The Port Tobacco River is a tidal tributary of the Potomac River in Charles County , Maryland , in the United States . The river is about 4.2 miles (6.8 km) long. Port Tobacco , the county seat of Charles County from 1658 to 1895, was an active port until that portion of the river became silted and unnavigable. When the railroad bypassed the town, business declined, and the county seat was moved to La Plata, Maryland .
40-501: 38°27′28″N 77°2′6″W / 38.45778°N 77.03500°W / 38.45778; -77.03500 This article about a location in Charles County , Maryland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Maryland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Charles County, Maryland Charles County
80-403: A Roman citizen enjoyed not only passive freedom from ownership, but active political freedom (libertas) , including the right to vote. A slave who had acquired libertas was known as a libertus ("freed person", feminine liberta ) in relation to his former master, who was called his or her patron ( patronus ) . As a social class, freed slaves were liberti , though later Latin texts used
120-543: A tornado ripped through the county leaving 17 dead (including 13 schoolchildren). On April 28, 2002 , another tornado (rated an F-4) destroyed much of downtown La Plata killing 3 and injuring over 100 people. The county has numerous properties on the National Register of Historic Places . Among them are Green Park and Pleasant Hill , home of the Green and Spalding Families. On December 4, 2004, an arson took place in
160-457: A household in the county was $ 62,199, and the median income for a family was $ 67,602 (these figures had risen to $ 80,573 and $ 89,358 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $ 43,371 versus $ 34,231 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 24,285. About 3.70% of families and 5.50% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.70% of those under age 18 and 8.60% of those age 65 or over. As of 2010,
200-408: A larger group), or self-purchase. A fugitive slave is a person who escaped enslavement by fleeing. Rome differed from Greek city-states in allowing freed slaves to become plebeian citizens . The act of freeing a slave was called manumissio , from manus , "hand" (in the sense of holding or possessing something), and missio , the act of releasing. After manumission , a slave who had belonged to
240-529: A precedent whereby freedmen could be used as civil servants in the Roman bureaucracy . In addition, Claudius passed legislation concerning slaves, including a law stating that sick slaves abandoned by their owners became freedmen if they recovered. The emperor was criticized for using freedmen in the Imperial Courts. Some freedmen enjoyed enormous success and became quite wealthy. The brothers who owned House of
280-537: Is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2020 census , the population was 166,617. The county seat is La Plata . The county was named for Charles Calvert (1637–1715), third Baron Baltimore . The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state. With a median household income of $ 103,678, Charles County is the 39th-wealthiest county in the United States as of 2020, and
320-445: Is governed by county commissioners, the traditional form of county government in Maryland. There are five commissioners. As of 2022 , they are: Charles County is entirely within the 5th Congressional District , which also includes Calvert, St. Mary's, and parts of Anne Arundel and Prince George's counties. The current representative is former Democratic House Majority Leader and former House Minority Whip Steny H. Hoyer . According to
360-495: Is served by numerous state highways and one U.S. Highway : The Census Bureau recognizes the following census-designated places in the county: 38°29′N 77°01′W / 38.48°N 77.01°W / 38.48; -77.01 Freedmen A freedman or freedwoman is a person who has been released from slavery , usually by legal means. Historically, slaves were freed by manumission (granted freedom by their owners), emancipation (granted freedom as part of
400-562: The American Civil War . They supported the Confederacy during the war, supplying some warriors in the West, as they were promised their own state if the Confederacy won. After the end of the war, the U.S. required these tribes to make new peace treaties, and to emancipate their African slaves. They were required to offer full citizenship in their tribes to those freedmen who wanted to stay with
440-771: The Arab - Muslim world . They also enslaved Europeans (known as Saqaliba ), as well as Caucasian and Turkic peoples, from coastal areas of the Mediterranean Region , the Balkans , Central Asia , and the Eurasian steppes . The offspring of Mamluks were regarded as Muslim freedmen, and hence excluded from the Arab-Muslim slave trade; they were known as the awlād al-nās ("sons of respectable people"), who either fulfilled scribal and administrative functions or served as commanders of
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#1732855204927480-853: The Atlantic slave trade . The slaves of the Eastern slave trade came mainly from Sub-Saharan Africa , Northwestern Africa , Southern Europe , Slavic countries , the Caucasus , and the Indian subcontinent , and were imported by the Arab-Muslim slave traders into the Middle East and North Africa , the Horn of Africa , and the islands of the Indian Ocean . For centuries, Arab-Muslim slave traders took and transported an estimated 10 to 15 million native Africans to slavery throughout
520-547: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has an area of 643 square miles (1,670 km ), of which 458 square miles (1,190 km ) is land and 185 square miles (480 km ) (29%) water. In its western wing, along the southernmost bend in Maryland Route 224 , Charles County contains a place due north, east, south, and west of the same state—Virginia. As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 146,551 people, 51,214 households, and 38,614 families residing in
560-493: The census of 2000, there were 120,546 people, 41,668 households, and 32,292 families residing in the county. The population density was 262 inhabitants per square mile (101/km ). There were 43,903 housing units at an average density of 95 per square mile (37/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 68.51% White , 26.06% Black or African American , 0.75% Native American , 1.82% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 0.72% from other races , and 2.08% from two or more races. 2.26% of
600-550: The early Muslim conquests throughout the Arab - Muslim world from the 7th to the 20th centuries, peaking in the 18th and 19th centuries. This term, which covers the Arab-Muslim slave trade, is symmetrical with the term "Western slave trade", which refers to the triangular trade on the Western coasts of Africa that supplied the European colonization of the Americas , and which includes
640-534: The "Civil War Amendments" or the " Reconstruction Amendments ". To help freedmen transition from slavery to freedom, including a free labor market, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln created the Freedmen's Bureau , which assigned agents throughout the former Confederate states. The Bureau also founded schools to educate freedmen, both adults and children; helped freedmen negotiate labor contracts; and tried to minimize violence against freedmen. The era of Reconstruction
680-530: The Confederacy —states in rebellion and not under the control of the Union —to be permanently free. It did not end slavery in the four border states that had stayed in the Union. African slavery elsewhere was abolished by state action or with the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in December 1865. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 , passed over the veto of U.S. President Andrew Johnson , gave
720-537: The South via military districts enacted by the Reconstruction Acts ; they protected freedmen in voting polls and public facilities from violence and intimidation by white Southerners, which were common throughout the region. The Cherokee Nation , Choctaw Nation , Chickasaw Nation , Seminole Nation of Oklahoma , and Creek Nation were among those Native American tribes that held enslaved Africans before and during
760-509: The United Kingdom and Europe voluntarily, planning to settle in Australia, some as pastors and missionaries, others seeking to make a living by trade or farming. When convicts finished their sentence, they were freed and referred to as "freedmen" or "freed men". However, many of these who were freed wanted to claim the label "free men". But those who had come freely to Australia wanted to reserve
800-570: The Vettii , one of the biggest and most magnificent houses in Pompeii , are thought to have been freedmen. A freedman who became rich and influential might still be looked down on by the traditional aristocracy as a vulgar nouveau riche . Trimalchio , a character in the Satyricon of Petronius , is a caricature of such a freedman. The term "Eastern slave trade" refers to the Arab slave trade that supplied
840-463: The county population's racial makeup was 48.38% Non-Hispanic whites, 40.96% blacks, 0.65% Native Americans, 2.98% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islanders, 0.17% Non-Hispanics of some other race, 3.20% Non-Hispanics reporting more than one race and 4.27% Hispanic. According to the 2022 publication "Meet Charles County" of the County Department of Economic Development, its top employers are: Charles County
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#1732855204927880-424: The county. The population density was 320.2 inhabitants per square mile (123.6/km ). There were 54,963 housing units at an average density of 120.1 per square mile (46.4/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 50.3% white, 41.0% black or African American, 3.0% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.3% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.3% of
920-468: The development of Hunters Brooke, a few miles southeast of Indian Head . The Hunters Brooke Arson was the largest residential arson in Maryland history. Owing to the considerable voting power of its large number of freedmen following the Civil War , and later its growth as a suburban area, Charles County was for a long time solidly Republican . The only Democrat to carry Charles County until 1960
960-404: The formerly enslaved peoples full citizenship in the United States , though this did not guarantee them voting rights. The 14th Amendment made "All persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the United States. The 15th Amendment gave voting rights to all adult males; only adult males had the franchise among White Americans . The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are known as
1000-791: The highest-income county in the United States with a Black-majority population. Charles County was created in 1658 by an Order in Council . There was also an earlier Charles County from 1650 to 1654, sometimes referred to in historic documents as Old Charles County , which consisted largely of lands within today's borders but "included parts of St. Mary’s, Calvert, present-day Charles, and Prince George’s County". John Tayloe I purchased land around Nanjemoy Creek after 1710 from which to mine iron and ship to his furnaces at Bristol Iron Works , Neabsco Iron Works and later Occoquan Ironworks. In April 1865, John Wilkes Booth made his escape through Charles County after shooting President Abraham Lincoln . He
1040-653: The non-Mamluk ḥalqa troops, serving the ruling Arab and Ottoman dynasties in the Muslim world . In the history of the United States , the terms "freedmen" and "freedwomen" refer chiefly to former African slaves emancipated during and after the American Civil War by the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution . African slaves freed before the war (usually by individual manumissions , often in wills ) were generally referred to as "free Negroes" or "free Blacks". In addition, there
1080-700: The north of the island. Some went first to Spanish-ruled Cuba , from where they immigrated to New Orleans in 1808 and 1809 after being expelled when Napoleon invaded Spanish territories in Western Europe . Many brought slaves with them. Their numbers strengthened the French-speaking community of enslaved African peoples, as well as the free people of color. Other refugees from Saint-Domingue settled in Charleston , Savannah , and New York . The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 declared all enslaved peoples in
1120-679: The original group). In addition to arguing that the post-Civil War treaties gave them citizenship, the freedmen have argued that the Dawes Rolls were often inaccurate, recording as freedmen even those individuals who had partial Cherokee ancestry and were considered Cherokee by blood. The Choctaw freedmen and Creek freedmen have similarly struggled with their respective tribes over the terms of citizenship in contemporary times. The tribes have wanted to limit those who can benefit from tribal citizenship, in an era in which gaming casinos are yielding considerable revenues for members. The majority of members of
1160-486: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 11.6% were of German , 10.8% Irish , 10.2% English , 9.3% American and 5.3% Italian ancestry. There were 41,668 households, out of which 41.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.00% were married couples living together, 14.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.50% were non-families. 17.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.20% had someone living alone who
1200-447: The population. In terms of ancestry, 12.6% were German , 10.8% were Irish , 8.7% were English , 6.3% were American , and 5.1% were Italian . Of the 51,214 households, 41.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.6% were non-families, and 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size
1240-465: The terms libertus and libertini interchangeably. Libertini were not entitled to hold public office or state priesthoods , nor could they achieve legitimate senatorial rank . During the early Empire, however, freedmen held key positions in the government bureaucracy, so much so that Hadrian limited their participation by law. Any future children of a freedman would be born free, with full rights of citizenship. The Claudian Civil Service set
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1280-450: The tribes have voted to limit membership. Descendants of freedmen, however, maintain that their rights to citizenship granted under the post-Civil War treaties should be restored. In 2017, the Cherokee freedmen were granted citizenship again in the tribe. Many convicted people from the United Kingdom were sentenced to be transported to Australia between 1788 and 1868. Also, many came from
1320-560: The tribes. Numerous families had intermarried by that time or had other personal ties. If freedmen left the tribes, they would become U.S. citizens. In the late 20th century, the Cherokee Nation voted for restrictions on membership to only those descendants of people listed as "Cherokee by blood" on the Dawes Rolls of the early 20th century, a decision that excluded most Cherokee Freedmen (by that time this term referred to descendants of
1360-522: Was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, although Alf Landon and Wendell Willkie defeated Roosevelt in the next two elections by a combined margin of just 50 votes. Since the turn of the millennium, Charles County has become reliably Democratic, although not as overwhelmingly so as other parts of Maryland's Washington, D.C. suburbs. Charles County is one of only two counties in the nation to have voted for Al Gore in 2000 after voting for Bob Dole in 1996, along with Orange County, Florida . Charles County
1400-464: Was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.24. The median age was 37.4 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 88,825 and the median income for a family was $ 98,560. Males had a median income of $ 62,210 versus $ 52,477 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 35,780. About 3.7% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over. As of
1440-457: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.21. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.70% under the age of 18, 7.60% from 18 to 24, 33.20% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 7.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.20 males. The median income for
1480-546: Was a population of African Americans born free. In addition, there were sizable communities of free peoples of African descent in the French Caribbean colonies , such as Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) and Guadeloupe . Due to the violence of the Haitian Revolution , many free people of color, who were originally part of the revolution, fled the island as refugees after being attacked by slave rebels , particularly in
1520-562: Was an attempt to establish new governments in the former Confederacy and to bring freedmen into society as voting citizens. Northern church bodies, such as the American Missionary Association and the Free Will Baptists , sent teachers to the South to assist in educating freedmen and their children, and eventually established several colleges for higher education. U.S. Army occupation soldiers were stationed throughout
1560-495: Was drafted by Democratic state delegate (lower house) Walter Digges and co-sponsored by state senator (upper house) William J. Frere , both from Charles County, Maryland. In Maryland's unrestricted general election of 1911, the Digges Amendment was defeated with 46,220 votes for and 83,920 votes against the proposal. Nationally Maryland citizens achieved the most notable rejection of a black-disfranchising amendment. In 1926,
1600-692: Was on his way to Virginia . He stopped briefly in Waldorf (then called Beantown) and had his broken leg set by local Doctor Samuel Mudd , who was later sent to prison for helping him. Booth then proceeded to hide in the Zekiah Swamp in Charles County, avoiding search parties for over a week until he and his accomplice were able to successfully cross the Potomac River . The 1911 Digges Amendment , which attempted to disenfranchise African Americans in Maryland,
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