The Predigerkloster was a monastery of the Dominican Order , established around 1234 and abolished in 1524, in the imperial city of Zürich , Switzerland . Its church, the Predigerkirche , is one of the four main churches in Zürich and was first built in 1231 as a Romanesque church of the then Dominican monastery. In the first half of the 14th century it was converted, the choir between 1308 and 1350 rebuilt, and a for that time unusually high bell tower built, regarded as the highest Gothic edifice in Zürich.
31-439: At that time, the city of Zürich supported the popular mendicant orders by attributing them free plots in the suburbs and asking them to support the city wall construction. The city's fortification was built in the east of the area in the late 11th or 12th century. The first Dominican friars settled, according to the chronicler Heinrich Brennwald, outside of the city walls of medieval Zürich at Stadelhofen in 1230 AD, and in 1231 it
62-481: A time were classed as mendicant orders but now no longer are. Synagogengasse Neumarkt is a street and a historical area in the Rathaus quarter (Altstadt) of Zürich , Switzerland. Neumarkt is bounded by Spiegelgasse , Rindermarkt , Froschauergasse and Seilergraben streets in the Rathaus quarter (Altstadt) on the right bank of the river Limmat , and Grimmenturm is a landmark seen from all location around
93-632: A wall from the urban environment. Remnants of this wall were found in 1995 on the present Predigerplatz square. The hospital was erected in the west, beyond the Wolfbach stream at today's Spitalgasse , before the Dominicans settled in Zürich. In the decades in which the convent was built, the new fortifications, depicted on the Murerplan of 1576, were built at that location. The Neumarkt quarter arose simultaneously and
124-528: Is serving as a guild house. Also remarkable are the late medieval historical houses, among them Haus zum Mohrenkopf , the former home of Katharina von Zimmern , the last abbess of the Fraumünster Abbey. Nearly hidden, the narrow alleyway Synagogengasse marks the area of the former historical Jewish quarter of Zürich. In 2002 the building Froschaugasse 4 was the location of archeological excavations. The former building Zur Judenschule ("Jewish school")
155-549: The 13th and early 14th century. It was closely connected to the city's nobility. It landed gentry in Zürich and the surrounding area, among them the Bilgeri family ( Grimmenturm ) and the House of Rapperswil , where they were received after their expulsion to 1348 to asylum in Rapperswil . Memorial measurement had to be held until the 14th century at Grossmünster because, thus, the most income
186-614: The Dominican and Franciscan mendicants in separate quarters outside the convents. After the founding of the Dominican convents in Bern, Chur, and Zofingen, remained under the pastoral care of the canton of Zürich – the counties of Baden and Uznach, the cantons Obwalden, Nidwalden, and Zug, as well as parts of Glarus, Uri and Gaster, and the border areas around Schwarzwald and Klettgau. In 1259 Count Rudolf IV von Rapperswil , Countess Elisabeth 's father, donated specific duties and lands "in den Widen" for
217-511: The Dominican's inclusion in Zürich was granted in 1233/1235, "because they tirelessly drove the little foxes in the vineyard of the Lord". Located at the medieval Neumarkt quarter , the commonly named Predigerkloster was mentioned for the first time in 1234 AD as a monastery of the Dominican Order . The monastery consisted of a Romanesque church in the same place as today's Predigern church and
248-578: The Preachers in Zürich pleaded to the Pope, another opponent of the political situation in Zürich, and therefore the convent was forced to leave the city for several years. Its exile led to Winterthur and Kaiserstuhl and finally to Rapperswil , whose counts were the most prominent opponents of Brun's regime. This development represents the beginning of the general decline of the Zürich Dominican convent. Within
279-468: The city, as the other "mendicant" orders, the Predigern have been reduced to the function of area pastors. The convent was disestablished on 3 December 1524, worship in the church was discontinued, and the buildings and income of the monastery were assigned to the adjoining Heilig-Geist-Spital . The former convent buildings were used, with the monastery buildings becoming a hospital. After the construction of
310-561: The conclusion that the new district also completed the so-called first city fortifications to the west. In 1249 a pogrom against the Jewish people in Switzerland occurred among other cities in Zürich; the homes of the Jewish people were seized or destroyed and many Jewish citizens were killed by the mob . Neumarkt was first mentioned in the city archives related to the sale of a house: Ulrich ,
341-665: The construction of the Dominikanerinnenkloster Maria Zuflucht . Initially, the Dominican nuns were supported by the Dominican convent in Zürich because of its close relationship to the House of Rapperswil . After the founding of the monastery, the Dominican friars in Chur took over the pastoral assistance of the monastic community in Weesen. The highly ambitious dimensions of the Dominican Baroque church were designed in
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#1732851612201372-476: The early 14th century. But in the 1330s, the construction was already set, and it had remained unfinished for years. The second building phase ended in a much more harmonious construction, and much of the Romanesque building's substance was saved; for example, almost the entire Romanesque transept remained. Historical events explain that change. The revolution of 1336 that Rudolf Brun and his entourage brought to power
403-625: The faithful Pars dynamica (trial procedure) Canonization Election of the Roman Pontiff Academic degrees Journals and Professional Societies Faculties of canon law Canonists Institute of consecrated life Society of apostolic life Mendicant orders are, primarily, certain Catholic religious orders that have vowed for their male members a lifestyle of poverty , traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching , evangelization , and ministry , especially to
434-504: The first half of the 13th century: The other mendicant orders recognized by the Holy See today are the Like the monastic orders, many of the mendicant orders, especially the larger ones, underwent splits and reform efforts, forming offshoots, permanent or otherwise, some of which are mentioned in the lists given above. Mendicant orders that formerly existed but are now extinct, and orders which for
465-423: The goodwill of the people to whom they preached. The members of these orders are not called monks but friars . The term " mendicant " is also used with reference to some non-Christian religions to denote holy persons committed to an ascetic lifestyle, which may include members of religious orders and individual holy persons. The Second Council of Lyon (1274) recognised four main mendicant orders, created in
496-541: The inner city of Zürich. In the 12th century AD the as of today Neumarkt street was built as a new suburb of the medieval city of Zürich, centered around the new city market (in German: Neuer Markt ). The previous Alte Markt (literally: old market) was established so far at the Marktgasse street and perhaps also towards Stüssihofstatt square. Some buildings, among them Grimmenturm and Bilgeriturm , may allow
527-517: The medieval city of Zürich , both serving as of today as well-known restaurants. Some meters nearby there are the city archives (in German: Stadtarchiv ) situated in the remarkable Haus zum Rechberg , including a historical exhibition and a scale model of the historical city. Another point of interest is the theater situated at the Bilgeriturm , the so-called Theater am Neumarkt which also
558-453: The municipal law, but there were some restrictions and additions, namely related to testimony, and loans and pawnbroking. On request of the city council of Zürich to the diocese of Konstanz, the Jewish citizens of Zürich were allowed by Bishop Heinrich to renew the Synagogue and the cemetery, under the reserve that exclusively Jews who resided (namely Burgrecht ) in Zürich may be buried. At
589-471: The new hospital in 1842, they became the so-called "Versorgungsanstalt" where chronically ill, old, incurable mental patients were housed; the contemporaries complained until in 1870 when the Burghölzli sanatory was built. The convent buildings were sold in 1873 to the city of Zurich, which used it to house destitute citizens. But the old convent building burned down on 25 June 1887, its ruins were dismantled in
620-435: The poor. At their foundation these orders rejected the previously established monastic model, which prescribed living in one stable, isolated community where members worked at a trade and owned property in common , including land, buildings and other wealth. By contrast, the mendicants avoided owning property at all, did not work at a trade, and embraced a poor, often itinerant lifestyle. They depended for their survival on
651-649: The premise is used for the library, in particular for the so-called Musikabteilung . 47°22′26″N 8°32′43″E / 47.3738°N 8.5454°E / 47.3738; 8.5454 Mendicant order Jus novum ( c. 1140 -1563) Jus novissimum ( c. 1563 -1918) Jus codicis (1918-present) Other Sacraments Sacramentals Sacred places Sacred times Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures Particular churches Juridic persons Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law Clerics Office Juridic and physical persons Associations of
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#1732851612201682-461: The same year, and the open space was used for celebrations. On 28 June 1914, the citizens of Zürich agreed to the establishment of the Central Library (German: Zentralbibliothek ) , that was completed according to the plans by Hermann Fietz in 1917. So the cantonal library was outsourced, but in 1919 moved back, and again moved to make room for today's Staatsarchiv Zürich ; therefore since 1982,
713-403: The three-winged building complex attached to the north of the church. In 1254, a cemetery at Zähringerstrasse was allowed for the so-called "prayer" (used for Dominican friars, the 'blackfriars') abbey and repealed in 1843. The monastery was built at the edge of the city on a flat terrace between the now subterranean Wolfbach and today's Hirschengraben road. The monastery area was delimited by
744-530: The treasurer of the Probstei Zürich sealed and confirmed on 26 November 1311 that Mia, Gattin des [wife of] Werner Waltersbacher sold her slip of the pen of her endowment on a house...to Mechtild, Witwe von [widow of] Burkard Waltersbacher . The former Neumarkttor or Kronentor gate at Seilergraben was built probably at the end of the 13th century, serving as gatetower, first mentioned in 1340 as Nünmargtsturm and since 1637 as Neumarktstor . The tower
775-544: Was achieved. Until the Reformation in Zürich , all income obtained with the funerals had also to be delivered to the Grossmünster abbey. Because of its situation in the province of the order Teutonia , the convent influenced most of German-speaking Switzerland. It was in charge of the pastoral care of the nun's monasteries Oetebach and Winterthur-Töss as well as the urban communities of the female Beguines , who lived nearby
806-452: Was also equipped in the 16th century with a clock and an ornate dial, but was broken in 1829. The so-called Nike fountain probably dates back to the 15th century as Jupiterbrunnen and was rebuilt in 1987. Being the most remarkable landmarks, the Grimmenturm and the neighbouring Bilgeriturm (as well a guild house) buildings are remains of the former second, even first fortification of
837-507: Was first mentioned that in Zurich was a new monastery under construction. In the Schweizerchronik of 1513, Heinrich Brennwald calls for the Dominicans' arrival in Zurich in the year 1230. In two documents from 1231 a Dominican oratorio is mentioned. In 1232 a sale of land to Hugo von Ripelin , then the paddock prior, is mentioned. Initially, against the resistance of the Grossmünster canons,
868-515: Was followed by a period of economic uncertainty reaching its peak with the plague of 1348/49, the persecution and killing of the Jewish citizens of the so-called Synagogengasse in 1349, as well as the "Zürich night of murder" ( Mordnacht ) by 1350, a failed counter coup of Brun's opposition under the son of Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg) , Johann II. Unlike the Franciscan and the Augustinian orders,
899-410: Was found on occasion of the surveys, including fragments of a wall painting from the 14th century in the form of leaf tendrils in red and black color. The painting adorns a ground floor room. On 25 February 1354 the citizenry of Zürich allowed to Jewish residents having "Husroeichi" (an old Swiss-German term meaning a house with a separate chimney) to live within the town walls, and they were secured by
930-521: Was settled increasingly by Beguines . Among other things, the orthogonal structure of the monastery, the town fortifications, and the Chorgasse and Predigergasse lanes are evident, and especially the latter is essential for this quarter; it leads from Neumarkt in a straight line to the southern portal, which was the main entrance to the church. The northern part of the convent was predominantly used for agricultural purposes. The order purchased 28 houses in
961-399: Was so named in the 18th century because it housed the medieval synagogue of Zürich. In 1363 it was called "Judenschuol" (a medieval term in Zürich for a Synagogue ), and some remains of the interior structure date before 1423, when Jewish citizens had do leave Zürich, and the synagogue was repealed. Obscured by later layers of plaster remained a small remnant of the late-medieval room adornment