21-468: The Potteries Loop Line was a railway line that connected Stoke-on-Trent to Mow Cop and Scholar Green via Hanley , Burslem , Tunstall and Kidsgrove . It ran between Staffordshire and Cheshire in England. It served three of the six towns of Stoke on Trent (Hanley, Burslem and Tunstall). It was opened in many short sections due to the cost of railway construction during the 1870s. The line throughout
42-528: A break of gauge occurred, prior to an Act of Parliament the issue in 1846 by establishing one standard gauge of 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 1,435 mm ). The early effort towards standardisation somewhat influenced railways aboard as well, however various other track gauges persisted and developed across the world; even through to the twenty first century, incompatible track gauges, let alone other issues, persisted to hinder interoperability efforts. Several key events happened during
63-624: Is "to promote rail transport at world level and meet the challenges of mobility and sustainable development." The UIC's main objectives are to: When founded in 1922 the UIC had 51 members from 29 countries, including Japan and China . They were soon joined by members from the Soviet Union , the Middle East and North Africa. As of February 2024, the UIC has 223 members (include suspended) across five continents. Of these there are: On 12 November 2010,
84-504: Is an international rail transport industry body. The railways of Europe had originated during the nineteenth century as many separate concerns across numerous nations; this led to disparate and conflicting standards emerging and thus onto incompatibility. One prominent example was the British Gauge War , during which different railway companies were laying different track gauges across Great Britain , causing inefficiency wherever
105-458: The GSM-R radio telecommunication system was formulated as an international interoperability specification covering voice and signalling systems for railway communications. GSM-R, which is built on GSM technology, was designed to be a cost efficient digital replacement for various existing incompatible in-track cable and analogue railway radio networks. The specification for GSM-R is maintained via
126-523: The International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus. Also Centering spring cylinder . Also Railway air brake . Also Main Reservoir and Reservoir . Also see Reverser handle . A metal casting incorporating a slot that allows the casting to fit over the rail near the wheel of a derailed car. The locomotive then pushes or pulls the car so that
147-613: The electrification of the West Coast Main Line, the upgrading of which involved construction of a new line avoiding the Harecastle tunnel . The section from Etruria to Waterloo Road remained open for oil traffic from Century Oils in Hanley; this traffic ceased on 31 July 1969. On 24 September 1972 British Rail ran a special passenger service on the line as an experiment to see whether a revival of passenger services on what remained of
168-737: The 20th century. In 1910 there were almost 40 trains a day using the route, operated mainly by trains composed of close-coupled four wheel coaches. By 1910, Hanley had become the largest of the Six Towns, but the line only served the areas where a fraction of Hanley's workforce lived. From the 1920s the line began to fall victim to road competition. A traffic survey carried out in the middle of 1956 showed that one mid-morning train carried just four passengers, three of whom were railwaymen travelling for free. Services were cut back later that year and by 1961 there were just five passenger trains daily from Stoke-on-Trent to Hanley and Tunstall, none of which ran outside
189-462: The UIC has formed various partnerships and cooperative frameworks with other multinational railway authorities, such as the European Union Agency for Railways . The UIC has played a leading role in the development of Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSIs), which have gradually taken over from older standards developed by various national railway entities. During the 1990s,
210-482: The UIC opened an African regional office in Tunis , Tunisia with the support of SNCFT . On 9 March 2022, the UIC suspended all member companies from Russia and Belarus, following Russian invasion of Ukraine . In order to provide a common understanding and reduce potential confusion, the UIC has established standard international railway terminology and a trilingual (English-French-German) thesaurus of terms. The thesaurus
231-602: The UIC project European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). By June 2023, GSM-R had been implemented across roughly 130,000km of track, along with 90,000 cab radios and 20,000 datalink radio units. A more capable next-generation radio, the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) program, is under development as of 2023. In addition to eventually replacing GSM-R, it will provide new capabilities that require more rapid data exchange, such as live video transmission. The UIC's mission
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#1732852721810252-682: The derailed wheel runs up the rerailer and back on to the track. Also see Extended Wagon Top Boiler . Also see Waist sheet . Also see Expansion knee . Also see Valve gear. Also see Grate Also see Train air signal apparatus. Also see Control system. Also Adhesion railway . Also Adhesion railway . Also see Hub. Also Adhesion railway . Also see Whistle stem. Also Coupler Yoke , Bell Yoke , Guide Yoke , Valve Yoke . International Union of Railways The International Union of Railways ( French : Union internationale des chemins de fer , UIC )
273-533: The early twentieth century; in the aftermath of the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles , numerous border changes were enacted across Europe, which greatly impacted several formerly united national railway networks while compelling several others together in some cases. It was early into the interwar period that the UIC was established on 17 October 1922 with the principal aim of standardising practices across
294-489: The line was commercially viable. The northern part of the route remained open until 1976 to transport coal from an opencast mine at Park Farm, near Goldenhill. Railway line Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of
315-509: The peak hours. As far as goods traffic was concerned, much of it had been transferred to road as the 1950s dawned. The Beeching Axe signalled the final blow for passenger services, and services were withdrawn on 2 March 1964. Freight workings continued for some years afterwards. In 1967 trains were frequently diverted onto the Loop Line between Longport and Kidsgrove via the Pinnox branch during
336-683: The railway industry and expanding international cooperation in the sector. The UIC has introduced numerous classification systems over the decades. During the 1970s, the UIC Franc currency equivalent was established for the purpose of easing international ticket revenue sharing; it was replaced by the European Currency Unit on 1 January 1990. UIC classification and UIC Country Codes allowed precise determination of rolling stock capabilities and ownership; furthermore, wagons have been assigned their own unique UIC wagon numbers . Over time,
357-478: The route northwards once again. A rising gradient led to Cobridge tunnel and then Burslem, before a 1 in 90 climb to Tunstall. After reaching the summit of the line at Newchapel, a 1 in 40 descent led to a cutting near the Birchenwood Coke Works on the approach to Kidsgrove. It then rejoined the main line at Liverpool Road Junction, north of the junction to Crewe . The Loop's heyday was the early part of
378-735: The world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure . An example is the term railroad , used (but not exclusively) in North America , and railway , generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways . In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist. Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by
399-501: Was authorised on 5 July 1865 opening as follows: With the towns that the line served being located on hilltops, the geography of the route was renowned for its severe gradients and sharp curves, especially around Tunstall, Burslem and Hanley. Leaving the main line at Etruria Junction, the line turned almost back on itself to proceed eastwards and passed through part of the Shelton Bar complex. Approaching Hanley, another sharp curve took
420-529: Was sanctioned but the North Staffordshire Railway felt that the line would be unimportant enough to abandon part way through its construction. This upset residents of the towns through which the line was planned to pass and they eventually petitioned Parliament to force the completion of the route. The line was authorised and constructed as follows: The entire section to the NSR main line at Kidsgrove
441-569: Was the result of cooperation with the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT/ CEMT ) and was published in 1995. The UIC has established systems for the classification of locomotives and their axle arrangements , coaches and goods wagons . UIC plays an important role in standardization of railway parts, data and terminology, though the degree to which its standards have been adopted by its members varies. Therefore, UIC codes (also known as UIC leaflet ) are developed since
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