58-568: Prescot Street is a street in Aldgate in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in Central London . It runs between Goodman's Yard and Mansell Street in the west and Leman Street in the east. The area, including Ayliff Street, Leman Street and Mansell Street as well as Prescot Street, was built up in the seventeenth century as part of the development of Goodman's Fields by William Leman . Prescot
116-527: A Jewish family in Aldgate. He was author of The Art of Boxing and became an English boxing champion from 1792 to 1795. From 1700 distances into Essex and Middlesex were measured from Aldgate Pump. The original pump was taken down in 1876, and a "faux" pump and drinking fountain was erected several yards to the west of the original; it was supplied by water from the New River . In ancient deeds, Alegate Well
174-479: A Saxon named "Ealh," or reference to foreigners ("el") or oil ("ele") or "awl". Gillian Bebbington, writing in 1972, suggests Alegate, Aelgate ("public gate") or Aeldgate ("Old Gate") as equally viable alternatives, while Weinreb and Hibbert, writing in 1983, revert to Stow's theory that the name means "Old Gate". It is thought that a gate at Aldgate spanned the road to Colchester in the Roman period, when London Wall
232-525: A greater share because he had cared for their mother during her final years). He had further arguments with neighbours, including William Ditcher and a Mister Crowche. His quarrel with his rival chronicler Richard Grafton is noted below. Stow's literary efforts did not prove very remunerative, but he accepted his relative poverty with cheerful spirit: Ben Jonson relates once walking with him when Stow jocularly asked two mendicant cripples "what they would have to take him to their order". From 1579 he
290-430: A real quill pen, in a manner similar to the effigy of William Shakespeare at Stratford-upon-Avon : the latter monument has been attributed, on equally tentative grounds, either to Nicholas Johnson's brother, Gerard , or more recently to Nicholas himself. In acknowledgement of Stow's continuing reputation as the founding father of London history, the quill held by his effigy has been periodically renewed. The renewal
348-466: A sixth by the same editor in 1754. The edition of 1598 was reprinted, edited by William John Thoms , in 1842, in 1846, and (with illustrations) in 1876. An edition based on that of 1598, edited by Henry Morley , was published in 1889, and has been reprinted on several occasions since. A critical edition , based on that of 1603 and edited in two volumes by C. L. Kingsford , was published in 1908, and republished with additional notes in 1927. This remains
406-640: A youth Stow would fetch milk every morning from a farm on the land nearby to the east owned by the Minoresses of the Convent of St. Clare . There is no evidence that he ever attended a grammar school : his learning appears to have been largely self-acquired. Stow did not take up his father's trade of tallow chandlery , instead becoming an apprentice, and in 1547 a freeman , of the Merchant Taylors' Company , by which stage he had set up business in premises close to
464-410: Is mentioned as taking place "annually" in 1828; and, although the custom may later have fallen into abeyance, it was revived following the monument's restoration by the Merchant Taylors' Company in 1905. In 1924, the ceremony was incorporated into a special church service, with an address by a London historian; and this service continued to be held annually every April until 1991, including the years of
522-466: Is mentioned, adjoining the City wall, and this may have been the source (of water) for the original pump. A section of the remains of Holy Trinity Priory can be seen through a window in a nearby office block, on the north side. In the 1970s, the historic street pattern in central Aldgate was altered to form one large traffic gyratory at the junction which included Whitechapel High Street and Commercial Road. This
580-457: Is now bounded by White Kennet Street in the north and Crutched Friars in the south, taking in Leadenhall and Fenchurch Streets . It therefore now includes a small area outside the line of the former walls. The Augustinians priory of Holy Trinity Aldgate was founded by Matilda , the wife of King Henry I , in 1108, on ground just inside the gate. Within Aldgate ward, a short distance to
638-470: Is prominently marked by a course of paving on the western side of the square. Notable sculptures in Aldgate are the bronze abstract "Ridirich" (1980) by Keith McCarter in the Square between Little Somerset Street and the bus garage on Aldgate High Street; "Sanctuary" (1985) outside the church of St Botolph without Aldgate made of fibreglass by Naomi Blake ; "Column" (1995) cast in bronze by Richard Perry marking
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#1732848663588696-576: Is the closest Docklands Light Railway station. Listed clockwise from the West John Stow John Stow ( also Stowe ; 1524/25 – 5 April 1605) was an English historian and antiquarian . He wrote a series of chronicles of English history , published from 1565 onwards under such titles as The Summarie of Englyshe Chronicles , The Chronicles of England , and The Annales of England ; and also A Survey of London (1598; second edition 1603). A. L. Rowse has described him as "one of
754-617: The Aldgate Pump in Aldgate , near to Leadenhall Street and Fenchurch Street . In about 1560 he started upon his major work, the Survey of London . His antiquarian interests attracted suspicion from the ecclesiastical authorities as a person "with many dangerous and superstitious books in his possession", and in February 1569 his house was searched. An inventory was made of all the books at his home, especially those "in defence of papistry ", but he
812-750: The Camden Society , edited by James Gairdner , as Three Fifteenth Century Chronicles, with Historical Memoranda by John Stowe the Antiquary, and Contemporary Notes of Occurrences written by him . The manuscript and printed works that made up his library are now scattered, but can often be identified through the many annotations he made to them. Stow's widow commissioned a mural monument to him in St Andrew Undershaft, made of Derbyshire marble and alabaster. The work has been tentatively attributed to Nicholas Johnson . It includes an effigy of Stow, which
870-516: The Chronicle of Matthew Paris in 1571, and the Historia brevis of Thomas Walsingham in 1574. In the Chronicle of England 1590 Stow writes: "To The Honorable Sir John Hart , Lord Maior. The Chronicle written before that nothing is perfect the first time, and that it is incident to mankinde to erre and slip sometimes, but the point of fanta[s]tical fooles to preserve and continue in their errors." At
928-553: The Court of Aldermen and Commoners (the City equivalent of a councillor ) to the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation . Only electors who are Freemen of the City are eligible to stand. The Wards of London appear to have taken shape in the 11th century, before the Norman Conquest. Their administrative, judicial and military purpose made them equivalent to Hundreds in
986-574: The Second World War . No services could be held in 1992 or 1993 because of damage to the church caused by the Baltic Exchange bomb of 1992. The service was revived in 1994, but from 1996 to 2017 was held only once every three years. The service due to take place in 2020 was cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic , and the next service took place in 2024. The services are jointly sponsored by
1044-564: The Summarie Abridged in 1567, 1573, 1584, 1587, 1598, and 1604. The Summarie Abridged makes disparaging allusions in its preface to the rival Abridgement of the Chronicles of England of Richard Grafton : the dispute between the two men continued to fester until Grafton's death in 1573. In 1580, Stow published the more expansive The Chronicles of England, from Brute unto this present yeare of Christ, 1580 . He later developed this into
1102-899: The Swiss Re Building) now occupies the site, and the Baltic Exchange is located at 38 St Mary Axe. The ward today is dominated by the insurance industry, with several brokers and underwriters based there; prominent buildings include the Lloyd's Register building, 30 St Mary Axe, the Willis Building and the London Metal Exchange . Three churches are located in Aldgate ward: St. Botolph's , St Katharine Cree (1631) and St Andrew Undershaft (1532) – administered from St. Helen's in Lime Street ward . The Bevis Marks Synagogue (1699),
1160-476: The Whitechapel area of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets . The stretch of Whitechapel High Street extending as far as Gardiners Corner , and including Aldgate East tube station is also occasionally referred to as part of Aldgate. The church of St Botolph's Aldgate stands just outside the position of the former gate, and was in place by 1115, though some traditions suggest an earlier origin. In about 1420
1218-486: The Whitechapel Bell Foundry was founded in Aldgate, but it later moved to nearby Whitechapel . The foundry continued to supply bells to churches in the city, including the rebuilt church of St Botolph without Aldgate in 1744. During the late 16th-century, an immigrant from Antwerp named Jacob Jansen (d. 1593) established a pottery producing English Delftware at Aldgate. A Jewish community developed in
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#17328486635881276-670: The oldest in the United Kingdom , is also located in the ward, on Bevis Marks . John Cass 's school, where a plaque records the former course of London Wall, is sited on the north side of Aldgate (the street). The nearest London Underground station is Aldgate on the Circle and Metropolitan lines ; nearby Aldgate East is served today by the District and Hammersmith & City lines . Nearby mainline railway stations are located at Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street , and Tower Gateway
1334-419: The 16th century, John Stow derived the name from "Old Gate" (Aeld Gate). However, Henry Harben, writing in 1918, contended that this was wrong and that documents show that the "d" is missing in documents written before 1486–87. Alternative meanings include "Ale Gate" in connection with a putative ale-house or "All Gate" meaning the gate was free to all. Other possibilities canvassed by Harben include reference to
1392-497: The area after Oliver Cromwell invited the Jews to return to England. They established London's oldest synagogue at Bevis Marks in 1698, In 1773 Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral by Phillis Wheatley , the first book by an African American was published in Aldgate after her owners could not find a publisher in Boston , Massachusetts. Daniel Mendoza was born in 1764 to
1450-533: The attackers. While he was a customs official, from 1374 until 1386 - including the period of the Great Rising, Geoffrey Chaucer occupied apartments above the gate, where he wrote some of his poems. London's aldermen had first conceived of renting unneeded space over the City gates earlier in the century. Although keenly sought after due to their location, the rooms "were built for military occupancy and remained rough-hewn [and] nonprivate". Chaucer likely occupied
1508-420: The best historians of that age; indefatigable in the trouble he took, thorough and conscientious, accurate – above all things devoted to truth". John Stow was born in about 1525 in the City of London parish of St Michael, Cornhill , then at the heart of London's metropolis. His father, Thomas Stow, was a tallow chandler . Thomas Stow is recorded as paying rent of 6s 8d per year for the family dwelling, and as
1566-640: The buildings on the north side are modern. On the south side (at number 21) is the Royal College of Psychiatrists , which moved from its previous location in Belgrave Square to the new building in October 2013. [REDACTED] Media related to Prescot Street, London at Wikimedia Commons 51°30′41.9″N 0°4′15.57″W / 51.511639°N 0.0709917°W / 51.511639; -0.0709917 Aldgate Aldgate ( / ˈ ɔː l ɡ eɪ t / )
1624-506: The church of St Botolph without Aldgate , was opened on 15 June 2018 by the Lord Mayor of the City of London. The cafe on the square, Portsoken Pavilion (named after the extramural Portsoken ward), was designed by Make, architects of the award-winning Visitor Information Centre at St Paul's Cathedral . The alignment of the former London Wall , and with it the start of the East End of London,
1682-456: The countryside. The primary purpose of Wards like Aldgate, which included a gate, appears to be the defence of the gate, as gates were the weakest points in any fortification. The historic City ward is bounded on the east by the line of the former London Wall , effectively parallel with Houndsditch , which separates it from the Portsoken ward. Since major boundary changes in 2013, the ward
1740-480: The entrance to Petticoat Lane Market at the southern end of Middlesex Street; and six hurtling bronze horses (2015) by Hamish Mackie in the piazza at Goodman's Fields. In 2013 in Minories, Aldgate – on the last day of excavations – archaeologists found a 1,900-year-old Roman sculpture from the late 1st or early 2nd century AD in what was Roman London's "Eastern Cemetery". "The Minories Eagle", hailed by experts as one of
1798-453: The example of others". While such royal approval was welcome it reaped dividend too slowly for Stow to enjoy any substantial benefit during his lifetime. Stow died on 5 April 1605, and was buried in the church of St Andrew Undershaft on the corner of Leadenhall Street and St Mary Axe . Stow published his first work, The woorkes of Geffrey Chaucer , newly printed with divers additions whiche were never in printe before , in 1561. This
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1856-480: The hooks remaineth yet. Also there hath been two portcullisses; the one of them remaineth, the other wanteth, but the place of letting down is manifest". The gate was removed in 1761 in order to improve traffic flow. The historical and cultural significance of the gate led local antiquarian Ebenezer Mussell to buy the gates stones (or some of them) and also the reliefs. The materials were used to extend his home at Bethnal Green. The reliefs were prominently displayed and
1914-590: The house renamed Aldgate House . The house was in turn cleared to make way for development between 1807 and 1811. The site, on what is now known as Victoria Park Square has since been redeveloped again, and is now the site of the 'Church of our Lady of the Assumption'. The originally Roman A11 Road, once known as the Great Essex Road , is known as Aldgate High Street as it passes through the Portsoken Ward, and
1972-529: The north of the gate, Jews settled from 1181, until their expulsion in 1290 by King Edward I . The area became known as Old Jewry. Jews were welcomed back by Oliver Cromwell , and once again they settled in the area, founding London's oldest synagogue at Bevis Marks in 1698. On 10 April 1992 the Provisional IRA detonated a bomb close to the Baltic Exchange , severely damaging the historic building and neighbouring structures. 30 St Mary Axe (formerly
2030-600: The rarest and finest artefacts ever unearthed in Britain would have stood in a niche in a mausoleum above the tomb of a very powerful and wealthy man. Carved in Cotswold oolitic stone and rich in iconography it shows an exquisitely carved and outstandingly preserved eagle with a serpent in its beak. It was exhibited at the Museum of London in October 2013. Aldgate is one of 25 wards in the City of London , each electing an Alderman to
2088-496: The single tower on the south end of the gate. A 1585 sketch of Aldgate's north tower reveals an interior room of approximately 16 by 14 foot (4.9 by 4.3 m); its southern sibling probably had similar dimensions. The space would have been "cramped, cold, rudimentary in its sanitary arrangements, and (perhaps most seriously in the case of a writer) ill lit, even at midday". In his Survey of London (1598), John Stow wrote that Aldgate "hath had two pair of gates, though now but one;
2146-616: The site of the old hospital. At number 1 Prescot Street (on the corner of Leman Street) is the Grade II listed former Cooperative Wholesale Society building, once known as The Tea House (1930–33). Designed by L G Ekins, the building is "..an unusual example in Britain of the German Expressionist style." During World War II, the area was severely damaged during The Blitz (a bomb site can still be seen in Magdalen Passage). All of
2204-729: The standard scholarly edition. A more popular single-volume edition was published in Everyman's Library , with an introduction by H. B. Wheatley , in 1912 (revised edition 1956), and has been frequently reprinted. Many of Stow's own autograph manuscripts are now held in the British Library , notably in the Harley Collection ; and others in the Bodleian Library . Some in Lambeth Palace Library (MS 306) were published in 1880 by
2262-452: The still more substantial The Annales of England , of which editions appeared in 1592, 1601, and 1605 – the last being continued to 26 March 1605, or within ten days of Stow's own death. Further posthumous editions by Edmund Howes were published in 1615 and 1631. Under Archbishop Matthew Parker 's patronage, Stow was persuaded to produce a version of Flores historiarum , allegedly by " Matthew of Westminster ", published in 1567; and then
2320-414: The true use of all his senses unto the day of his death, being of an excellent memory". Nevertheless, he was drawn into several bitter quarrels and harboured longstanding grudges. One protracted feud was with his younger brother, Thomas, over their respective shares in their mother's estate before and after her death in 1568 (John believed he was entitled to a greater share as the eldest son; Thomas claimed
2378-459: The urging of Archbishop Parker, Stow also compiled a "farre larger volume", a history of Britain entitled "A Historie of this Iland". He announced this as "ready to the presse" in 1592, but it proved too ambitious to be commercially viable, and he was unable to find a printer prepared to publish it. The manuscript is lost. The work for which Stow is best known is his Survey of London (original spelling: A Survay of London ), published in 1598. This
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2436-417: The use of Aldgate as a place name typically applies to this extramural area around Aldgate High Street. The High Street is around 290 metres (950 feet) long. Due to the road geography, and its historic interest, the Aldgate Pump , a few metres inside the position of the former gate is also usually included. Immediately east of Aldgate High Street the road becomes known as Whitechapel High Street as it enters
2494-478: The use of the Aldgate and Portsoken Wards as everyday place names is very limited. Consequently, the use of Aldgate as a place name is informal, and typically applies to the Portsoken Ward, especially the central area around Aldgate High Street. Aldgate High Street is 2.3 miles (3.7 km) east of Charing Cross . The etymology of the name "Aldgate" is uncertain. It is first recorded in 1052 as Æst geat ("east gate") but had become Alegate by 1108. Writing in
2552-505: Was "fortified with porticullises and chained" in 1377 due to concerns about potential attacks by the French. Aldgate's defensive functions are known to have been tested twice. Firstly during the Great Rising in the summer of 1381 when thousands of insurgents from the surrounding region, assisted by sympathisers within and without, entered the City through Aldgate, unopposed. The second breach
2610-470: Was a gate in the former defensive wall around the City of London . The gate gave its name to Aldgate High Street , the first stretch of the A11 road , that takes that name as it passes through the ancient, extramural Portsoken Ward of the City of London. There is an ancient Aldgate Ward inside the line of the former gate and wall, and a similarly ancient Portsoken Ward that lies just outside of it. However
2668-412: Was a man very diligent and much inquisitive to uncover all things concerning the affairs or words or persons of princes", and characterised him as a "good antiquary and diligent searcher of knowledge". Edmund Howes described him in later life as being "of a pleasant and cheerful countenance; his sight and memory very good; very sober, mild, and courteous to any that required his instructions; and retained
2726-430: Was a work of chorography : a detailed ward-by-ward topographical and historical tour of the city, providing a unique account of its buildings, social conditions and customs. A second, revised edition appeared in 1603. Following Stow's death, a third edition, with additions by Anthony Munday appeared in 1618; a fourth by Munday and Humfrey Dyson in 1633; a fifth with interpolated amendments by John Strype in 1720; and
2784-648: Was able to satisfy his interrogators as to the soundness of his Protestantism . A second attempt to incriminate him was made in 1570 also without success. In about 1570 he moved to the parish of St Andrew Undershaft in the Ward of Lime Street , where he lived in comfortable surroundings until his death in 1605. Stow was in close contact with many of the leading antiquarians of his day, including Archbishop Matthew Parker , John Joscelyn , John Dee , William Fleetwood , William Lambarde , Robert Glover , Henry Savile , William Camden , Henry Ferrers and Thomas Hatcher . He
2842-509: Was active in the first Society of Antiquaries , established in about 1586. He built up an extensive library of manuscript and printed historical sources, which became known to contemporaries as his "storehouse", and which he was generous in making available to others. Stow was highly esteemed by his antiquarian contemporaries, probably in no small part because of his willingness to share his material. Sir George Buck wrote of "honest John Stow, who could not flatter and speak dishonestly, and who
2900-404: Was constructed. The gateway – which probably had two circular towers – stood at the corner of the modern Duke's Place, on the east side of the city, with a busy thoroughfare passing through it. The gate was rebuilt between 1108 and 1147, again in 1215, and reconstructed completely between 1607 and 1609 "in a more classical and less functional style". Like London's other gates, Aldgate
2958-542: Was during the Siege of London , in the spring of 1471, when troops led by the Bastard of Fauconberg forced the gate, but were penned in and defeated in the small open space inside the gate. It has been argued that Aldgate's defenders deliberately allowed the vanguard of Fauconberg's men to through the gate in order that the portcullis could be lowered behind them; allowing the defenders to trap and defeat in detail that proportion of
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#17328486635883016-627: Was followed by office development on the traffic island at the centre, and a network of underground subways was constructed to provide pedestrian access beneath the one-way system and to provide a link to the London Underground stations. This led to parts of Aldgate being protected in the Whitechapel High Street Conservation Area and there are numerous listed buildings. Aldgate Square, a new public square sited between two heritage listed buildings, The Aldgate School and
3074-479: Was followed in 1565 by his Summarie of Englyshe Chronicles (in small octavo format), and in 1566 by the related but distinct Summarie of Englyshe Chronicles ... Abridged (in sextodecimo format). Both works ran through multiple editions during Stow's lifetime: editions of the Summarie appeared in 1566, 1570, 1574, 1575 and 1590 (with additional posthumous editions, by Edmund Howes , in 1607, 1611 and 1618); and of
3132-759: Was in receipt of a pension of £4 per annum from the Merchant Taylors' Company; and in 1590 he petitioned the Court of Aldermen for admission to the Freedom of the City of London , in order to reduce his expenses. In about the 1590s, William Camden commissioned Stow to transcribe six autograph notebooks of John Leland in exchange for a life annuity of £8: this was probably (in part) a charitable gesture towards an old but impoverished friend. In March 1604 King James I authorised Stow and his associates to collect "amongst our loving subjects their voluntary contributions and 'kind gratuities'", and himself began "the largesse for
3190-556: Was known as Great Prescott Street and there was an adjoining Little Prescott Street . The Roman Catholic English Martyrs Church , designed by Edward Welby Pugin and built between 1873 and 1876, is at number 30. At number 15 is a Victorian pub, The Princess of Prussia, built around 1880. It is adjoined to another Victorian building, number 16, once the Whitechapel County Court, built in Italianate style in red brick on
3248-506: Was on the south side of Prescot Street, and the north side of Chamber Street , until it moved to Whitechapel Road in 1757 and became the London Hospital. The Magdalen House for Reception of Penitent Prostitutes which opened in 1758, took over the building. An old alleyway, Magdalen Passage, survives to commemorate the name, just west of number 16. In the Regency era (by 1800) the street
3306-525: Was originally coloured: he is represented seated at a desk, writing in a book (probably the revision of his Annales , which he continued to 26 March, ten days before his death), and flanked by other books. Above him is the motto, based on an epigram of Pliny the Younger , Aut scribenda agere, aut legenda scribere ("[Blessed is he to whom it is given] either to do things that are worth writing about, or to write things that are worth reading about"). The figure holds
3364-641: Was the maiden name of Leman's mother Rebecca. In the early 2000s, the street was part of a large archaeological dig which uncovered large quantities of remains from the Roman period. The finds were on the site where the Leonardo Royal Hotel now stands, and formed part of the East London Roman Cemetery. Roman funeral urns were first discovered here in 1678. Of the original 18th Century housing only one has survived, at number 23. The London Infirmary
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