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22-687: The farm Klein Schoemansdal , the property of Z.A.R. president Stephanus Schoeman , was sold to Johannes Francois Celliers who renamed it Rus in Urbe . It was acquired by the state in 1895, and the zoological garden was established at the outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899. It became the official National Zoological Gardens in 1916. After a period of management under the auspices of the South African National Research Foundation,

44-514: A family famous for political and society influence. Her daughter Elsie Maria Aletta Potgieter was the mother of the famous doctor, successful businessman, Broederbond leader and Member of Parliament Dr. Pieter Johannes Potgieter Stofberg , whose father Ds. Jan Hendrik Malan Stofberg was Secretary and Head of NG churches in South-Africa. Schoeman's son with his second wife Gertina Johanna Schutte, General Hendrik Jacobus Schoeman, went on to fight in

66-792: A large piece of the western Transvaal to satisfy a claim by the Barolong tribe. He died in Pretoria in 1890, aged 80. In 1904, both executors of his estate had died and the Master of the Supreme Court had to publicly advertise for anyone willing to finally settle what remained of his estate. Schoeman married three times, finally marrying the widow Elsie Maria Aletta (née van Heerden) of the political figure state-head Pieter Johannes Potgieter , arch-antagonist of Andries Pretorius. Elsie Maria Aletta had children with both political leaders in their marriages and started

88-498: A point close to the entrance at the bottom. Two restaurants are located within the zoo, besides a picnic area on the banks of the Apies River . A crafts market is located outside the zoo entrance. Proceeding from the entrance a visitor encounters a walk-through aviary , enclosures for African penguins , Cape fur seals , leopards , flamingoes , and lemurs , further bird aviaries and the hamadryas baboon and monkey enclosures along

110-561: A so-called 'People's army' against Kruger and his 'State Army' in January 1864, but was defeated at the Crocodile River. Peace was restored when a new election was held in 1864. Pretorius became president for a second time and Kruger retained his position as commander-in-chief. Pretorius resigned as president and retired in 1871 after a spectacular failure to prevent the Keate award which lopped off

132-402: Is located on the slopes of a hill. The two areas are separated by the Apies River flowing through the zoo. Two bridges provide access over the river. Around 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) of pathways are laid out in the zoo. Golf carts are available for rent for those that prefer not to walk; most, but not all of the exhibits are accessible by golf cart. A cable car links the top of the hill with

154-603: The Anglo-Boer War of 1899 – 1902. One of his daughters with Schutte, Catharina Christina Susanna Schoeman, married the Boer general, Johannes Hermanus Michiel Kock . His grandson, Dr. Gustav Preller became not only a leading historian but a renowned "Taalstryder," or champion of the Afrikaans language, while one of his sons, Johan Schoeman achieved renown as a publisher of anti-Communist materials. A great-grandson, Hendrik Schoeman

176-732: The Zoutpansberg but also owned a farm in Pretoria – the area now occupied by the Pretoria Zoo. Bloedstraat was also part of his farm. Stephanus Schoeman was a minor Trekker leader, who had his own flag. He joined Andries Pretorius' group, fighting in the Battle of Blood River . One of the three cannons used in the battle, Ou Grietjie belonged to Schoeman and is now on display in the Voortrekker Monument . As Commandant-General, Stephanus Schoeman

198-542: The Pretoria Zoo today is management under the umbrella of the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). In 2024, the zoo transferred its last elephant, Charley, to a wildlife reserve following negotiations between the South African government and animal rights groups protesting against his confinement. Half of the zoo is situated on relatively flat ground, while the other half

220-603: The Volksraad would not allow Pretorius to resume his former office of president of the ZAR, as well as that of the OFS. Initially, Johannes Hermanus Grobler was appointed as acting president in Pretorius' absence, but Commandant-General Stephanus Schoeman refused to accept Grobler as acting president. Schoeman instead believed that the presidency should have been granted to him as the constitution at

242-537: The ZAR's "Vierkleur". O.J.O. Ferreira, Stormvoël van die Noorde: Stephanus Schoeman in Transvaal. Pretoria: Makro-Boeke, 1978 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (17 September 1819 – 19 May 1901) was a South African political leader. An Afrikaner (or "Boer"), he helped establish the South African Republic ( Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or ZAR; also referred to as Transvaal),

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264-607: The moniker "Stormvogel den Noorden," "Storm bird of the North." The first member of the Schoeman clan arrived in the Cape in 1724 from Ditmarschen in Schleswig-Holstein , Germany. Ditmarschen had been a Boer Republic (Burenrepublik) of Merchant-farmers until 1550, and the memory of this free Boer Republic must have lived on in her sons who emigrated to South Africa. He originally settled in

286-595: The northern hillside are large enclosures for lions , tigers , brown bears , Nubian ibexes , western lowland gorillas and other animals. In the western section the zoo includes two aquariums, and a reptile park, accessed via a separate entrance. Stephanus Schoeman Stephanus Schoeman (14 March 1810 – 19 June 1890) was President of the South African Republic from 6 December 1860 until 17 April 1862. His red hair, fiery temperament and vehement disputes with other Boer leaders earned him

308-606: The time stipulated that in cases of the president's dismissal or death, the presidency should be granted to the oldest member of the Executive Council. Being three years older than Grobler, the presidency should thus have been granted to Schoeman. Schoeman, supported by many dissatisfied burghers, relieved Grobler of his office, assuming it himself. In 1861, the Volksraad decided to take action against Schoeman, who with his followers steadfastly refused to give up his position, Paul Kruger intervened against Schoeman, however, no one

330-498: The western boundary. At the centre of the zoo large sections are set aside for the African savannah waterhole and a set of large enclosures for smaller carnivores, cheetahs , black and white rhinos , giraffes , African bush elephants , hippos , plains zebras , African buffaloes and okapis respectively. Amongst these are smaller enclosures for primates , African wild dogs , red kangaroos and breeding units for birds. Against

352-551: Was Commandant-General of Potchefstroom from 1853 through 1856. In 1857, the nascent ZAR elected Pretorius as its first President. However, in 1859, in an effort to create closer bonds with the Orange Free State , he also became State President of the Orange Free State . This created tension in the ZAR, and in 1860, he resigned as President of the ZAR. After serving as President of the Orange Free State until 1863, Pretorius

374-417: Was appointed as acting Commandant-General. Shortly before the end of 1859, MW Pretorius, who was the son of the popular Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius , was concurrently elected president of the Orange Free State (OFS). The Volksraad granted him six months leave to take up his office in the OFS during which he would negotiate the unification of the two Boer Republics. However, once his leave expired,

396-432: Was involved in a major political conflict with Marthinus Wessel Pretorius , the ZAR's First President and writer of its constitution. Schoeman rejected the constitution. Amongst others, Schoeman was supported by Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg whom he subsequently appointed as a provisional commandant. Van Rensburg represented Schoeman in negotiations with Pretorius's faction. In 1858, when Schoeman fell ill, Van Rensburg

418-553: Was prepared to take extreme action, and bitter letters were exchanged between Schoeman and Kruger. It was only in 1862, when the Volksraad declared the Schoeman factions to be rebels, that Kruger could summon his burghers to the conflict. Kruger, who was elected commandant-general in April 1863, succeeded in driving Schoeman over the Vaal River . Schoeman's faction then tried to restore their position by force of arms. Commandant Jan Viljoen led

440-417: Was re-elected President of the ZAR in 1864, and served a second term until 1871.  Pretorius also served as joint head of state (in the "triumvirate") between 1880 and 1883. He died on 19 May 1901 at Potchefstroom. Pretorius was an important South African Freemason . In an endeavour to establish a new town, he bought two farms named Elandspoort and Daspoort between 1854 and 1855, on which he founded

462-544: Was the Minister of Transport for decades. Minister Schoeman was also a cousin of Dr. Pieter Johannes Potgieter Stofberg . The street in Pretoria, Schoemanstraat is named after him, as is the town, Schoemansdal , which was razed by the Venda in the 1860s. (The ruins are currently being excavated again.) Another Street, Andries Street (originally St. Andries street) is named after his flag, the flag of St. Andrew, flown in opposition to

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484-547: Was the first president of the ZAR, and also compiled its constitution. He was born in Cape Colony , then accompanied his father, the Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius in the migration to the interior. After the death of his father in 1853, he was appointed to succeed him as Commandant-General of the Boer settlers around the city of Potchefstroom and moved from his farm, Kalkheuwel, near Broederstroom , to Potchefstroom. He

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