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32-509: The poor soil of the Campine region was called an Aart and was used by local farmers. In 1854, King Leopold I of Belgium acquired about 398 hectares of the Aart of Retie (Dutch: Retiese Aart ) with the intention of creating a park and building a castle . However, the castle was never built. In 1950 the coal mines of Beringen acquired the park and used it to grow pines for the mines to support

64-456: A large collection of historical buildings from across Flanders which presents the history of rural life in the region. The domain is 5.5 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi) in area and also hosts an important botanical garden (arboretum), nature reserve, and the largest open-air playground in Flanders. On March 9, 1252 Arnold IV, Count of Loon and Chiny ( county of Loon ) sold a forest, that

96-606: Is a natural region situated chiefly in north-eastern Belgium and parts of the south-eastern Netherlands which once consisted mainly of extensive moors , tracts of sandy heath , and wetlands . It encompasses a large northern and eastern portion of Antwerp Province and adjacent parts of Limburg in Belgium, as well as portions of the Dutch province of North Brabant (area southwest of Eindhoven ) and Dutch Limburg around Weert . The Medieval Latin name Campania , firstly attested in

128-666: Is part of the Campine region. The Campine Basin , which extends from Belgium into the Netherlands, is formed by the Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentary rocks on the northern flank of the Brabant Massif . Since it was a region with a poor sandy soil, there are only a few old or large cities in the region. Most of those cities are located at the outer rim of the region, such as Hasselt , Diest , Aarschot , Lier (the self-styled gate of

160-534: Is rich in folk tales, such as the stories about the Buckriders (Dutch: Bokkenrijders ) and those concerning the gnome king Kyrië (Dutch: Kabouterkoning Kyrië ). The Museum Kempenland in Eindhoven has a considerable and historically important art collection of painters, draughtsmen, sculptors, blacksmiths and other craftsmen from this region. Much of the architectural, agrarian and historical and cultural heritage of

192-755: The Zwart Water moors (Turnhout), the Liereman ( Oud-Turnhout ) and the Prinsenpark ( Retie ). The natural reserves De Teut in Zonhoven and Ter Haagdoornheide in Houthalen-Helchteren and the Nationaal Park Hoge Kempen . At the border with Belgium in the Dutch part of Campine near Bladel there is natural landscape area with heathland such as Cartierheide and De Pals and Kroonvense Heide . To

224-547: The sel , which is at the end of the name of seven of these eight villages selligheden ). In the Campine there are still a number of bunches, marshes , heathlands and pastures . Large areas of the region were also covered with pine which was used for roof props in the coalmines of Wallonia and Limburg. The first pine in the Campine was sown in the Gierlebos in Vosselaar by Adriaan Ghys for Amalia van Solms in 1667. Where

256-625: The tunnels . In 1972, the Province of Antwerp acquired the domain and turned it into a public park. The park became well known for scenes of the TV series Flesh and Bones which were shot in the park. 51°13′48″N 5°02′37″E  /  51.23°N 5.0437°E  / 51.23; 5.0437 This Belgium location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Campine The Campine ( French: [kɑ̃pin] ) or Kempen ( Dutch: [ˈkɛmpə(n)] )

288-644: The Campine , a title also claimed by the Northern-Brabant Oirschot ), Breda , Tilburg , Eindhoven , Maaseik , and Maastricht . Turnhout is an exception. West of Turnhout clay was used for the production of berge , which is one of the reasons why the Noord-Kempens Canal was dug to Antwerp. Also, the Herentals were an historical industrial center for its textile industry of which the Lakenhal on

320-534: The Campine , while Westerlo and Kasterlee are called Pearl of the Campine . The most picturesque villages in the Dutch, Northern-Brabant Campine are Oirschot , Eersel and Hilvarenbeek . The other villages have lost much of their historical elements in their course towards industrialisation. In the Dutch Campine eight villages are located which are known under the name acht zaligheden (E: eight blessed ones ). The denomination zaligheden has been borrowed from

352-563: The Campine can be visited in the open-air museum of Bokrijk . The old way of living and the Campine dialects have been the topic of scientific research. In the Roman era the name of the region was Toxandria or Taxandria. Part of the Campine is protected as the Hoge Kempen Nationaal Park (High Campine National Park). It is located in the east of the Belgian province Limburg , between

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384-525: The Campine was Georges Eekhoud (1854–1927). In 1837 Victor Hugo made a journey through Belgium and visited the Campine and the towns of Lier and Turnhout , and wrote about his journey. During the interbellum Felix Timmermans , Ernest Claes , Stijn Streuvels , Jozef Simons and the poet Jozef De Voght wrote about the Belgian Campine. The painters Jakob Smits (1855–1928) and Frans Van Giel (1892–1975) painted many Campine landscapes. The region

416-604: The Campine, up to around 1960 includes mainly heathland, oak grove and marsh, these were modified by heavy fertilisation and building activities and were gradually changed into a rather small-scale landscape. Here and there still up to several dozen acres of large heathland - and forests, such as the Kalmthoutse Heide (E: Kalmthout heathland) at Kalmthout , Belgium, the De Maten in Genk, De Zegge ( Geel ), Zwart Water ( Lichtaart ),

448-568: The Farmer's Union). They set Bokrijk up as a model farm. Due to a crisis and eventual bankruptcy of the Farmers Union, the model farm failed. On 21 March 1938 the provincial government of Limburg , inspired by Governor Hubert Verwilghen, acquired Bokrijk. Verwilghen strove to create a public domain that would combine culture and nature. His vision would be realized years later under the dynamic impulse of provincial governor Louis Roppe. On 6 October 1953

480-650: The Maris-Vanhese family demolished the residential area, but left the outbuildings. They built a neo-classical castle, but were unable to complete it. In 1896 it was sold to the Count de Meeus who did finish the castle. The Count owned a local iron mine until the outbreak of World War I. During the war he sold the land and castle to a Jewish family from Germany. In 1919 the Belgian State seized the land and sold it to S.V. Middenkredietkas van de Boerenbond (Central Credit Bank of

512-595: The North, the area between Boxtel and Oisterwijk is called Kampina . In a number of villages, one can still see the typical Campine langgevelboerderijen ( long-facade farms ). Bokrijk The Bokrijk Provincial Domain ( Dutch : Provinciaal Domein Bokrijk , pronounced [ˈbɔkrɛik] ) is a park and museum complex near Genk , Province of Limburg in Belgium . It is known for its open-air museum which displays

544-471: The Provincial Council of the Province of Limburg decided to create an open-air museum in Bokrijk. With the post-war industrial revolution and the increasing development projects of the 1950s, Flanders's living environment was drastically changing. Agricultural buildings of important cultural and historical value for Flanders were disappearing from the landscape. Dr Jozef Weyns was appointed to coordinate

576-488: The castle and playground is the Scents and Colour garden. This is a large nature reserve that is not open to the public, but is part of the Bokrijk parkland. Consisting of nineteen lakes and fifty acres of woodland, thickets and marsh, the site is managed by Natuurpunt  [ nl ] . This is a volunteer organisation that owns and manages, with the help of volunteers, natural areas of Flanders. The playground situated in

608-538: The church and the school. Bokrijk is also home to one of the largest plant collections in Belgium. Started in 1965, the first arboretum covered 18 hectares. The plant collection was arranged into ornamental gardens such as the Mediterranean garden, a conservatory, a fern garden, woodland and marsh areas. Some of the plant collection has been included in the Open Air Museum, such as the herb and vegetable gardens. Near

640-559: The city of Genk and the Meuse valley and was opened in March 2006. Covering almost 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi), it forms part of the Natura 2000 network. The area is mostly heathland and pine forest . In May 2011 it was placed on UNESCO's Tentative List for consideration as a World Heritage Site. The Campine is an area in the Belgian provinces Antwerp, Limburg and the extreme north of

672-456: The establishment of several military bases, such as the army installations at Leopoldsburg and Brasschaat , and the air bases of Kleine Brogel , Oostmalle , Weelde and Zutendaal . Due to the exploitation of the Campine coal basin, especially after World War II , new industrial activity was established, such as in Geel, Beringen and Genk . The Belgian village of Dessel is called Heart of

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704-539: The main market place is a remaining monument. The printing industry in Turnhout is historically important, with companies such as Brepols and more recently Cartamundi . The region was sparsely populated, and therefore chosen by monks who were looking for silence, such as those of the abbeys of Achel , Brecht , Zundert , Postel , Westmalle and Tongerlo . In 1872, the Sablières et Carrières Réunies (SCR), now Sibelco ,

736-490: The mid-11th century by a monk of Saint-Trond named Stepelinus, stems from the root kamp- ('field') attached to the suffix -injo , denoting the uncultivated or the virgin fields. The inhabitants of the Campine region are known as Kempenaars . The region, described as a desolate flat land , often appears in the books of the prominent Flemish writer Hendrik Conscience (1812–1883), who spent much of his childhood there. Another author who has written many novels playing in

768-524: The project and remained in function as first conservator of the Open Air Museum of Bokrijk. The museum opened to the public on 12 April 1958 as a contribution of the province of Limburg to the Expo '58 (Brussels World's Fair). There are 148 authentic buildings that form the heart of the heritage collection. Also in the collection are some 30,000 pieces of everyday life from the 17th century to 1950. It has been designed to be interactive and includes staff who take on

800-458: The province Flemish Brabant , and in the south of the Dutch province North Brabant. It stretches from the east of the city of Antwerp and towards the west of Eindhoven. Farther east the Campine is in the Groote Peel , a region which is geographically related to the Campine. The south border is formed by the river Demer , and the east border by the valley of the river Meuse . The Campine plateau

832-462: The roles of people from different periods. The oldest building dates back to 1507. Although the emphasis is on farms and farming, there are other examples of village life such as a smithy , a school, a church, an inn and several craftsmen's buildings. Due to changes in Belgian heritage law, buildings can now only be preserved in situ . Therefore, no more buildings can be moved to Bokrijk. The museum's preserved buildings are grouped in three clusters on

864-486: The site which are arranged by their region of origin: A fourth area in the south-west corner of the site is dedicated to The Sixties. The region of the museum that represents East and West Flanders has no village setting. Instead there are a number of buildings that show characteristic workplaces and housing. The Kempen region lies between the Scheldt polders and Maaskant in north-east Flanders. The museum has reproduced

896-439: The traditional timber farm dwellings typical of the region as it was over a century ago. The region of Haspengouw is known for its fruit and traditional square farmsteads. In the museum this region is represented by a copy of the village of Ulbeek as it would have looked in the 19th century. The buildings are arranged around the village square with two ponds and predominantly lime trees. Actors provide interactive experiences in

928-674: Was built in Mol in 1962. The European Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) was founded in Geel in 1957. Pharmaceutical industry was founded in Beerse in the 1960s, with Janssen Pharmaceutica and more recently with Genzyme in Geel . Soudal ( silicon ) in Turnhout and Ravago ( plastics ) in Arendonk became leading companies in their markets. Wide open spaces with scarce population also led to

960-525: Was cultivated by lay brothers and from 1447 onwards functioned as an ordinary tenant farm. It remained the abbey's property until the years of the French Revolutionary Wars . In 1797 French Revolutionaries seized all properties of the Cistercian abbey and the same year sold it to a private investor from Maastricht . Subsequently, the buildings were neglected by many owners until 1890. In that year

992-571: Was founded to extract the silica sand layers in Mol for industrial applications ( glass ). In 1891, the Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. was founded in Eindhoven (North Brabant). In the 19th and 20th centuries, industry established itself in the region, such as the metallurgy in Balen - Overpelt - Lommel . In the 20th century, the first nuclear installation in Belgium, the SCK•CEN ,

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1024-465: Was situated between present Genk , Zonhoven and Hasselt , to the abbey of Herkenrode . This forest was called 'Buscurake' or Buksenrake ('buk' = beech, 'rake' = a part of land). The name later evolved into 'Bouchreyck' and eventually to Bokrijk. The Cistercian abbey of Herkenrode (in Kuringen near Hasselt) built a grangiae (abbey farm), dug out fish ponds and started forestry practices. The abbey farm

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