52-655: The Prince Philip Dental Hospital ( PPDH ) is a dental teaching hospital in Sai Ying Pun , Hong Kong . It houses the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Hong Kong and is governed by the Prince Philip Dental Hospital Ordinance. Government Civil Hospital was opened in 1849 on this site to provide Western medical care. The first hospital was destroyed by a typhoon in 1874 and relocated to new site at
104-464: A high-grade marble . These rocks were significantly altered by the high temperature of magma intrusions . Iron ore ore bodies were found in Ma On Shan. They are both located near a granitic body, where hot magma intrusions existed during late Jurassic. The hot magma carried metal ores to the crust from the mantle as it rose. Metal ores are concentrated into hot fluids as it forced itself into cracks of
156-586: A laid down lion which is often used as a city symbol and landmark. of Hong Kong. The Lion Rock is part of the Kowloon granite that covers Kowloon, Victoria Harbour and northern Hong Kong Island . The middle part of the Kowloon granite was subjected to heavier weathering, forming the Victoria Harbour, where Hong Kong started its development. To the north of Kowloon, granite formed the Lion Rock, and hills lining up along
208-461: A military camp. It was where the early British military stayed. Sai Ying Pun is built on the steeply sloping lower slopes of Victoria Peak and also on the western reclamation . The areas of Shek Tong Tsui and Kennedy Town are located to the west, Sheung Wan and Tai Ping Shan are to the east, and the Mid-Levels is higher up the hill to the south. Victoria Harbour is to the north. While
260-582: A variety of fossils , heavily folded strata and steeply tilted beds. Later, from the middle Jurassic to the early Cretaceous period, Hong Kong experienced a volcanic period. It is marked by the massive coverage of volcanic lava, ash, and granitic rocks. From the middle Cretaceous onward, it is the post-volcanic sedimentary period. It is represented by reddish colored sedimentary rocks which as an indication of an arid tropical climate during deposition. Major rock units in Hong Kong are shown by chronological order in
312-632: Is blurry. Lok Sin Tong Leung Kau Kui College is in Sai Ying Pun while Tung Wah Hospital is in Sheung Wan. The section of Queens Road West from Medal Court to Hollywood Road marks part of the boundary. Elsewhere, the location of the border is unknown. On a map, Sai Ying Pun can be distinguished from Sheung Wan because it is left of the street grid of the Tai Ping Shan neighborhood. Sai Ying Pun
364-481: Is built on top of Hong Kong granite . The granite was formed in the Upper Jurassic Period and is from the last phase of intrusions in the Hong Kong area. The granite is found over most of the north and centre of Hong Kong Island, and also Kowloon . The flat parts of Sai Ying Pun near the harbour are reclaimed land, built from landfill. Queen's Road was the first road built in the area. It meandered around
416-407: Is derived from the relatively undeformed layers of its sedimentary formation. The island is famous for its spectacular erosional features, such as sea stacks and wave-cut platforms. Lung Lok Shui, which means 'dragon diving into water,' is a well-known geological formation that looks like a dragon's back descending into the sea. The structure's most prominent feature, the grey layer of chert , which
468-473: Is in their names, as very few places now have addresses in them. Kennedy Town is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 11. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and Bonham Road and Li Sing government primary schools. Li Sing Primary originated from the attached primary school of Northcote College of Education . Li Sing Primary
520-421: Is located on east Lantau Island . It is a group of vertical sheets of rocks formed by magma and lava flowing into northeast trending cracks in pre-existing granitic rocks on Lantau Island. Those cracks were related to the northeast trending faults. The Lantau caldera, which was the volcanic centre of the magma, is also bounded by faults and exhibits an elongated shape towards the northeast. These structures recorded
572-414: Is more resistant to erosion than the surrounding sandstone, is said to resemble a dragon's spine. Rocks on Tung Ping Chau are fine-grained and reddish-brown from increased iron oxidation during the hot and humid Paleogene period and weak, shallow currents depositing fine sediments. Fossils of terrestrial plants and evaporites in rocks on Tung Ping Chau indicate that it may have been a saline lake during
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#1732849043146624-458: Is named after Li Sing, one of the co-founders of Tung Wah Group of Hospitals , and the father of Li Po-chun (李寶椿), who decided to fund the school because it carried his father's name. Li Po-chun gave $ 250,000 Hong Kong dollars towards the school's construction. Leigh & Orange built the school, which opened in February 1955. The Governor of Hong Kong formally opening the facility. Originally
676-546: Is very rare. The hexagonal columns are therefore the most important feature of the UNESCO Global Geopark of Hong Kong . In respect of it being 'one of the most spectacular rhyolitic columnar rock formations in the world', the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) included the 'Early Cretaceous rhyolitic columnar rock formation of Hong Kong' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around
728-721: The High Island reservoir and islands nearby. These areas are listed as part of the UNESCO Global Geopark of Hong Kong . In the early Cretaceous period (about 140 million years ago), volcanic activities ceased. The hot magma in the magma chamber eventually cooled down and became granitic rocks . These magma cooled slowly below the ground surface. Mineral crystals are therefore large enough to be seen. Granitic rocks cover about 35% of Hong Kong's land surface (red area in fig.1). They are mainly distributed in Kowloon , north Hong Kong Island , east Lantau , and Tuen Mun . Granitic rocks formed
780-417: The magma chamber was emptied. It lost support in its core and collapsed. The remains became a caldera with a diameter of about 20 km. The large amount of volcanic ash produced in this eruption eventually settled in the caldera and formed a thick layer of hot viscous ash. The hot ash eventually cooled down. Then each column started to contract inwards. When each side of the hexagon shrinks evenly towards
832-543: The Earth's surface. Mineral crystals in these rocks are therefore very small. Volcanic rocks are widely distributed in Hong Kong (green areas in Fig.1). They formed most of the highest mountains in Hong Kong, such as Tai Mo Shan (957 m, the highest mountain) and Lantau Peak (934 m, the second highest mountain). In the eastern part of Hong Kong, these volcanic rocks form hexagonal columnar cooling joints. They can be seen from
884-521: The Lantau dyke swarm and deformed caldera , etc. Faulting have shaped the landscape of Hong Kong. (See more on "Faulting" section) The geological history of Hong Kong is mainly divided into three periods. From the Devonian to the early Jurassic is the pre-volcanic sedimentary period. Environment of Hong Kong alternated between a river plain and a shallow sea setting. Rocks of this period are characterized by
936-408: The Ma On Shan limestone. The hot concentrated fluid ( hydrothermal fluid ) triggered chemical reactions. This process finally produced skarn , which an altered rock that carried the concentrated metal ores. Mining in Ma On Shan first started in 1906 and became very active during the second World War for weapon production. Later, in 1976, the mine was closed down due to dropping metal prices. Today,
988-560: The Paleogene. Ma Shi Chau is a tidal island in the Tolo Harbour in northeast New Territories. It is an important special area for geological studies. It contains rocks from three different formations: Permian sedimentary rocks, Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks and middle Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Fossils of ammonoids , corals and bivalves were found in the black Permian sedimentary rocks. Layers of fine volcanic ash deposits formed
1040-549: The Sai Ying Pun Market. The Western Harbour Crossing tunnel goes from Sai Ying Pun under Victoria Harbour to West Kowloon, and is a popular route for cars, trucks and buses. Geology of Hong Kong The geology of Hong Kong is dominated by igneous rocks (including granitic rocks and volcanic rocks ) formed during a major volcanic eruption period in the Mesozoic era. It made up 85% of Hong Kong's land surface and
1092-462: The Tolo Channel. Examples are kink bands , microfaults , veins at Ma Chi Chau on the north coast and en echelon veins , drag folds , and sigma structures at Nai Chung on the south coast. These structure are all found in the middle Jurassic Tolo Channel formation sedimentary rocks and are traces of shearing events. They represent the most active period of the Tolo Channel fault systems during
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#17328490431461144-464: The Victoria Harbour where Hong Kong is given its name as the "scentful harbour". Hexagonal columnar joints are parallel vertical cracks that are formed when homogeneous volcanic materials cool down and evenly contract inward towards a contraction center point. In the early Cretaceous period, there was a volcano centred east of the Sai Kung peninsula . The final eruption of the volcano was explosive and
1196-562: The active strike-slip motion of the northeast trending faults in Lantau Island during Late Jurassic. (~148 million years ago). The Tolo Channel fault system is the longest fault system in Hong Kong running from Tolo Channel in the northeast, cutting through Shing Mun river in Sha Tin and extending to southeast Lantau Island. It is approximately 60-km long. Traces of displacements and shearing are well-preserved in rock units on both sides of
1248-573: The area on 29 March 2015. Trams run along Des Voeux Road West, taking passengers to the east or west of Hong Kong Island . Many bus routes run along Des Voeux Road and Queen's Road West, with some routes routed through the lower parts of Water Street and Pok Fu Lam Road. Most streets are too steep or narrow for buses, however green minibuses and some red minibus routes travel through the upper streets. Taxis frequent First, Second and Third Streets. A series of escalators can take pedestrians up Centre Street, from Second Street to Bonham Road via
1300-538: The beginning of 1901. It fell on number 12 and caused it to collapse as well. The extension had been designed by architects Denison and Ram. Also in 1902, a cookhouse at 56 First Street collapsed, one person was killed. In 1899, there were 1017 houses and a population estimate of 24,800. Most houses in Des Voeux Road and First Street were three stories, and in Second and Third Street they were two stories. In 1904 population
1352-490: The border with Shenzhen , Ma On Shan and Yuen Long . However, metamorphic rocks in Ma On Shan and Yuen Long were only seen in boreholes . Metamorphic rocks are sedimentary rocks or igneous rocks that are altered under high temperature and pressure but are not melted. Atoms are re-arranged and new minerals are formed. Metamorphic rocks in Hong Kong are all altered sedimentary rocks formed in Carboniferous period. Then until
1404-558: The boundaries are not de jure drawn, they are nevertheless de facto defined by Whitty Street in the west and Tung Wah Hospital in the east. The HKU MTR station exit B1 straddles the boundary between Shek Tong Tsui and Sai Ying Pun. Good Luck Mansion and The Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building are in Shek Tong Tsui, while Saint Anthony's Church, Pao Siu Loong Building, and the Main Building are in Sai Ying Pun. The eastern boundary
1456-469: The camp structures and extended along the north coast of Hong Kong Island. Sai Ying Pun was settled as Chinese immigrants moved into Hong Kong and built to the west of Tai Ping Shan. Europeans were assigned areas above High Street where Chinese were excluded from living. In the early 1880s, sewerage was installed into the area, with the main flow coming down Centre Street . Streets were also macadamised or concreted at this time. Around 1882, Battery Road
1508-440: The centre, it formed regular hexagonal shaped cracks. Starting from the top part, the cracks developed downwards. Finally the pillars were created. The total number of hexagonal columns in Hong Kong is estimated to be 200,000, covering 100 square kilometers. Diameters of the columns ranges from 1 to 3 meters where most of the columns are tilted and are dipping towards the northwest at about 80 degrees. Some columns, such as those on
1560-723: The critical shortage of dentists in Hong Kong from 1985 onward. As of 2016, two in three dentists in Hong Kong graduated from the University of Hong Kong (HKU). The HKU School of Dentistry was ranked #1 in the world in the 2016 QS World University Rankings. Sai Ying Pun Sai Ying Pun is an area in Sai Wan , on Hong Kong Island , in Hong Kong . It is administratively part of the Central and Western District . In Cantonese , Sai ( 西 ) means "west" and Ying Pun ( 營盤 ) means "camp", especially
1612-423: The east dam of High Island Reservoir, are curved by tectonic force, showing the ductile nature of the columns The hexagonal columns in Hong Kong are light brown in colour because of the rock's silica -rich chemistry. It contains about 76% silica. Compared with columns in the rest of the world which are mostly basaltic or andesitic (low silica), such a large group of well-preserved silica-rich hexagonal columns
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1664-481: The former Hotel d'Europe and Central Police Barracks on Hollywood Road. The second site burned down in 1878. A third site was acquired in 1879 by relocating to the old Lock Hospital and remained there until it closed for good in 1937 after the opening of the Queen Mary Hospital . After 1937, the site was repurposed to handle infectious diseases as Sai Ying Pun Hospital and closed by 1978. This second hospital
1716-463: The iron ore deposits in Ma On Shan . Each of these will be introduced in later sections. In terms of structural geology , faults in Hong Kong are mainly running from the northeast to the southwest. Deformation features such as sheared rocks, folds and faulted rocks can be found near major faults such as are the banks of the Tolo Channel. Past fault activities can be traced by some structures such as
1768-536: The known geological history of Hong Kong, they are considered to have been most active during the Jurassic to Cretaceous periods when strike-slip and thrust faulting was dominant. Some faults represent structures that were active during the period of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous volcanic activity and facilitated the rise of magma to the surface. Faults in Hong Kong formed interesting features that can be traced to understand their activities. The Lantau dyke swarm
1820-517: The light grey colored tuffaceous layers interbedded with the brownish Cretaceous sediments. Ma Shi Chau is very close to a major fault (Tolo channel fault). Rocks on Ma Shi Chau are therefore subjected to deformation by fault activities. Various deformed structures such as folds, kink bands, microfaults and sheared rocks can be observed on Ma Shi Chau. Metamorphic rocks made up less than 1% of Hong Kong land surface. They are found in Lok Ma Chau near
1872-414: The melting point of the crust. The crust was therefore partially melted and magma was formed. The magma rose and formed a magma chamber beneath surface. Volcanoes were therefore formed above the magma chamber. When erupted, volcanic ash , pieces of rocks, and some magma were expelled. These materials then eventually cooled down and became volcanic rocks . These rocks cooled down quickly once they reached
1924-624: The middle Jurassic volcanic activity, magma chambers were formed and they intruded into older rocks. The heat of the magma together with active movements along major faults in Hong Kong, created a high temperature and pressure environment, causing the relatively older Carboniferous sedimentary layers to alter. Rocks in Lok Ma Chau became meta-sedimentary rocks and phyllites , which were low-grade metamorphic rocks. This indicates that Lok Ma Chau rocks were not much altered. However, rocks in Ma On Shan and Yuen Long, which were originally limestones , became
1976-506: The mining tunnels and the mining pit can still be seen in Ma On Shan. The main faults in Hong Kong are oriented northeast–southwest, and northwest–southeast (see fig.1). They are generally of the same orientation as those in neighboring Guangdong Province . They are part of the Lianhuashan fault zone that contains faults of similar orientations extended along the southeast China coast to Shanghai . Although faults are recorded throughout
2028-427: The northern boundary of Kowloon. Most of the buildings on the two sides of Victoria Harbour are sitting on the Kowloon granite. The Kowloon granite exhibits a circular shape surrounding Victoria Harbour, and is surrounded by volcanic rocks. The volcanic rocks are oriented in a way such that they are surrounding the circular Kowloon granite. During early Cretaceous period, a ball shaped magma rose. It pushed and deformed
2080-650: The oldest, dateable sedimentary rocks come from the Devonian period (~416 Mya), containing Placoderm (a Devonian fish) fossils, discovered in Bluff Head formation in northeast New Territories . The youngest sedimentary formations date to the Paleogene (~50 Mya) in Tung Ping Chau in northeast Hong Kong. Tung Ping Chau , 'eastern flat island' in Cantonese , is a crescent-shaped island in northeast Hong Kong. Its 'flatness'
2132-409: The provision of equipment at the new facility due to suspected commercial fraud. Much of the original equipment were suspected copies of reputable models and were not fully operable. Repairs and replacements had to be carried out on all dental chairs, stools, bunsen burners, dental drills, instrument modules, ultrasonic scalers, and operating lights. Investigators stated that there was no health threat to
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2184-480: The public. In 1983 the hospital board chairman Lydia Dunn stated that the hospital was one of the foremost dental teaching hospitals in the world. A 1984 report by the Audit Commission stated that 23% of the original equipment in the hospital was faulty, blaming the blunder on mismanagement and confused responsibility. Still, the hospital was considered world-class, and the first cohort of dental graduates eased
2236-537: The remaining 15% are mostly sedimentary rocks located in the northeast New Territories . There are also a very small percentage (less than 1%) of metamorphic rocks in the New Territories, formed by deformation of pre-existing sedimentary rocks ( metamorphism ). The geological history of Hong Kong started as early as the Devonian period (~420 million years ago) which is marked by the discovery of Placoderm (a Devonian fish) fossils in northeast Hong Kong. While
2288-570: The school had 12 schools and special vocational facilities. It became a site for adult education in the evenings, catering to adults with no secondary education diplomas, on 18 October 1955. This was the first such adult education centre in Hong Kong. It is on the Sai Ying Pun Heritage Trail (西營盤歷史文化徑). Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Sai Ying Pun station , which is one of the MTR stations and part of Hong Kong Island line, started servicing
2340-643: The surrounding volcanic rocks outwards and formed the interesting orientations of its surrounding volcanic rocks. The sedimentary rock that makes up around 15% of Hong Kong land surface formed by deposition of alluvial sediments, such as sand, mud, the exoskeletons of marine plankton, and pebbles. As sediments were continually deposited, the older layers were compressed by the weight of overlying younger layers into sedimentary rock. Since sediments always deposit in horizontal layers, any observable deformations, such as folds, record tectonic activities. Fossils are often better preserved in sedimentary rocks. In Hong Kong,
2392-510: The table below. The geology of Hong Kong is dominated by igneous rocks. They are rocks related to volcanic eruptions. During the middle Jurassic to the early Cretaceous period, Hong Kong was right at the convergent plate boundary where the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate subducted beneath the Eurasian continental plate . The oceanic plate carried sea water into the hot lower crust, which lowered
2444-462: The world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.' Lion rock is located on the north of Kowloon Peninsula . Its appearance resembles
2496-554: The youngest rocks in Hong Kong are formed during the Paleogene period(~50 million years old). They are today exposed in Tung Ping Chau in northeast Hong Kong. Each of the three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks formed spectacular geological features in Hong Kong. Igneous rocks formed the hexagonal columns in Sai Kung . Sedimentary rocks formed various erosion features such as wave-cut platforms and sea stacks in Tung Ping Chau. Metamorphic rocks formed
2548-761: Was 24,900 and average occupancy per floor of each house was 8.9. In 1905, the population was 25083. In 1903, most houses were made from soft blue bricks, they had basements, and retaining walls at the front and back due to the steep slope. In the early 1900s, there was a Berlin Foundling House in High Street, a Sailors Home, and a Lunatic Asylum. There are many small lanes in Sai Ying Pun, mostly open only to pedestrians. They had more importance in historical times when they were used to access many houses. Now they are mainly cross connects and back alleys. Some lanes are private, and some may have disappeared. The interest nowadays
2600-625: Was abandoned and demolished to improve hygiene. However, Sheung Fung Lane residents were almost wiped out. Government reports called this area the number IX health district and went into great detail about the buildings where the disease occurred. In 1896, there were 115 cases, in 1898, 153 cases, in 1899, 263 cases, in 1900 98 cases, in 1904 there were 149 cases with 144 dying, and 55 cases in 1905. The great majority of infections in this district resulted in death. In 1902, number 10 and 12 Second Street partially collapsed killing four people and injuring six. An additional storey had been added to number 10 at
2652-700: Was demolished to make way for the current Dental Hospital. Construction on the $ 200 million hospital, designed by the Architectural Services Department , began in 1979. It was planned as a response to a shortage of dentists in the territory. It was opened on 24 March 1981 by Prince Philip , then-president of the British Dental Association . Soon after the hospital opened, the Independent Commission Against Corruption carried out an extensive investigation into
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#17328490431462704-565: Was renamed Bonham Road . From 1884 to 1887, many brothels were declared by the Government to be unlicensed and closed down. These were mainly in First , Second and Third Street , but also in Sheung Fung Lane, Ui On Lane and Centre Street. In 1894, an epidemic of bubonic plague struck and afflicted Sai Ying Pun residents. It was not initially as bad as in neighbouring Tai Ping Shan , which
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