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26-1473: 44°19′54″N 71°20′34″W  /  44.33154°N 71.34270°W  / 44.33154; -71.34270  ( Mount Bowman ) 44°16′47″N 71°17′11″W  /  44.27965°N 71.28638°W  / 44.27965; -71.28638  ( Nelson Crag ) 44°15′10″N 071°17′39″W  /  44.25278°N 71.29417°W  / 44.25278; -71.29417  ( Boott Spur ) 44°12.88′N 71°18.58′W  /  44.21467°N 71.30967°W  / 44.21467; -71.30967  ( Mount Isolation ) 44°12′15″N 71°18′38″W  /  44.20417°N 71.31056°W  / 44.20417; -71.31056  ( Mount Davis ) 44°09′21″N 71°19′11″W  /  44.15587°N 71.31978°W  / 44.15587; -71.31978  ( Stairs Mountain ) 44°08′51″N 71°18′50″W  /  44.14753°N 71.31402°W  / 44.14753; -71.31402  ( Mount Resolution ) 44°08′12″N 71°19′57″W  /  44.13665°N 71.33239°W  / 44.13665; -71.33239  ( Mount Crawford ) 44°06′26″N 71°20′04″W  /  44.10725°N 71.33449°W  / 44.10725; -71.33449  ( Mount Hope ) 44°07′25″N 71°17′55″W  /  44.12355°N 71.29856°W  / 44.12355; -71.29856  ( Mount Parker ) Download coordinates as: The Presidential Range

52-411: A single day in summer, but during winter it is generally a two- to four-day venture. The traverse is considered strenuous. The range is notorious for its unpredictable and inclement weather, with some of the deadliest mountains in the continental United States . Due to its unique location relative to other geographic features, it holds the world record for highest recorded surface wind speed not within

78-438: A tropical cyclone. Fatalities in this area are dominated by those that occur on Mount Washington, the highest peak in the range. The New Hampshire Fish and Game Department conducts an average of 200 rescues a year for hikers in need of assistance. Mountain range A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt

104-548: Is a mountain range located in the White Mountains of the U.S. state of New Hampshire . Containing the highest peaks of the Whites , its most notable summits are named for American presidents , followed by prominent public figures of the 18th and 19th centuries. The Presidential Range is notorious for having some of the worst weather on Earth, mainly because of the unpredictability of high wind speeds and whiteout conditions on

130-598: Is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny . Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of plate tectonics . Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets . Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys . Individual mountains within

156-625: Is a mountain in New Hampshire , the second highest peak in the Northeast United States after its nearby neighbor, Mount Washington . Located in the northern Presidential Range , Mount Adams was named after John Adams , the second President of the United States . It was given this name on July 31, 1820. To the northeast is Mount Madison and to the southwest is Mount Jefferson . From the summit, Mount Washington can be seen directly to

182-709: Is almost entirely in Coos County . The highest mountains in the Presidential Range are named principally for U.S. presidents, with the tallest mountain (Mount Washington) named for the first president and the second tallest ( Mount Adams ) for the second president. Among the range's most notable summits (in sequence from southwest to northeast): Mount Adams has four subsidiary peaks besides its summit that are also commonly recognized by name. Two are listed above (Sam Adams and John Quincy Adams). The third and fourth are: The summits marked with an asterisk (*) are included on

208-525: Is at work while the mountains are being uplifted until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains. The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado provides an example. As the uplift was occurring some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to

234-490: Is considered the standard winter route on Mount Adams, as it is perhaps the most direct route to the summit. The route gains about 4,500 feet (1,400 m) in elevation over about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from trailhead to summit. The last 1,000 feet of this route are extremely exposed, leaving mountaineers vulnerable to the storms known to frequent mountains in the Presidential Range. Due to their relative proximity, Mount Adams and nearby Mount Madison are frequently climbed on

260-512: Is known to have dangerously erratic weather, especially in winter. There is a prominent sign just prior to the most exposed section of Mount Adams urging hikers to turn around at the first sign of inclement weather. Winter hiking anywhere in the White Mountains requires specialized equipment and skills, as severe storms can develop suddenly. High winds and low temperatures can combine to make winter conditions on Mount Adams approximately equal to

286-823: The Alpide belt . The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the Andes of South America, extends through the North American Cordillera , the Aleutian Range , on through Kamchatka Peninsula , Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines , Papua New Guinea , to New Zealand . The Andes is 7,000 kilometres (4,350 mi) long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system. The Alpide belt stretches 15,000 km across southern Eurasia , from Java in Maritime Southeast Asia to

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312-538: The Annamite Range . If the definition of a mountain range is stretched to include underwater mountains, then the Ocean Ridge forms the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi). The position of mountain ranges influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools, producing orographic precipitation (rain or snow). As

338-772: The Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe , including the ranges of the Himalayas , Karakoram , Hindu Kush , Alborz , Caucasus , and the Alps . The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest , which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high. Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera , Appalachians , Great Dividing Range , East Siberians , Altais , Scandinavians , Qinling , Western Ghats , Vindhyas , Byrrangas , and

364-622: The Mithrim Montes and Doom Mons on Titan, and Tenzing Montes and Hillary Montes on Pluto. Some terrestrial planets other than Earth also exhibit rocky mountain ranges, such as Maxwell Montes on Venus taller than any on Earth and Tartarus Montes on Mars . Jupiter's moon Io has mountain ranges formed from tectonic processes including the Boösaule , Dorian, Hi'iaka and Euboea Montes . Mount Adams (New Hampshire) Mount Adams , elevation 5,793 feet (1,766 m) above sea level ,

390-719: The Saco and Androscoggin rivers into the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of Maine , from drainage into the Israel and Ammonoosuc rivers, thence into the Connecticut River , and thence into Long Island Sound . The so-called Presidential Traverse is a hike that traverses each major summit along the 19 miles (31 km) of the Presidential ridge. The traverse encompasses over 8,500 feet (2,600 m) in elevation gain. It can be done in

416-533: The peak bagging list of 4,000-foot and higher mountains in New Hampshire; the others are excluded, in some cases because of lesser height and in others because of more technical criteria. Aside from the notable summits, the Presidential Range contains a number of additional named peaks. Several of these peaks, drained on their west faces by the Dry River , are less accessible than the main and most-visited ridge of

442-623: The air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (following the adiabatic lapse rate ) and is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a rain shadow will affect the leeward side of a range. As a consequence, large mountain ranges, such as the Andes, compartmentalize continents into distinct climate regions . Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to erosional forces which work to tear them down. The basins adjacent to an eroding mountain range are then filled with sediments that are buried and turned into sedimentary rock . Erosion

468-485: The east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift. The removal of such a mass from the core of the range most likely caused further uplift as the region adjusted isostatically in response to the removed weight. Rivers are traditionally believed to be the principal cause of mountain range erosion, by cutting into bedrock and transporting sediment. Computer simulation has shown that as mountain belts change from tectonically active to inactive,

494-721: The end of Durand Ridge, and King Ravine, on the north side of Mount Adams are in the town of Randolph (formerly Durand). The entire south side of the mountain ridge is in Thompson and Meserve's Purchase . The Appalachian Trail traverses the col between Mount Adams and Mount Sam Adams on the Gulfside Trail. The Randolph Mountain Club (RMC) maintains the trails and several huts and shelters high on Mount Adams' north side, including "The Perch", "Crag Camp", "The Log Cabin", and "Gray Knob". A large network of hiking and climbing paths lead south to

520-578: The higher summits. Because of the poor weather conditions, the Presidential Range is often used for mountaineering training for those who go on to climb some of the world's highest mountains, including K2 and Everest. Mount Washington , long home of the highest winds recorded on the surface of the Earth at 231 mph (372 km/h), is the tallest at 6,288 ft (1,917 m), followed by neighboring peaks Mount Adams at 5,793 ft (1,766 m) and Mount Jefferson at 5,712 ft (1,741 m). The range

546-412: The huts and ridges from several parking areas located on U.S. Highway 2 . The Aetherius Society claims that Mount Adams is one of 19 "holy mountains" around the world. Mount Adams is a popular hiking and climbing destination for experienced and novice mountaineers alike. The mountain is climbed in all four seasons, although it is more often climbed from late spring through early fall. The peak

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572-405: The range. Subsidiary peaks of Mount Washington: North from Mount Washington: South from Mount Washington: The summits marked with an asterisk (*) are included on the peak-bagging list of 4,000-foot and higher mountains in New Hampshire; the others are excluded, in some cases because of lesser height and in others because of more technical criteria. The Presidentials separate drainage via

598-617: The rate of erosion drops because there are fewer abrasive particles in the water and fewer landslides. Mountains on other planets and natural satellites of the Solar System, including the Moon , are often isolated and formed mainly by processes such as impacts, though there are examples of mountain ranges (or "Montes") somewhat similar to those on Earth. Saturn 's moon Titan and Pluto , in particular, exhibit large mountain ranges in chains composed mainly of ices rather than rock. Examples include

624-473: The same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology . They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes , for example thrust sheets , uplifted blocks , fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types . Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either the Pacific Ring of Fire or

650-464: The south. There are two major subsidiary peaks of Mount Adams: Mount Sam Adams and Mount Quincy Adams , named after John Adams' cousin, Revolutionary leader Samuel Adams , and son, President John Quincy Adams , respectively, and two minor sub-peaks, Abigail Adams (named for John Adams' wife Abigail ) and Adams 5 . The northern side of the mountain ridge is located in Low and Burbank's Grant , and

676-467: The worst reported from Antarctica. There are numerous direct routes to the summit of Mount Adams. All routes are considered either Class 1 or Class 2 , involve about 4 miles (6 km) to 5 miles (8 km) each way, and gain approximately 4,500 feet (1,400 m) in elevation. One popular route on Adams year-round is the Valley Way, which connects with the Gulfside Trail and Lowe's Path. The Air Line

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