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50-586: Construction started in 1905, just south of and adjacent to the Presidio , a former army base that is now a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area . Amenities unusual for residential developments of that time included electric street lights, underground utilities and roads designed for auto traffic. The neighborhood was developed by the firm of Baldwin & Howell, a leading San Francisco real estate development company. It thrived following

100-660: A former airfield, has undergone extensive restoration and is now a popular recreational area. It borders on the San Francisco Marina in the east and on the Golden Gate Bridge in the west. The park has a large inventory of approximately 800 buildings, many of them historical. By 2004, about 50% of the buildings on park grounds had been restored and partially remodeled. The Presidio Trust has contracted commercial real estate management companies to help attract and retain residential and commercial tenants. The total capacity

150-422: A habitat for flora and fauna, previously not in the site's evidence. It also restored a historic grass airfield that became a culturally significant military airfield between 1919 and 1936. The park at Crissy Field expanded and widened the recreational opportunities of the existing 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -mile (2.4 km) San Francisco shore to a broader number of Presidio residents and visitors. A major component of

200-649: A high-tech Presidio museum and a 7-acre (2.8 ha) "Great Lawn" that is now open to the public. In 2007, Donald Fisher , founder of the Gap clothing stores and former board member of the Presidio Trust, announced a plan to build a 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m ) museum tentatively named the Contemporary Art Museum of the Presidio, to house his art collection. Due to opposition, Fisher withdrew his plans to build

250-598: A local geographic term, the area referred to as "the Peninsula" is distinct from that denoted by "the City", and refers to the portion south of San Francisco. The appellation may date to the period prior to 1856, when the City of San Francisco and the County of San Francisco were separate entities, the latter then coextensive with contemporary San Mateo County and San Francisco City-County. The City-County owns several disjunct properties along

300-678: A significant agreement with Lucasfilm to build a new facility called the Letterman Digital Arts Center (LDAC), which is now Lucasfilm's corporate headquarters. The site replaced portions of what was the Letterman Hospital. George Lucas won the development rights for 15 acres (6.1 ha) of the Presidio, in June 1999, after beating out several rival plans, including a leading proposal by the Shorenstein Company. LDAC replaced

350-529: Is San Francisco International Airport , itself connected to US 101 and BART and accessible to Caltrain (via a BART connection at Milbrae station). San Jose International Airport , is the next largest airport in the region serving and might be a more viable option for the southern peninsula. The airport is connected to US 101 and there is a single connector bus, VTA Line 60, that links to Caltrain (at Santa Clara Transit Center) and to eastern lines of BART (Milpitas). Oakland International Airport , located in

400-646: Is a park and former U.S. Army post on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco , California , and is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area . It had been a fortified location since September 17, 1776, when New Spain established the presidio to gain a foothold in Alta California and the San Francisco Bay . It passed to Mexico in 1820, which in turn passed to

450-503: Is estimated at 5,000 residents when all buildings have been rehabilitated. Among the Presidio's residents is The Bay School of San Francisco, a private, coeducational college preparatory school located in the central Main Post area. Others include The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation , Tides Foundation , the Arion Press , Sports Basement Presidio, and The Walt Disney Family Museum , a museum in

500-462: Is estimated that there may be at least four coyote families living in the park. The visitor centers are operated by the National Park Service : Crissy Field Center (former Air Service / Air Corps / Army Air Forces airfield) is an urban environmental education center with programs for schools, public workshops, after-school programs, summer camps, and more. The center is operated by

550-911: Is the City and County of San Francisco . Its southern base is Los Altos and Mountain View , in Santa Clara County , south of Palo Alto and north of Sunnyvale . Most of the Peninsula is occupied by San Mateo County , between San Francisco and Santa Clara counties, and including the cities and towns of Atherton , Belmont , Brisbane , Burlingame , Colma , Daly City , East Palo Alto , El Granada , Foster City , Half Moon Bay , Hillsborough , La Honda , Loma Mar , Los Altos , Los Altos Hills , Menlo Park , Millbrae , Mountain View , Pacifica , Palo Alto , Pescadero , Portola Valley , Redwood City , Redwood Shores , San Bruno , San Carlos , San Mateo , South San Francisco , West Menlo Park and Woodside . Whereas

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600-702: Is the San Francisco National Cemetery . Among the military personnel interred there are General Frederick Funston , hero of the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War , and commanding officer of the Presidio at the time of the 1906 earthquake ; and General Irvin McDowell , a Union Army commander who lost the First Battle of Bull Run . The Marine Hospital operated a cemetery for merchant seamen approximately 100–250 yards (91–229 m) from

650-468: The 1906 San Francisco earthquake as prosperous families rebuilt outside the destroyed neighborhoods in the eastern part of the city. Presidio Terrace was originally marketed to white residents only. "There is only one spot in San Francisco where only Caucasians are permitted to buy or lease real estate or where they may reside. That place is Presidio Terrace", according to a 1906 brochure distributed by

700-461: The East Bay , is the smallest of the three and is also accessible directly via BART. The San Francisco Peninsula contains a variety of habitats including estuarine , marine, oak woodland , redwood forest, coastal scrub and oak savanna . There are numerous species of wildlife present, especially along the San Francisco Bay estuarine shoreline , San Bruno Mountain , Fitzgerald Marine Reserve and

750-469: The Golden Gate Bridge , San Francisco Bay, and the Pacific Ocean . It was recognized as a California Historical Landmark in 1933 and as a National Historic Landmark in 1962. The Presidio was originally a Spanish fort sited by Juan Bautista de Anza on March 28, 1776, built by a party led by José Joaquín Moraga later that year. The limestone used to build the presidio was mined by Ohlones at

800-496: The Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and overlooks a restored tidal marsh . The facilities include interactive environmental exhibits, a media lab, a resource library, an art workshop, a science lab, a gathering room, a teaching kitchen, a café, and a bookstore. The landscape of Crissy Field was designed by George Hargreaves . The project restored a naturally functioning and sustaining tidal wetland as

850-575: The Rockaway Quarry . In 1783, the Presidio's garrison numbered only 33 men. Upon Mexican independence from Spain in 1821, it was briefly operated as a Mexican fortification. The Presidio was seized by the U.S. military at the start of the Mexican–American War in 1846. It was officially reopened by the Americans in 1848 and became home to several army headquarters and units, the last being

900-548: The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority operates buses to other parts of Santa Clara County. Most of the peninsula's bus transit to the East Bay and North Bay flowing through San Francisco, as neither AC Transit nor Golden Gate Transit , the primary transit operators for the East and North Bay respectively, serve the peninsula south of San Francisco. The peninsula's largest commercial airport

950-677: The United States 6th Army . Several famous U.S. generals, such as William Tecumseh Sherman , George Henry Thomas , and John J. Pershing , made their homes here. During its long history, the Presidio was involved in most of America's military engagements in the Pacific Rim . Importantly, it was the assembly point for army forces that invaded the Philippines during the Spanish–American War , America's first significant military engagement in

1000-579: The United States Congress created the Presidio Trust to oversee and manage the interior 80% of the park's lands, with the National Park Service managing the coastal 20%. In a first-of-its-kind structure, Congress mandated that the Presidio Trust make the Presidio financially self-sufficient by 2013. The Presidio achieved the goal in 2005, eight years ahead of the deadline. The park has many wooded areas, hills, and scenic vistas overlooking

1050-698: The forests on the Montara Mountain block. The area is home to several endangered species including the San Francisco garter snake , the Mission blue butterfly and the San Bruno elfin butterfly , all of which are endemic to San Mateo County . The endangered California clapper rail is also found on the shores of San Francisco Bay , in the cities of Belmont and San Mateo . Although tule elk , an elk subspecies found only in California, were historically native to

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1100-602: The Peninsula is on the east side of the Santa Cruz Mountains , along San Francisco Bay ; the west and south-central portions of the Peninsula are mostly rural, unincorporated, and unorganized areas. A substantial portion of Silicon Valley is located on the peninsula. In Silicon Valley are the headquarters of some of the largest tech companies in the world, such as Google, Yahoo, Facebook, and Apple. Since 2010, droughts and wildfires have increased in frequency and become less seasonal and more year-round, further straining

1150-618: The Presidio's park attractions is the Presidio Tunnel Tops, which has created a 14-acre park (5.7 ha) on top of the tunneled portions of Doyle Drive. The park contains several meadows and walking trails, along with viewpoints for major landmarks such as the Golden Gate Bridge. Negotiations between Caltrans , the San Francisco County Transportation Authority , and the Presidio Trust to finalize

1200-555: The San Francisco Peninsula, they were hunted to extinction by 1850. Expansion of Diablo Range elk to western Santa Clara County , and San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties has been blocked by U.S. Highway 101 in Coyote Valley south of San Jose, California . A number of noteworthy parks and nature preserves are found on the San Francisco Peninsula, including: There are a number of well-known structures and complexes on

1250-531: The United States in 1848. As part of a military reduction program under the Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) process from 1988, Congress voted to end the Presidio's status as an active military installation of the U.S. Army . On October 1, 1994, it was transferred to the National Park Service , ending 219 years of military use and beginning its next phase of mixed commercial and public use. In 1996,

1300-500: The couple as "bottom-feeding pirates attempting to extort and hold San Francisco residents hostage". In April 2018, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that the municipal government had failed to bill the homeowner's association for water used for irrigation of landscaping for 113 years. In the preceding ten years, the cost of the water was $ 59,548, and the homeowner's association promptly paid that amount. Temple Emanu-El

1350-469: The developer. A 1948 Supreme Court case, Shelley v. Kraemer , which banned enforcement of racial covenants in housing, invalidated restrictions of this type nationwide. In 2015, as a result of delinquent non-payment of county property taxes by the homeowners association, a San Jose couple, Tina Lam and Michael Cheng, were able to purchase the street, sidewalks and all other “common ground", including garden islands and palm trees, for $ 90,000. The tax bill

1400-548: The east side along the bay, Interstate 280 down the center, Skyline Boulevard ( SR 35 ) along the crest of the Santa Cruz Mountains , and SR 1 on the west along the Pacific, and SR 85 which forms the southern end of the Peninsula. Caltrain is the primary passenger rail transit in the peninsula, serving much of the eastern urbanized areas of the peninsula between Mountain View (which also connects to VTA light rail ) and San Francisco's 4th and King Street station. In addition,

1450-524: The first of a series of sculptures in the Presidio, the Spire . It is 100 feet (30 m) tall and located near the Arguello Gate. It represents the tree replanting effort that has been underway at the Presidio. Spire was followed by Wood Line in 2011, Tree Fall in 2013, and Earth Wall in 2014. In 2010, a trampoline park called House of Air was built using an old aircraft hangar. As of 2023, it

1500-457: The former Lucasfilm headquarters in San Rafael . The $ 300 million development includes nearly 900,000 square feet (84,000 m ) of office space and a 150,000-square-foot (14,000 m ) underground parking garage with a capacity of 2,500 employees. Lucasfilm's Industrial Light & Magic , Lucas Licensing, and Lucas Online divisions reside at the site. George Lucas's proposal included plans for

1550-583: The hospital property. Based on city municipal records, historians estimate that the cemetery was used from 1885 to 1912. As part of the "Trails Forever" initiative, the Parks Conservancy, the National Park Service, and the Presidio Trust partnered to build a walking trail along the south side of the site featuring interpretive signage about its history. The Presidio was the home of the Western Defense Command headquarters during World War II . It

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1600-486: The land transfer for the park lasted from 2015 to 2018. The budget for the park is $ 100 million, funded with public funds from the Presidio Trust and private contributions. The park opened for public use on July 17, 2022. San Francisco Peninsula The San Francisco Peninsula is a peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area that separates San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean . On its northern tip

1650-673: The memory of Walt Disney. Many various commercial enterprises also lease buildings on the Presidio. The Thoreau Center for Sustainability preserved sections of the Letterman Army Hospital . The Presidio of San Francisco is the only site in a national recreation area with an extensive residential leasing program. The Presidio has four creeks that park stewards and volunteers are restoring to expand their riparian habitats' former extents. The creeks are Lobos and Dragonfly creeks, El Polin Spring , and Coyote Gulch . The Trust entered

1700-609: The museum in the Presidio and instead donated the art to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art before he died in 2009. As the Doyle Drive viaduct was deemed seismically unsafe and obsolete, construction started on the demolition of Doyle Drive in 2008 to replace the structure with a flat, broad-lane highway with a tunnel through the bluffs above Crissy Field , called the Presidio Parkway . The project cost $ 1 billion and

1750-505: The need to maximize income by leasing historic buildings and permitting public use despite most structures being rented privately. Further differences have arisen from the divergent needs to preserve the integrity of the National Historic Landmark District in the face of new construction, competing pressures for natural habitat restoration, and requirements for commercial purposes that impede public access. Crissy Field,

1800-526: The park in partnership with the National Park Service. The trust has jurisdiction over the interior of 80 percent of the Presidio, including nearly all its historic structures. The National Park Service manages coastal areas. Primary law enforcement throughout the Presidio is the jurisdiction of the United States Park Police . One of the main objectives of the Presidio Trust's program was achieving financial self-sufficiency by fiscal year 2013, which

1850-579: The peninsula has access to Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) northward of Millbrae , connecting San Mateo County and San Francisco to the East Bay through a route over and under Daly City , Glen Park , San Francisco's Mission district , and through part of Market Street subway . Bus service is predominantly provided by SamTrans and the SFMTA 's Muni buses, which primarily run in San Mateo and San Francisco counties respectively. In addition, southward of Palo Alto,

1900-588: The peninsula is a densely populated and largely urban and suburban area that includes portions of Silicon Valley. It forms a commuter area between San Francisco to the north and San Jose to the south. The bridges in the Peninsula include the Dumbarton Bridge , the Golden Gate Bridge , the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge , and the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge . A number of major thoroughfares run north-south: El Camino Real ( SR 82 ) and US 101 on

1950-608: The region's water security . Along the center line of the Peninsula is the northern half of the Santa Cruz Mountains , formed by the action of plate tectonics along the San Andreas Fault . In the middle of the Peninsula along the fault is the Crystal Springs Reservoir . Just north of the Crystal Springs reservoir is San Andreas Lake , after which the geologic fault was originally named. The east side of

2000-577: The region. Beginning in the 1890s, the Presidio was home to the Letterman Army Medical Center (LAMC), named in 1911 for Jonathan Letterman , the medical director of the Civil War –era Army of the Potomac . LAMC provided thousands of war-wounded with high-quality medical care during every US foreign conflict of the 20th century. One of the last two remaining cemeteries within the city's limits

2050-521: The street, the homeowners complained to San Francisco Board of Supervisors asking that the sale be voided. In addition the British Consulate, which has owned a house on the street as a consular residence since 2003, raised security concerns. On November 28, 2017, the Board of Supervisors voted 7–4 to reverse the sale, reverting ownership to the homeowners. After the vote, Supervisor Mark Farrell referred to

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2100-404: The term peninsula in a geographical sense technically refers to the entire San Francisco Peninsula, in local jargon, "The Peninsula" does not include the city of San Francisco. In 1795, Governor Diego de Borica gave José Darío Argüello a Spanish land grant known as Rancho de las Pulgas . This rancho was the largest grant on the peninsula consisting of 35,260 acres (142.7 km ). As

2150-564: The whole of the Peninsula (mostly water pumping stations connected to the Hetch Hetchy Valley on which San Francisco has a permanent leasehold) – thus, most of the larger communities in San Mateo County are de facto suburbs of San Francisco, with the neighboring communities of Pacifica, Daly City, Broadmoor, Colma, South San Francisco, Half Moon Bay, San Bruno, and Brisbane being immediate suburbs. The remaining suburban area of

2200-988: The years, including San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto , Ms. Claribel Rapp and her first and second husbands, Messrs Elmer G. Beckstrom and the former Peruvian Ambassador to the United States Fernando Berckemeyer Pazos ,(30 Presidio Terrace), United States Congresswoman and first female Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi , Senator Dianne Feinstein and her husband, financier Richard C. Blum (30 Presidio Terrace) their daughter Heidi Blum (1 Presidio Terrace) , and novelist and newspaper columnist Merla Zellerbach (24 Presidio Terrace) and her daughter 37°47′18″N 122°27′38″W  /  37.78833°N 122.46056°W  / 37.78833; -122.46056 Presidio of San Francisco The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis )

2250-474: Was being sent to 47 Kearny Street and the homeowners association blamed a defunct accountant but the owner of 47 Kearny street claimed that no such arrangement existed with the homeowner's association. "Handford Freund has never managed the Presidio Homeowners Association or whatever it may be named." Worried that the new property owners would charge them for parking in the 120 parking spaces on

2300-670: Was built on an adjacent parcel on the northwest corner of Arguello Boulevard and Lake Street in 1925, and the Little Sisters of the Poor is also close by. Architectural styles in the neighborhood include Beaux-Arts , Mission Revival , and Tudor Revival . Julia Morgan designed an Italian Renaissance villa in Presidio Terrace in 1909. A plan to modernize the architecture of one house in the 1990s aroused objections by neighbors. Many notable San Franciscans have lived in Presidio Terrace over

2350-511: Was here that Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt signed 108 Civilian Exclusion Orders and directives for the internment of Japanese Americans under the authority of Executive Order 9066 signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942. The Presidio sent its few remaining units to war for the last time in 1991 for Desert Storm , the First Gulf War. The role of the Sixth Army

2400-461: Was reached in 2006. Immediately after its inception, the trust began preparing rehabilitation plans for the park. Many areas had to be decontaminated before being prepared for public use. The Presidio Trust Act calls for the "preservation of the cultural and historic integrity of the Presidio for public use." The Act also requires that the Presidio Trust be financially self-sufficient by 2013. These imperatives have resulted in numerous conflicts between

2450-514: Was scheduled to be completed by 2016. The Trust plans to create a promenade that will link the Lombard Gate and the new Lucasfilm campus to the Main Post and, ultimately, to the Golden Gate Bridge. The promenade is part of a trail expansion plan that will add 24 miles (39 km) of new pathways and eight scenic overlooks throughout the park. In October 2008, artist Andy Goldsworthy constructed

2500-456: Was the management of training and coordinating deployment of Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve units in the Western U.S. for Operation Desert Storm. After a hard-fought battle, the Presidio averted being sold at auction and came under the management of the Presidio Trust, a U.S. government corporation established by an act of Congress in 1996. The Presidio Trust now manages most of

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