Porta Magenta , formerly known as Porta Vercellina , was one of the city gates of Milan , Italy . The gate was established in the 9th century, with the Roman walls of the city; it was moved with the medieval and Spanish walls , and was finally demolished in the 19th century. The phrase "Porta Magenta" is now used to refer to the district (" quartiere ") where the gate used to be; the district is part of the Zone 7 administrative division of Milan, west of the city centre.
37-575: Both names "Porta Magenta" and "Porta Vercellina" refer to cities located west of Milan (respectively Magenta and Vercelli ). The former name was after Vercelli as the gate controlled the road connecting Milan to this city; the latter name was chosen to celebrate the Battle of Magenta , a decisive victory in the Second Italian War of Independence . A Porta Vercellina was part of the Roman walls of Milan; it
74-494: A black ink K (Key) component is included, resulting in the CMYK color model . The black ink serves to cover unwanted tints in dark areas of the printed image, which result from the imperfect transparency of commercially practical CMY inks; to improve image sharpness, which tends to be degraded by imperfect registration of the three color elements; and to reduce or eliminate consumption of the more expensive color inks where only black or gray
111-528: A colored appearance. The resultant spectral power distribution is predicted by sequentially taking the product of the spectral power distributions of the incoming light and transmissivity at each filter. The subtractive model also predicts the color resulting from a mixture of paints, or similar medium such as fabric dye, whether applied in layers or mixed together prior to application. In the case of paint mixed before application, incident light interacts with many different pigment particles at various depths inside
148-604: A magenta logo . It has sought to prevent use of any similar color by other businesses, even those in unrelated fields, such as the insurance company Lemonade . Magenta was the English name of Tokyo's Oedo subway line color. It was later changed to ruby . It is also the color of the Metropolitan line of the London Underground . In aircraft autopilot systems, the path that pilot or plane should follow to its destination
185-407: A quinacridone dye is often used for magenta. Various tones of magenta—light, bright, brilliant, vivid, rich, or deep—may be formulated by adding varying amounts of white to quinacridone artist's paints. Another dye used for magenta is Lithol Rubine BK . One of its uses is as a food coloring. In color printing , the color called process magenta , pigment magenta , or printer's magenta is one of
222-577: A reddish-purple dye which he called " fuchsine ", after the color of the flower of the fuchsia plant. He quit the Rafard factory and took his color to a firm of paint manufacturers, Francisque and Joseph Renard, who began to manufacture the dye in 1859. In the same year, two British chemists, Edward Chambers Nicholson and George Maule, working at the laboratory of the paint manufacturer George Simpson, located in Walworth, south of London, made another aniline dye with
259-467: A similar red-purple color, which they began to manufacture in 1860 under the name "roseine". In 1860, they changed the name of the color to "magenta", in honor of the Battle of Magenta fought by the armies of France and Sardinia against Austrians at Magenta, Lombardy the year before, and the new color became a commercial success. Starting in 1935, the family of quinacridone dyes was developed. These have colors ranging from red to violet, so nowadays
296-518: A white sheet of paper controls how much of the red light in white light will be reflected back from the paper. Ideally, the cyan ink is completely transparent to green and blue light and has no effect on those parts of the spectrum . Magenta is the complement of green , and yellow the complement of blue . Combinations of different amounts of the three inks can produce a wide range of colors with good saturation . In inkjet color printing and typical mass production photomechanical printing processes ,
333-457: Is a purplish - red color. On color wheels of the RGB (additive) and CMY (subtractive) color models, it is located precisely midway between blue and red . It is one of the four colors of ink used in color printing by an inkjet printer , along with yellow , cyan , and black to make all the other colors. The tone of magenta used in printing , printer's magenta , is redder than the magenta of
370-537: Is a central district of Milan. Its main streets, Corso Magenta and Corso Vercelli, are a prominent shopping area, with several shops and large stores. Being part of the centre of Milan, the district is rich of 19th century monumental buildings and other prominent architectures, especially in Corso Magenta. The most important building in the district is the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie , one of Milan's prominent landmarks as well as UNESCO World Heritage Site , which
407-644: Is called magenta in X11 and fuchsia in HTML . In the RGB color model, it is created by combining equal intensities of red and blue light. The two web colors magenta and fuchsia are exactly the same color. Sometimes the web color magenta is called electric magenta or electronic magenta . While the magenta used in printing and the web color have the same name, they have important differences. Process magenta (the color used for magenta printing ink—also called printer's or pigment magenta)
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#1732852478883444-484: Is called red-purple . If the spectrum is wrapped to form a color wheel, magenta (additive secondary) appears midway between red and violet. Violet and red, the two components of magenta, are at opposite ends of the visible spectrum and have very different wavelengths. The additive secondary color magenta is made by combining violet and red light at equal intensity; it is not present in the spectrum itself. The web colors fuchsia and magenta are identical, made by mixing
481-747: Is known both for its architecture and for housing Leonardo da Vinci 's The Last Supper mural. Other landmark buildings in Porta Magenta include Palazzo Litta , the church of San Mauririzio, and the Palazzo delle Stelline. The district also includes the most well-known and historic jailhouse of Milan, the Carcere di San Vittore (in Via San Vittore). 45°27′58″N 9°09′57″E / 45.46611°N 9.16583°E / 45.46611; 9.16583 Magenta Magenta ( / m ə ˈ dʒ ɛ n t ə / )
518-403: Is much less vivid than the color magenta achievable on a computer screen. CMYK printing technology cannot accurately reproduce on paper the color on the computer screen. When the web color magenta is reproduced on paper, it is called fuchsia and it is physically impossible for it to appear on paper as vivid as on a computer screen. Colored pencils and crayons called "magenta" are usually colored
555-426: Is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there may be variations in the printed color that is pure magenta ink. The web color magenta is one of the three secondary colors in the RGB color model . On the RGB color wheel , magenta is the color between rose and violet , and halfway between red and blue . This color
592-473: Is stimulated in the brain when the eye reports input from short wave blue cone cells along with a sub-sensitivity of the long wave cones which respond secondarily to that same deep blue color, but with little or no input from the middle wave cones. The brain interprets that combination as some hue of magenta or purple, depending on the relative strengths of the cone responses. In the Munsell color system , magenta
629-531: Is the traditional set of primary colors used for mixing pigments. It is used in art and art education, particularly in painting . It predated modern scientific color theory . Red, yellow, and blue are the primary colors of the RYB color "wheel" . The secondary colors, violet (or purple), orange, and green (VOG) make up another triad, conceptually formed by mixing equal amounts of red and blue, red and yellow, and blue and yellow, respectively. The RYB primary colors became
666-626: Is usually indicated in cockpit displays using the color magenta. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued a Magenta colored banknote of ₹2000 denomination on 8 November 2016 under Mahatma Gandhi New Series . This is the highest currency note printed by RBI that is in active circulation in India . Magenta is an extremely rare color to find on heraldic flags and coats of arms, since its adoption dates back to relatively recent times. However, there are some examples of its use: Subtractive color Subtractive color or subtractive color mixing predicts
703-408: The spectral power distribution of light after it passes through successive layers of partially absorbing media. This idealized model is the essential principle of how dyes and pigments are used in color printing and photography, where the perception of color is elicited after white light passes through microscopic "stacks" of partially absorbing media allowing some wavelengths of light to reach
740-459: The Middle Ages, the name "Porta Vercellina" began to identify the rione as well as the gate; the rione had its own coat of arms . The only remnant of the medieval walls is a statue of Mary and Baby, now housed by the nearby Church of São Nicolau ( Nicholas of Flüe ). In the 16th century, during Spanish rule, the walls of Milan were again enlarged, and the gate moved again west, to what is now
777-658: The RGB (additive) model, the former being closer to rose . Magenta took its name from an aniline dye made and patented in 1859 by the French chemist François-Emmanuel Verguin, who originally called it fuchsine . It was renamed to celebrate the Italian-French victory at the Battle of Magenta fought between the French and Austrians on 4 June 1859 near the Italian town of Magenta in Lombardy . A virtually identical color, called roseine,
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#1732852478883814-469: The RGB color system, used to create all the colors on a television or computer display, magenta is a secondary color, made by combining equal amounts of red and blue light at a high intensity. In this system, magenta is the complementary color of green, and combining green and magenta light on a black screen will create white. In the CMYK color model , used in color printing, it is one of the three primary colors, along with cyan and yellow, used to print all
851-403: The color of process magenta ( printer's magenta ). Magenta is a common color for flowers, particularly in the tropics and sub-tropics. Because magenta is the complementary color of green, magenta flowers have the highest contrast with the green foliage, and therefore are more visible to the animals needed for their pollination. The German telecommunications company Deutsche Telekom uses
888-535: The contrasting shadows in colored light. These ideas and many personal color observations were summarized in two founding documents in color theory: the Theory of Colours (1810) by the German poet and government minister Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , and The Law of Simultaneous Color Contrast (1839) by the French industrial chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul . In late 19th and early to mid-20th-century commercial printing, use of
925-541: The corner between Via Toti and Corso Vercelli. This gate was demolished and rebuilt in the early 19th century, when Milan became the capital of the Napoleonic Italian Kingdom . Porta Vercellina was actually among the first gates to be restructured, as it was destined to be used for the triumphal entry of Napoleon in Milan on 8 May 1805. The design of the new gate was commissioned to architect Luigi Canonica . As with
962-436: The eye and not others, and also in painting, whether the colors are mixed or applied in successive layers. The subtractive color mixing model predicts the resultant spectral power distribution of light filtered through overlaid partially absorbing materials on a reflecting or transparent surface. Each layer partially absorbs some wavelengths of light from the illumination spectrum while letting others pass through, resulting in
999-416: The foundation of 18th-century theories of color vision as the fundamental sensory qualities blended in the perception of all physical colors and equally in the physical mixture of pigments or dyes. These theories were enhanced by 18th-century investigations of a variety of purely psychological color effects, in particular, the contrast between "complementary" or opposing hues produced by color afterimages and in
1036-509: The foundations of the walls themselves. In the 12th century, after Frederick I Barbarossa conquered and ravaged Milan, a new fortified walls system was built, enclosing a larger area, and Porta Vercellina was thus moved west, farther from the centre, to what is now Via Carducci, between the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio and the Sforza Castle . A moat and a drawbridge were added to the gate. In
1073-454: The other Napoleonic gates of Milan, Porta Vercellina had lost its defensive function, and became a tollgate. The gate was renamed "Porta Magenta" in 1860, to celebrate the victorious Battle of Magenta . In 1873, when the boundaries of Milan were enlarged and the surrounding Comune dei Corpi Santi was annexed to the city, the tollgate at Porta Vercellina lost its purpose, and in 1885 the gate was finally demolished. The district of Porta Magenta
1110-432: The paint layer before emerging. Art supply manufacturers offer colors that successfully fill the roles of the subtractive primary colors magenta and cyan. For example, the phthalocyanine blues , which became available during the 1930s, and quinacridone magenta, first offered during the 1950s, together with yellow produce more highly-saturated violets and greens than do the traditional red and blue. RYB (red, yellow, blue)
1147-406: The rest of the colors. If magenta, cyan, and yellow are printed on top of each other on a page, they make black. In this model, magenta is the complementary color of green. If combined, green and magenta ink will look dark brown or black. The magenta used in color printing, sometimes called process magenta, is a darker shade than the color used on computer screens. In terms of physiology , the color
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1184-474: The same proportions of blue and red light. In design and printing, there is more variation. The French version of fuchsia in the RGB color model and in printing contains a higher proportion of red than the American version of fuchsia. The color magenta was the result of the industrial chemistry revolution of the mid-nineteenth century, which began with the invention by William Perkin of mauveine in 1856, which
1221-463: The three primary pigment colors which, along with yellow and cyan , constitute the three subtractive primary colors of pigment. (The secondary colors of pigment are blue, green, and red.) As such, the hue magenta is the complement of green : magenta pigments absorb green light; thus magenta and green are opposite colors. The CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color comic strips . Process magenta
1258-426: The traditional RYB terminology persisted even though the more versatile CMY (cyan, magenta, yellow) triad had been adopted, with the cyan sometimes referred to as "process blue" and the magenta as "process red". In color printing , the usual primary colors are cyan , magenta and yellow (CMY). Cyan is the complement of red, meaning that the cyan serves as a filter that absorbs red. The amount of cyan ink applied to
1295-449: Was created in 1860 by two British chemists, Edward Chambers Nicholson, and George Maule. The web color magenta is also called fuchsia . Magenta is an extra-spectral color , meaning that it is not a hue associated with monochromatic visible light . Magenta is associated with perception of spectral power distributions concentrated mostly in two bands: longer wavelength reddish components and shorter wavelength blueish components. In
1332-642: Was located in what is now Via San Giovanni sul Muro, at the corner of Via Meravigli. The gate was probably restructured (but not relocated) in the Roman Empire era. There are no remnants of the Roman gate, although the area houses some of the best preserved Roman relics of Milan, namely part of the Imperial Palace (in Via Brisa), the "Anspertus Tower" (later adapted as a clocktower of the Maggiore monastery), and part of
1369-484: Was the first synthetic aniline dye . The enormous commercial success of the dye and the new color it produced, mauve , inspired other chemists in Europe to develop new colors made from aniline dyes. In France, François-Emmanuel Verguin, the director of the chemical factory of Louis Rafard near Lyon , tried many different formulae before finally in late 1858 or early 1859, mixing aniline with carbon tetrachloride , producing
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