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27-489: Portpatrick is a village and civil parish in the historical county of Wigtownshire , Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland. It is located on the west coast of the Rhins of Galloway . The parish is about 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (7 km) in length and 4 miles (6 km) in breadth, covering 9,300 acres (3,800 ha). Dating back some 700 years and built adjacent to the ruins of nearby Dunskey Castle , Portpatrick's position on

54-626: A Persia independent of the majority- Sunni Muslim world . In the Indian subcontinent , following the defeat of the Delhi Sultanate and Vijayanagara Empire , new powers emerged, the Sur Empire founded by Sher Shah Suri , Deccan sultanates , Rajput states , and the Mughal Empire by Emperor Babur , a direct descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan . His successors Humayun and Akbar , enlarged

81-476: A firework display. There are bowls clubs, a golf club, many guesthouses and hotels, and rustic public houses. The village is also home to a mini putting course. By the inner harbour is the starting point of the Southern Upland Way , a long-distance walking route to Cockburnspath on the east coast. The Portpatrick Hotel, built in 1905 and extended in 1907, sits on the cliffs above this point. The village

108-699: A legal obligation to consult them. 16th century The 16th century began with the Julian year 1501 (represented by the Roman numerals MDI) and ended with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 (MDC), depending on the reckoning used (the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century which saw

135-821: A major figure in the Scientific Revolution in Europe. Spain and Portugal colonized large parts of Central and South America , followed by France and England in Northern America and the Lesser Antilles . The Portuguese became the masters of trade between Brazil , the coasts of Africa, and their possessions in the Indies , whereas the Spanish came to dominate the Greater Antilles , Mexico , Peru , and opened trade across

162-602: Is the base from which Navtex transmissions for the seas North and West of the UK are broadcast. For the purpose of extended Shipping forecasts , the Met Office uses Portpatrick as the name of the forecast area covering the sea between South-East Iceland and Lundy, including the waters around Ireland Civil parishes in Scotland Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer

189-403: The 1572 appearance of a Milky Way supernova . These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle , and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science. Galileo Galilei became a champion of the new sciences, invented the first thermometer and made substantial contributions in the fields of physics and astronomy , becoming

216-569: The Pacific Ocean , linking the Americas with the Indies. English and French privateers began to practice persistent theft of Spanish and Portuguese treasures. This era of colonialism established mercantilism as the leading school of economic thought, where the economic system was viewed as a zero-sum game in which any gain by one party required a loss by another. The mercantilist doctrine encouraged

243-458: The Rhins of Galloway affords visitors views of the Northern Irish coast 21 miles (34 km) to the west, with cliff-top walks and beaches both north and south. The Gulf Stream , flowing in from the north, gives the coastline a pleasant climate, in which subtropical plant life can flourish. Portpatrick has a Community Council, and an annual Life Boat Week, featuring parades, activities, and

270-552: The ecclesiastical parishes of the Church of Scotland . As parishes used for religious functions diverged from civil parishes, the former became known as quoad sacra parishes . Since 1975, Scotland has been divided into community council areas which are often similar to civil parishes in their boundaries. These community council are not equivalent to English parish councils and Welsh community councils and do not have legal powers of their own but in some cases local authorities have

297-461: The poor law . Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as the smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils . Civil parishes in Scotland can be dated from 1845, when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law . While they originally corresponded to

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324-468: The 17th century, but the strong winds across the North Channel made this impractical. In 1770 John Smeaton constructed the town's first proper harbour. In 1821, John Rennie was appointed to create a new harbour defined by two new piers. The north pier collapsed in 1839, but the south remains standing. The harbour's inner basin was built between 1861 and 1863, but by then, the main goods route to Ireland

351-623: The Parish of Montgomorie. The name of the parish however was changed after only two or three years to that of Portpatrick. Portpatrick railway station was completed in 1861. It was the original terminus of the Portpatrick Railway , in order to serve new steam packet services across the North Channel. After a new harbour was built in Stranraer, Portpatrick declined again as a cross-channel port, and

378-617: The empire to include most of South Asia . Japan suffered a severe civil war at this time, known as the Sengoku period , and emerged from it as a unified nation under Toyotomi Hideyoshi . China was ruled by the Ming dynasty, which was becoming increasingly isolationist , coming into conflict with Japan over the control of Korea as well as Japanese pirates . In Africa, Christianity had begun to spread in Central Africa and Southern Africa . Until

405-610: The groundwork for the epochal Thirty Years' War being laid towards the end of the century. In the Middle East , the Ottoman Empire continued to expand, with the sultan taking the title of caliph , while dealing with a resurgent Persia. Iran and Iraq were caught by a major popularity of the Shia sect of Islam under the rule of the Safavid dynasty of warrior-mystics, providing grounds for

432-748: The local authorities created by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and they continue to be used for census purposes. They are used as part of the coding system for agricultural holdings under the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) used to administer schemes within the Common Agricultural Policy . According to the website of the General Register Office for Scotland , there are now 871 civil parishes. Civil parish boundaries originally corresponded with

459-664: The many intra-European wars of the period and arguably fueled European expansion and imperialism throughout the world until the 19th century or early 20th century . The Reformation in central and northern Europe gave a major blow to the authority of the papacy and the Catholic Church . In England , the British-Italian Alberico Gentili wrote the first book on public international law and divided secularism from canon law and Catholic theology. European politics became dominated by religious conflicts, with

486-440: The north a 2.1-metre (6 ft 11 in) road passed diagonally through the defences from the north-west. From the south-east a natural hollow ran out from the fort, flanked on the west by a face of outcropping rock. At the head of it on the west side within the inner rampart were foundations of a small circular structure measuring internally about 2.1 metres (6 ft 11 in) and overall 3.7 metres (12 ft). Portpatrick

513-431: The parishes of the Church of Scotland , the number and boundaries of parishes soon diverged. Where a parish contained a burgh , the area of the parish outside the burgh was termed the landward area. Until 1891 some parishes lay in more than one county . In that year, under the terms of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 , the boundaries of most of the civil parishes and counties were realigned so that each parish

540-484: The required period of residence. It's believed that happy couples could disembark, complete the ceremony, and be back on board within an hour. The graveyard around the church contains memorials to many victims of shipwrecks in nearby waters. Joined to the original chapel was a district by the name of the Black Quarter of Inch. When the church was rebuilt in 1629, the Black Quarter was disjoined from Inch and erected as

567-473: The rise of Western civilization . The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science . Copernicus proposed the heliocentric universe , which was met with strong resistance, and Tycho Brahe refuted the theory of celestial spheres through observational measurement of

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594-547: The station closed on 6 February 1950. Portpatrick would likely be the eastern terminus of the proposed road and rail Irish Sea Bridge . 1 ⁄ 2 mile (800 m) south of the village is Dunskey Castle , reached via a steep trail incorporating steps and a narrow bridge. The site has seen at least two castles, though the present ruins date from the 16th century . A large fort or walled settlement enclosed an area of 1.2 hectares (3.0 acres), about 137 by 125 metres (449 ft × 410 ft), within two walls, covered on

621-444: The west by two ramparts set about 5.5 metres (18 ft) and 9.5 metres (31 ft) apart, with external ditches. A third rampart 2.1 metres (6 ft 11 in) thick by 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in) high was on the southern approach, outside of which was a low bank about 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) wide. On the west-north-west arc of the second wall there was an entrance gap about 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) wide. On

648-570: Was an important ferry port for passengers, postal mail and freight between Ireland and Scotland, the village was described as the Gretna Green for Ireland. There was a daily packet boat from Donaghadee , and marriages for couples from Ireland were conducted by the Church of Scotland minister in Portpatrick, although according to Brack (1997) he often overlooked the rules about the publication of banns or

675-471: Was used as one of the locations for the 1952 film Hunted , starring Dirk Bogarde and directed by Charles Crichton . It also featured in the BBC drama Two Thousand Acres of Sky as a stand-in for Portree . Portpatrick village was founded on fishing, operating from the sandy, crescent-shaped harbour that remains the focal point of the village. It was the principal port for goods and mail traffic to Ireland from

702-440: Was via Stranraer , and services went into decline. This ruined church, dating from 1629, may itself stand on the ruins of an earlier church, known as St Patrick's Chapel. The circular tower may date from the 1520s, and originally stood on its own. Its unusual shape (for Scotland) may mean that it was either a lighthouse for the harbour, or heavily influenced by Irish architecture. In the 18th and 19th centuries, when Portpatrick

729-413: Was wholly within a single county. In 1894 the parochial boards were replaced by more democratically elected parish councils. Parish councils were in turn abolished in 1930, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 , with powers being transferred to county councils in landward areas of counties and burgh councils where they were within a burgh. Their boundaries continued to be used to define some of

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