Misplaced Pages

#769230

86-572: Pottery Lane is a street in Notting Hill , west London . Today it forms part of one of London's most fashionable and expensive neighbourhoods, but in the mid-19th century it lay at the heart of a wretched and notorious slum known as the "Potteries and the Piggeries". The slum came to the attention of Londoners with the building of the Hippodrome in 1837 by entrepreneur John Whyte. Unfortunately for Whyte

172-428: A tunnel kiln , is long with only the central portion directly heated. From the cool entrance, ware is slowly moved through the kiln, and its temperature is increased steadily as it approaches the central, hottest part of the kiln. As it continues through the kiln, the temperature is reduced until the ware exits the kiln nearly at room temperature. A continuous kiln is energy-efficient, because heat given off during cooling

258-470: A commemorative plaque placed there by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea . "The Ocean" was filled and covered in 1892 and is now leafy Avondale Park . 51°30′32″N 0°12′36″W  /  51.5089°N 0.2100°W  / 51.5089; -0.2100 Notting Hill Notting Hill is a district of West London , England, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea . Notting Hill

344-544: A court record during Henry VIII 's reign that "the manor called Notingbarons, alias Kensington, in the parish of Paddington, was held of the Abbot of Westminster." For years, it was thought to be a link with Canute, but it is now thought likely that the "Nott" section of the name is derived from the Saxon personal name Cnotta, with the "ing" part generally accepted as coming from the Saxon for

430-521: A down-at-heel area of cheap lodgings, epitomised by the racketeering landlord Peter Rachman and the murders committed by John Christie in 10 Rillington Place, since demolished. The area to the north east, Golborne, was particularly known for being, in the words of Charles Booth , "one of the worst areas in London". Southam Street in Kensal Green had 2,400 people living in 140 nine-roomed houses in 1923, and

516-476: A group or settlement of people. The area in the west around Pottery Lane was used in the early 19th century for making bricks and tiles out of the heavy clay dug in the area. The clay was shaped and fired in a series of brick and tile kilns. The only remaining 19th-century tile kiln in London is on Walmer Road. In the same area, pig farmers moved in after being forced out of the Marble Arch area. Avondale Park

602-460: A key factor in the development of Chinese pottery , and until recent centuries was the most advanced in the world. The Chinese developed kilns capable of firing at around 1,000 °C before 2000 BCE . These were updraft kilns, often built below ground. Two main types of kiln were developed by about 200 AD and remained in use until modern times. These are the dragon kiln of hilly southern China , usually fuelled by wood, long and thin and running up

688-723: A large indoor antiques market, was replaced by the high-street chain AllSaints . Reflecting the increasing demise of one of the most culturally vibrant parts of central London , the 2011 Census showed that in the borough of Kensington and Chelsea, in which Notting Hill is situated, the number of Black or Black British and White Irish residents, two of the traditionally largest ethnic minority groups in Notting Hill, declined by 46 and 28 percent respectively in ten years. The district adjoins two large public parks, Holland Park and Kensington Gardens , with Hyde Park within 1 mile (1.6 km) to

774-494: A mob of 300 to 400 white people, including many " Teddy Boys ", were seen on Bramley Road attacking the houses of West Indian residents. The disturbances, racially-motivated rioting and attacks continued every night until they petered out by 5 September. The dire housing conditions in Notting Hill led Bruce Kenrick to found the Notting Hill Housing Trust in 1963, helping to drive through new housing legislation in

860-608: A more filthy and disgusting crew ...we have seldom had the misfortune to encounter." Whyte was unable to eject these less than appealing visitors, whose "villainous activities" were a continual source of trouble, and the Hippodrome was finally closed in 1842. Today the houses in Pottery Lane sell for seven-figure sums. Just one of the original brick kilns still survives; it is located in Walmer Road, just north of Pottery Lane, and bears

946-402: A public right of way existed over his land and "dirty and dissolute vagabonds" from the nearby slum invaded his racecourse, adding to his financial difficulties and, in part, leading to the closure of his venture in 1842. Pottery Lane gradually improved in the late 20th century along with the rest of the Notting Hill area, and today the houses there fetch multi-million pound prices. Just one of

SECTION 10

#1732851289770

1032-521: A range of firing conditions. Both Ancient Roman pottery and medieval Chinese pottery could be fired in industrial quantities, with tens of thousands of pieces in a single firing. Early examples of simpler kilns found in Britain include those that made roof-tiles during the Roman occupation. These kilns were built up the side of a slope, such that a fire could be lit at the bottom and the heat would rise up into

1118-399: A secluded communal garden in the rear, to which people on the street did not have access and generally could not see. To this day these communal garden squares continue to provide the area with much of its attraction for the wealthiest householders. In 1837 the Hippodrome racecourse was laid out. The racecourse ran around the hill, and bystanders were expected to watch from the summit of

1204-418: A slope, and the horseshoe-shaped mantou kiln of the north Chinese plains, smaller and more compact. Both could reliably produce the temperatures of up to 1300 °C or more needed for porcelain . In the late Ming, the egg-shaped kiln or zhenyao was developed at Jingdezhen and mainly used there. This was something of a compromise between the other types, and offered locations in the firing chamber with

1290-448: A turn-back facility will have to be built in the area anyway. Siting it at Kensal Green, rather than next to Paddington itself, would provide a new station to regenerate the area. Among the general public there is a huge amount of support for the project and the then-Mayor Boris Johnson stated that a station would be added if it did not increase Crossrail 's overall cost; in response, Kensington & Chelsea Council agreed to underwrite

1376-526: A viaduct, calling at Westbourne Park , Ladbroke Grove and Latimer Road respectively, before reaching Shepherds Bush to the west. The Bakerloo line skirts the North East corner running from Warwick Avenue station to Paddington . At a site just to the east of the Old Oak Common site, Kensington & Chelsea Council has been pushing for a station at Kensal Green off Ladbroke Grove and Canal Way, as

1462-459: Is a murder novel set in the past and present - featuring Notting Dale. The area's newer, wealthy residents are satirised in Rachel Johnson 's novel Notting Hell (2006) set in grand houses surrounding a fictional communal garden. Sam Selvon 's 1956 novel The Lonely Londoners set in Notting Hill portrays the lives of Caribbean immigrants making their way in post-World War II London. The area

1548-416: Is also the setting of the films: The Knack …and How to Get It (1965), Performance (1970) featuring Mick Jagger , Lava (2001), and Paddington (2014). Notting Hill serves as the locale for the 1999 romantic comedy Notting Hill , starring Julia Roberts and Hugh Grant . A film set in the same streets but showing a different story of the area is Pressure (1976), by Horace Ové , examining

1634-429: Is considered the major neighbourhood of Notting Hill, but Kensal Green , Latimer Road and Westbourne Park are also part of Notting Hill; though estate agents differentiate North Kensington and Notting Hill as distinct areas with Westbourne considered part of Notting Hill and Kensal considered part of North Kensington. Locally the areas of Portobello , North Kensington , Kensal are referred to as Ladbroke Grove,

1720-682: Is known for being a cosmopolitan and multicultural neighbourhood, hosting the annual Notting Hill Carnival and the Portobello Road Market. From around 1870, Notting Hill had an association with artists. For much of the 20th century, the large houses were subdivided into multi-occupancy rentals. Continental Europeans , Caribbeans (both African Caribbeans , Indian Caribbeans , and White Caribbeans ), Africans , Indians , Arabs , Asians , Jewish , Central Americans , South Americans , Pacific Islanders , Irish , Northern Irish , Scottish , Welsh , and other immigrants were drawn to

1806-403: Is made up of mainly residential roads with Westbourne Park Road running through the entire area to the east of Notting Hill. The Westbourne Green section of Notting Hill comes under Westminster City Council. The Notting Hill Carnival also passes through Westbourne Green up Chepstow Road and turns right onto Westbourne Grove. Kensal Green is in the north of Notting Hill. It is the area north of

SECTION 20

#1732851289770

1892-537: Is now home to a vibrant community, mainly Mediterranean Spanish and Moroccan, together with Portuguese. By the 1980s, single-occupation houses began to return to favour with families who could afford to occupy them, and because of the open spaces and stylish architecture Notting Hill is today one of London's most desirable areas. Several parts of Notting Hill are characterised by handsome stucco-fronted pillar-porched houses, often with private gardens, notably around Pembridge Place and Dawson Place and streets radiating from

1978-444: Is often provided early in the schedule to supplement the dehumidifier. Solar kilns are conventional kilns, typically built by hobbyists to keep initial investment costs low. Heat is provided via solar radiation, while internal air circulation is typically passive. Vacuum and radio frequency kilns reduce the air pressure to attempt to speed up the drying process. A variety of these vacuum technologies exist, varying primarily in

2064-404: Is recycled to pre-heat the incoming ware. In some designs, the ware is left in one place, while the heating zone moves across it. Kilns in this type include: In the intermittent kiln , the ware is placed inside the kiln, the kiln is closed, and the internal temperature is increased according to a schedule. After the firing is completed, both the kiln and the ware are cooled. The ware is removed,

2150-416: Is removed by a system of vents, the specific layout of which are usually particular to a given manufacturer. In general, cool dry air is introduced at one end of the kiln while warm moist air is expelled at the other. Hardwood conventional kilns also require the introduction of humidity via either steam spray or cold water misting systems to keep the relative humidity inside the kiln from dropping too low during

2236-474: The Notting Hill Carnival started and where most of the scenes in the film, Notting Hill were shot. The area's main transport hub, Ladbroke Grove tube station , was called Notting Hill from its opening in 1864 until 1919. The name was changed then to avoid confusion with the new Notting Hill Gate station . Ladbroke Grove is the area's main thoroughfare. Estate agents now call the super-rich area to

2322-464: The 1960s and found the national housing organisation Shelter in 1966. Nos 1–9 Colville Gardens, now known as Pinehurst Court , had become so run down by 1969 that its owner, Robert Gubay of Cledro Developments, described conditions in the buildings as "truly terrible". The slums were cleared during redevelopment in the 1960s and 1970s when the Westway Flyover and Trellick Tower were built. It

2408-658: The 19th century. As late as 1870, even after the hamlet had become a London suburb, Notting Hill was still popularly referred to as being in Middlesex rather than in London. The origin of the name "Notting Hill" is uncertain though an early version appears in the Patent Rolls of 1356 as Knottynghull, while an 1878 text, Old and New London, reports that the name derives from a manor in Kensington called "Knotting-Bernes", "Knutting-Barnes", or "Nutting-barns", and goes on to quote from

2494-628: The 2019 general election. Ladbroke Grove is a road running down the west side of Notting Hill, stretching up to Kensal Green , straddling the W10 and W11 postal districts , and also the name of the immediate area surrounding the road. Ladbroke Grove tube station is on the road where it is crossed by the Westway . A turnpike gate was constructed at the foot of the hill on the main road from London to Uxbridge, now Oxford Street , Bayswater Road and Holland Park Avenue along this part of its route. The point at which

2580-514: The Circle (main section) and District lines (Edgware road branch), and Holland Park to the west. The northern half of Notting Hill, comprising various sub districts such as Kensal Green, Ladbroke Grove and North Kensington is served by the western branch of the Circle line, as it shares tracks with the Hammersmith & City line west of Paddington. These lines run through Notting Hill predominantly on

2666-575: The Ladbroke Estate. Working with the architect and surveyor Thomas Allason , Ladbroke began to lay out streets and houses, with a view to turning the area into a fashionable suburb of the capital (although the development did not get seriously under way until the 1840s). Many of these streets bear the Ladbroke name, including Ladbroke Grove , the area's main north–south axis, and Ladbroke Square , London's largest private garden square . The original idea

Pottery Lane - Misplaced Pages Continue

2752-697: The London Development Agency on the 2002 Carnival estimated that the event contributes around £93   million to the London and UK economy . Notting Hill provides the setting for novels by G. K. Chesterton ( The Napoleon of Notting Hill ), Colin MacInnes ( Absolute Beginners ), Michael Moorcock (the Jerry Cornelius quartet), R. C. Sherriff ( The Hopkins Manuscript ), and Alan Hollinghurst ( The Line of Beauty ). Dan Waddel's The Blood Detective

2838-662: The abundance of photogenic restaurants and pastel-coloured houses. Along with the majority of west and northwest London, Notting Hill is heavily served by the London Underground . Five lines serve the area, two deep level tubes, the Central and Bakerloo lines , with three sub-surface lines, the Hammersmith & City , Circle and District lines . Firstly, the Central line crosses the area on an east–west axis, with stations at Notting Hill Gate , which also provides an interchange with

2924-537: The air in the chamber is then heated and finally a vacuum is pulled as the charge cools. SSV run at partial-atmospheres, typically around 1/3 of full atmospheric pressure, in a hybrid of vacuum and conventional kiln technology (SSV kilns are significantly more popular in Europe where the locally harvested wood is easier to dry than the North American woods.) RF/V (radio frequency + vacuum) kilns use microwave radiation to heat

3010-560: The area in the 1950s and 1960s, partly because of the cheap rents, but were exploited by slum landlords like Peter Rachman and also became the target of white Teddy Boys in the 1958 Notting Hill race riots . By the early 21st century, after decades of gentrification , Notting Hill had gained a reputation as an affluent and fashionable area, known for attractive terraces of large Victorian townhouses and high-end shopping and restaurants (particularly around Westbourne Grove and Clarendon Cross). A Daily Telegraph article in 2004 used

3096-460: The area is Westbourne Park and Notting Hill . These areas are separated by the by westway(north-south axis) and Ladbroke Grove which runs through the area north-south. The local historian Florence Gladstone, in her much reprinted work "Notting Hill in Bygone Days" defines Notting Hill as the whole of that part of Kensington which is north of the road known as Notting Hill Gate. North Kensington

3182-485: The author of many supernatural and fantastic fictions, lived at 23 Clarendon Road , Notting Hill Gate, in the 1880s; he writes of his life here in his memoirs Far Off Things (1922) and Things Near and Far (1923). His mystical work The Hill of Dreams (1907, though written ten years earlier) has scenes set in Notting Hill; it is here that the protagonist Lucian Taylor encounters the beautiful bronze-haired prostitute who will later connive at his death. The reputation of

3268-581: The brickearth or London clay subsoil, which was then turned into bricks on the site by moulding and firing them. The bricks would then be used to build houses adjacent to the brickfield as transport was expensive. Once the building work was nearing completion, the brickfield would be levelled and built upon while a new brickfield further out would supply the bricks. The Pottery Lane brick makers soon found themselves living and working with pig-keepers who had been forced to move west from Marble Arch and Tottenham Court Road as London expanded westwards. Sanitation

3354-575: The centre of the Notting Hill race riot. David Cameron , former leader of the Conservative Party , is known as part of the "Notting Hill Set", though he states he lives in North Kensington. There are five tube stations in the area: Ladbroke Grove , Westbourne Park , Latimer Road , Notting Hill Gate and Kensal Green . Notting Hill is part of the parliamentary constituency of Kensington , represented by Conservative Felicity Buchan since

3440-469: The circular racecourse tracks. At the summit of hill stands the elegant St John's church , built in 1845 in the early English style, and which formed the centrepiece of the Ladbroke Estate development. The Notting Hill houses were large, but they did not immediately succeed in enticing the very richest Londoners, who tended to live closer to the centre of London in Mayfair or Belgravia . The houses appealed to

3526-631: The city's literary and cultural life, studying art, visiting the National Gallery , attending the theatre and writing prose and poetry. His first published story, "How I Built Myself a House", appeared in Chamber's Journal in 1865. Here he wrote his first―but never published―novel, The Poor Man and the Lady , in 1867, and the poem "A Young Man's Exhortation", from which Graham Greene took an epigraph for his own novel The Comedians . Arthur Machen (1863–1947),

Pottery Lane - Misplaced Pages Continue

3612-456: The clay left large holes which became filled with stagnant water, pig slurry and sewage. One of these pools grew to such proportions that it became known as "the Ocean". In the mid-19th century the street had become so bad it became known as "Cut throat lane". In 1850 Charles Dickens described the area as "a plague spot scarcely equalled for its insalubrity by any other in London". Dickens' criticism

3698-465: The clay until the particles partially melt and flow together, creating a strong, single mass, composed of a glassy phase interspersed with pores and crystalline material. Through firing, the pores are reduced in size, causing the material to shrink slightly. In the broadest terms, there are two types of kilns: intermittent and continuous, both being an insulated box with a controlled inner temperature and atmosphere. A continuous kiln , sometimes called

3784-437: The differential impact of the presence of drying equipment in a specific plant. Every piece of equipment from the green trimmer to the infeed system at the planer mill is part of the "drying system". The true costs of the drying system can only be determined when comparing the total plant costs and risks with and without drying. Kiln dried firewood was pioneered during the 1980s, and was later adopted extensively in Europe due to

3870-523: The district altered over the course of the 20th century. As middle-class households ceased to employ servants, the large Notting Hill houses lost their market and were increasingly split into multiple occupation. During the Blitz a number of buildings were damaged or destroyed by the Luftwaffe , including All Saints' Church , which was hit in 1940 and again in 1944. In the postwar period the name Notting Hill evoked

3956-581: The drying cycle. Fan directions are typically reversed periodically to ensure even drying of larger kiln charges. Most softwood kilns operate below 115 °C (239 °F) temperature. Hardwood kiln drying schedules typically keep the dry bulb temperature below 80 °C (176 °F). Difficult-to-dry species might not exceed 60 °C (140 °F). Dehumidification kilns are similar to other kilns in basic construction and drying times are usually comparable. Heat comes primarily from an integral dehumidification unit that also removes humidity. Auxiliary heat

4042-407: The east. The gentrification has encompassed some streets that were among the 1980s' most decrepit, including the now expensive retail sections of Westbourne Grove and Ledbury Road, as well as Portobello Road's emergence as a top London tourist attraction and Chamberlayne Road as a local shopping street with its boutique independent shops. Notting Hill has a high concentration of restaurants, including

4128-429: The economic and practical benefits of selling wood with a lower moisture content (with optimal moisture levels of under 20% being much easier to achieve). The total (harmful) air emissions produced by wood kilns, including their heat source, can be significant. Typically, the higher the temperature at which the kiln operates, the larger the quantity of emissions that are produced (per mass unit of water removed). This

4214-430: The entire length of Notting Hill from north to south. It runs parallel to Ladbroke Grove. It contains Portobello Road Market , one of London's best known markets, containing an antique section and second-hand, fruit and veg and clothing stalls. The road was originally a lane leading to Portobello Farm in the north of Notting Hill. Westbourne Grove is a retail road running across Notting Hill from Kensington Park Road in

4300-403: The experience of those of Caribbean descent in 1970s Notting Hill including police brutality and discrimination. The Notting Hillbillies were a country rock project formed by Dire Straits frontman Mark Knopfler in 1986. They released a single album, Missing...Presumed Having a Good Time , in 1990. Notting Hill is often referred to as 'the most Instagrammable district in London' due to

4386-601: The future of the Carnival". An interim report by the review resulted in a change to the route in 2002. When the full report was published in 2004, it was recommended that Hyde Park be used as a "savannah"; though this move has attracted some concern that the Hyde Park event may overshadow the original street carnival. In 2003 Carnival was run by a limited company , the Notting Hill Carnival Trust Ltd. A report by

SECTION 50

#1732851289770

4472-533: The hill. However, the venture was not a success, in part due to a public right of way which traversed the course, and in part due to the heavy clay of the neighbourhood which caused it to become waterlogged. The Hippodrome closed in 1841, after which development resumed and houses were built on the site. The crescent-shaped roads that circumvent the hill, such as Blenheim Crescent , Elgin Crescent , Stanley Crescent, Cornwall Crescent and Landsdowne Crescent, were built over

4558-524: The junction with Denbigh Road, is the one most closely associated with Notting Hill. It covers the central part of Notting Hill, and is situated between the A402 (Holland Park Avenue) to the south and the Westway to the north. Notting Hill is made up of four sub areas plus Notting Hill itself. In the north west is Kensal Green … North Kensington in the south west while to the north east is Kensal Town and South east of

4644-458: The kiln can kill you." Bowen was noting that "kill" and "kiln" are homophones . Pit fired pottery was produced for thousands of years before the earliest known kiln, which dates to around 6000 BCE , and was found at the Yarim Tepe site in modern Iraq . Neolithic kilns were able to produce temperatures greater than 900 °C (1652 °F). Uses include: Kilns are an essential part of

4730-431: The kiln charge, and typically have the highest operating cost due to the heat of vaporization being provided by electricity rather than local fossil fuel or waste wood sources. The economics of different wood drying technologies are based on the total energy, capital, insurance/risk, environmental impacts, labor, maintenance, and product degradation costs. These costs, which can be a significant part of plant costs, involve

4816-464: The kiln is cleaned and the next cycle begins. Kilns in this type include: Kiln technology is very old. Kilns developed from a simple earthen trench filled with pots and fuel pit firing , to modern methods. One improvement was to build a firing chamber around pots with baffles and a stoking hole. This conserved heat. A chimney stack improved the air flow or draw of the kiln, thus burning the fuel more completely. Chinese kiln technology has always been

4902-411: The kiln. Traditional kilns include: With the industrial age , kilns were designed to use electricity and more refined fuels, including natural gas and propane . Many large industrial pottery kilns use natural gas, as it is generally clean, efficient and easy to control. Modern kilns can be fitted with computerized controls allowing for fine adjustments during the firing. A user may choose to control

4988-517: The kiln. Most softwood kilns are track types in which the timber is loaded on kiln/track cars for loading the kiln. Modern high-temperature, high-air-velocity conventional kilns can typically dry 1-inch-thick (25 mm) green wood in 10 hours down to a moisture content of 18%. However, 1-inch-thick green red oak requires about 28 days to dry down to a moisture content of 8%. Heat is typically introduced via steam running through fin/tube heat exchangers controlled by on/off pneumatic valves. Humidity

5074-414: The late 18th century, high-quality clay was dug here and used for brick making to supply the voracious appetite of London's growing suburbs. Bricks and tiles were stored in sheds lining Pottery Lane and were fired in large kilns – one of which, on Walmer Road, remains to this day. During the 19th century the fields around London were built up with new housing. Commonly, a field would be excavated to expose

5160-428: The main thoroughfare and tube station at the heart of Notting Hill. That part of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea roughly encompassed by the electoral wards of Saint Charles, Golborne, Notting Barns, Colville, Norland, and Pembridge, which is bounded on the north by Harrow Road and on the south by Notting Hill Gate and Holland Park Avenue , includes all areas known as Notting Hill, including Notting Barns,

5246-435: The manufacture of almost all types of ceramics . Ceramics require high temperatures so chemical and physical reactions will occur to permanently alter the unfired body. In the case of pottery, clay materials are shaped, dried and then fired in a kiln. The final characteristics are determined by the composition and preparation of the clay body and the temperature at which it is fired. After a first firing, glazes may be used and

SECTION 60

#1732851289770

5332-481: The meadows west of Westbourne Grove " with a 7-foot (2.1 m) high wooden paling, creating a racecourse intended to rival Epsom and Ascot . Unfortunately, the racecourse bordered on Pottery Lane and a public right of way existed over Whyte's land, making the race meetings easily accessible by the local slum-dwellers. These were not the sort of customers that Whyte had in mind, and The Times ' s correspondent complained of "the dirty and dissolute vagabonds of London,

5418-399: The method heat is introduced into the wood charge. Hot water platten vacuum kilns use aluminum heating plates with the water circulating within as the heat source, and typically operate at significantly reduced absolute pressure. Discontinuous and SSV (super-heated steam) use atmosphere pressure to introduce heat into the kiln charge. The entire kiln charge comes up to full atmospheric pressure,

5504-434: The moisture content is between 18% and 8%. This can be a long process unless accelerated by use of a kiln. A variety of kiln technologies exist today: conventional, dehumidification, solar, vacuum and radio frequency. Conventional wood dry kilns are either package-type (side-loader) or track-type (tram) construction. Most hardwood lumber kilns are side-loader kilns in which fork trucks are used to load lumber packages into

5590-533: The original brick kilns still survives; it is located in Walmer Road, just north of Pottery Lane, and bears a commemorative plaque placed there by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea . Pottery Lane takes its name from the brickfields which lay at the northern end of the street. According to the Victorian author and philanthropist Mary Bayly, the local soil was "almost entirely composed of stiff clay, peculiarly adapted for that purpose [brick making]", and from

5676-523: The past, putting it among the largest street festivals in Europe. It attracted press attention in 1976 for clashes with the police, which occurred in 1976 at the conclusion of the Notting Hill Carnival after police arrested a pickpocket and a group of black youths came to his defence. The disturbance escalated and more than 100 police officers were injured. Two notable participants in this riot were Joe Strummer and Paul Simonon , who later formed

5762-464: The phrase "the Notting Hill set " to refer to a group of emerging Conservative politicians, such as David Cameron and George Osborne , who would become respectively Prime Minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer and were once based in Notting Hill. Notting Hill is in the ceremonial county of Greater London although it was formerly a hamlet on rural land until the expansion of urban London during

5848-517: The population makes the area one of the most cosmopolitan in the world. Notting Hill Carnival is an annual Caribbean carnival event in August, over two days (Sunday and the following bank holiday ). It has continuously taken place since 1965. It is led by members of the Caribbean population, many of whom have lived in the area since the 1950s. The carnival has attracted up to 1.5   million people in

5934-601: The projected £33   million cost of a Crossrail station, which was received very well by the residents of the Borough. In 2011, Transport for London conducted a feasibility study on the station with the project backed by National Grid , retailers Sainsbury's and Cath Kidston Limited , and Jenny Jones (Green Party member of the London Assembly). Kiln According to the Oxford English Dictionary , kiln

6020-427: The property. In 1823 Allason completed a plan for the layout of the main portion of the estate. This marks the genesis of his most enduring idea – the creation of large private communal gardens, originally known as "pleasure grounds", or "paddocks", enclosed by terraces and/or crescents of houses. Instead of houses being set around a garden square, separated from it by a road, Allason's houses would have direct access to

6106-478: The rate of temperature climb or ramp , hold or soak the temperature at any given point, or control the rate of cooling. Both electric and gas kilns are common for smaller scale production in industry and craft, handmade and sculptural work. Modern kilns include: Green wood coming straight from the felled tree has far too high a moisture content to be commercially useful and will rot, warp and split. Both hardwoods and softwood must be left to dry out until

6192-488: The respective iron bridges on Ladbroke Grove and Golborne Road . Parts of this area fall under the London Borough of Brent. It has been earmarked for regeneration around the proposed crossrail station next to Sainsbury's. The area is served by Kensal Green station (Underground and Overground) North Kensington is the key neighbourhood of Notting Hill. It is where most of the violence of the race riots occurred, where

6278-493: The seminal London punk band The Clash . Their song " White Riot " was inspired by their participation in this event. Further incidents continued for a few years, but receded for several decades, until 2008 when approximately 500 youths clashed with police on the Monday. As the event grew, concerns about the size of the event prompted Ken Livingstone to set up a Carnival Review Group to look into "formulating guidelines to safeguard

6364-509: The slum children from this street were documented in the 1950s photographs of Roger Mayne . In late August and early September 1958, the Notting Hill race riots occurred. The series of disturbances are thought to have started on 30 August when a gang of white youths attacked a Swedish woman, Majbritt Morrison , who was married to a West Indian man (Raymond Morrison), following a previous incident in Latimer Road tube station. Later that night

6450-545: The south Notting Hill when referring to Notting Hill Gate and Holland Park . North Kensington was once well known for its slum housing. However, North Kensington retains high levels of poverty and unemployment and a high-proportion of social housing for rent. In this area, Grenfell Tower is also found, which burnt down in 2017. Waves of immigration to the area have occurred for at least a century, including, but certainly not limited to, people of Irish, Jewish, Caribbean, Spanish, and Moroccan extraction. This constant renewal of

6536-582: The southern part of Ladbroke Grove, many of which lead onto substantial communal gardens. There are grand terraces, such as Kensington Park Gardens, and large villas as in Pembridge Square and around Holland Park. There is also new construction of modern houses tucked away on backland sites. Since at least 2000, independent shops in Portobello such as Culture Shack have lost out to multinational standardised chains such as Starbucks . In 2009, Lipka's Arcade,

6622-462: The turnpike gate stood was known as Notting Hill Gate. The gate was there to stop people passing along the road without paying. The proceeds were applied towards the maintenance of this important road. The gate was removed in the 19th century and the high road was widened and straightened in the 1960s, involving the demolition of many buildings, the linking of two separate tube stations and the construction of two tower blocks. Portobello Road runs almost

6708-548: The two Michelin-rated The Ledbury and Core by Clare Smyth . The hill from which Notting Hill takes its name is still clearly visible, with its summit in the middle of Ladbroke Grove , at the junction with Kensington Park Gardens . Notting Hill has no official boundaries, so definitions of which areas fall under Notting Hill vary. The postcode "W11", centred on the former site of the Post Office in Westbourne Grove , near

6794-648: The upper middle class, who could live there in Belgravia style at lower prices. In the opening chapter of John Galsworthy 's Forsyte Saga novels, he housed the Nicholas Forsytes "in Ladbroke Grove, a spacious abode and a great bargain". In 1862 Thomas Hardy left Dorchester for London to work with architect Arthur Blomfield ; during this period he lived in Westbourne Park Villas. He immersed himself in

6880-466: The ware is fired a second time to fuse the glaze into the body. A third firing at a lower temperature may be required to fix overglaze decoration. Modern kilns often have sophisticated electronic control systems, although pyrometric devices are often also used. Clay consists of fine-grained particles that are relatively weak and porous. Clay is combined with other minerals to create a workable clay body. The firing process includes sintering . This heats

6966-405: The west to Queensway in the east, crossing over Portobello Road. It was noted as "fashionable" and "up-and-coming" from the 1990s since then it has attracted many designer label outlets as well as independent and chain retailers. The Notting Hill Carnival passes along the central part of Westbourne Grove. Westbourne Green is the area in between Westbourne Park Station and Royal Oak Station and

7052-453: Was created in 1892 out of a former area of pig slurry called "the Ocean". This was part of a general clean-up of the area which had become known as the Potteries and Piggeries. The area remained rural until London's westward expansion reached Bayswater in the early 19th century. The Ladbroke family was Notting Hill's main landowner, and from the 1820s James Weller Ladbroke began to develop

7138-707: Was derived from the words cyline, cylene, cyln(e) in Old English , in turn derived from Latin culina ("kitchen"). In Middle English , the word is attested as kulne, kyllne, kilne, kiln, kylle, kyll, kil, kill, keele, kiele. In Greek the word καίειν, kaiein , means 'to burn'. The word "kiln" was originally pronounced "kil" with the "n" silent, as is referenced in Webster's Dictionary of 1828 and in English Words as Spoken and Written for Upper Grades by James A. Bowen 1900: "The digraph ln, n silent, occurs in kiln. A fall down

7224-410: Was poor and fresh water scarce. Many families lived with the pigs in their hovels, which soon became slums. The brick-makers themselves were said to be "notorious types", known for "riotous living". One local resident, who had lived in the neighbourhood for forty years, described the area to Mary Bayly: There were no planning restrictions and no proper drainage or sanitary arrangements. Extraction of

7310-435: Was to call the district Kensington Park , and other roads (notably Kensington Park Road and Kensington Park Gardens ) are reminders of this. The local telephone prefix 7727 (originally 727) is based on the old telephone exchange name of PARk. Ladbroke left the actual business of developing his land to the firm of City solicitors, Smith, Bayley (known as Bayley and Janson after 1836), who worked with Allason to develop

7396-462: Was unusual, as very few Londoners ventured anywhere near the Potteries and Piggeries. It was only with the building of the Hippodrome in 1837 by entrepreneur John Whyte, that the squalor of Pottery Lane was brought to London's attention. Whyte leased 140 acres (0.57 km) of land from James Weller Ladbroke , owner of the Ladbroke Estate , and proceeded to enclose "the slopes of Notting Hill and

#769230