror film A Cure for Wellness were filmed at
1428-573: The castle are the work of Gustav Willgohs . Like Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria, Hohenzollern Castle is a monument to German Romanticism which incorporated an idealised vision of a medieval knight's castle. Lacking some of the fantastic elements and excesses of Neuschwanstein, the castle's construction served to enhance the reputation of the Prussian Royal Family. Construction began in 1850, and
1479-516: The castle, closing it from 13 to 24 July 2015. Hohenzollern Castle as well as Peckforton Castle in England were also used in the filming of the 2017 TV adaption of The Worst Witch . Hohenzollern Castle, covering almost all of Mount Hohenzollern 's summit, is a structure composed of four primary parts: military architecture, the palatial buildings, chapels, and the gardens. The Eagle Gate (German: Adlertor ) and its attached drawbridge form
1530-566: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
1581-609: The collections of the Hohenzollern family and the former Hohenzollern Museum in Schloss Monbijou . Two of the major pieces are the Crown of Wilhelm II and a uniform that belonged to King Frederick the Great . From 1952 until 1991 the caskets of Frederick Wilhelm I and his son Frederick the Great were in the chapel, but were moved back to Potsdam following German reunification in 1991 at the instigation of Prince Louis Ferdinand. The castle
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1632-613: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
1683-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
1734-406: The entrance to the castle. The castle's winding zwinger turns four times and terminates in the bastions . From here, the palatial buildings can be accessed through the square upper gate and so are the rest of the bastions. The palace itself, sitting upon the outline of the second castle, is an open-air museum arranged in a u-shape that ends with Protestant and Catholic chapels. Sitting on top of
1785-468: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
1836-547: The historical artifacts of Prussian history contained in the castle are the Crown of Wilhelm II , some of the personal effects of King Frederick the Great , and a letter from US President George Washington thanking Hohenzollern relative Baron von Steuben for his service in the American Revolutionary War . Hohenzollern Castle is a hilltop castle located on the mountain Hohenzollern , an isolated promontory of
1887-628: The history of the House of Hohenzollern and pointed-arch windows, is supported by eight free standing red marble columns. Below the Count's Hall is the old castle kitchen, today a treasure chamber. Next to the Count's Hall is the Emperor's Tower and the Bishop's Niche , following the library decorated with murals of the Hohenzollern history by Wilhelm Peters . The Margrave's Tower contains the King's parlor, also referred to as
1938-570: The last Prussian Crown Prince William stayed for several months following his flight from Potsdam ahead of Soviet army forces during the closing months of World War II . He and his wife Crown Princess Cecilie are buried there, as the family's estates in Brandenburg had been occupied by the Soviet Union at the time of their deaths. Starting in 1952, Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia began adding valuable artwork and Prussian memorabilia from
1989-749: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
2040-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
2091-579: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
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2142-460: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
2193-570: The old casemates are the three-story Gothic Revival buildings of Friedrich August Stüler 's design, decorated with towers and pinnacles . The four towers of the palace are aligned to the bastions, with the Emperor's Tower to the Fuchsloch bastion, Bishop's Tower to the Spitz bastion, Markgraf Tower to the Scharfeck bastion, and Michael's Tower to the garden bastion. Attached to the main residential building,
2244-604: The original castle built in the High Middle Ages , built by the Counts of Zollern . Although the House of Hohenzollern itself finds its first mention in 1061, the castle is first mentioned as "Castro Zolre" in 1267, without any mention of the castle beyond its name, though contemporary sources praised it as the "crown of all castles in Swabia." In 1423 the castle was totally destroyed after
2295-587: The rebuilding of Stolzenfels Castle in 1842 while still a student and heir of Karl Friedrich Schinkel , to design a new castle. Stüler began work on an ornate design influenced by English Gothic Revival architecture and the Châteaux of the Loire Valley in 1846. The impressive entryway is the work of the Engineer-Officer Moritz Karl Ernst von Prittwitz , considered the leading fortifications engineer in Prussia . The sculptures around and inside
2346-406: The simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in
2397-399: The top of Mount Hohenzollern. He would write in 1844 as King: The memory of the year [18]19, to me is exceedingly lovely, and like a beautiful dream, especially the sunset we saw from one of the castle bastions. [...] Now is a desire, a dream of [my] youth, to see Hohenzollern Castle again made habitable. He engaged Friedrich August Stüler , who had been appointed Architect of the King for
2448-473: The war, it was rarely occupied and began to fall to ruin after the last Austrian owner left the castle in 1798. By the beginning of the 19th century only the Chapel of St. Michael remained usable. The current castle was built by Hohenzollern scion Crown Prince Frederick William IV of Prussia . Travelling through southern Germany en route to Italy in 1819, he wished to learn about his family's roots, so climbed to
2499-503: The years the House of Hohenzollern split several times, but the castle remained in the Swabian branch , the dynastic seniors of the Franconian-Brandenburgian cadet branch that later acquired its own imperial throne. This castle was completely destroyed in 1423 after a ten-month siege by the free imperial cities of Swabia . The second castle, a larger and sturdier structure, was constructed from 1454 to 1461, and served as
2550-646: Was funded entirely by the Brandenburg-Prussian and the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen lines of the Hohenzollern family. Construction was completed on 3 October 1867, under Frederick William IV's brother King William I . After the castle was rebuilt, it was not regularly occupied, but rather used primarily as a showpiece. None of the Hohenzollern Kaisers of the German Empire lived there; only
2601-457: Was heavily damaged by a M s 5.7 earthquake (de) on September 3, 1978, which caused some of its turrets to collapse, and was under repair until the mid-1990s. With over 350,000 visitors per year, Hohenzollern castle is one of the most visited castles in Germany. The castle is privately owned by the House of Hohenzollern , with two-thirds belonging to the Brandenburg-Prussian branch , and
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