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35-522: Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone (August 9, 1877 – May 10, 1957) was an American businesswoman, inventor and philanthropist. In the first three decades of the 20th century, she founded and developed a large and prominent commercial and educational enterprise centered on cosmetics for African-American women. Annie Minerva Turnbo was born in Metropolis, Illinois , the daughter of Robert and Isabella Turnbo, who had formerly been enslaved. When her father went for
70-769: A benefactor of the St. Louis Colored Orphans Home , where she served as president on the board of directors from 1919 to 1943. With her help, in 1922 the Home bought a facility at 2612 Goode Avenue, which was renamed Annie Malone Drive in her honor. The Orphans Home is located in the historic Ville neighborhood. Upgraded and expanded, the facility was renamed in the entrepreneur's honor as the Annie Malone Children and Family Service Center. As well as funding many programs, Turnbo Malone ensured that her employees, all African American, were paid well and given opportunities for advancement. Turnbo
105-492: A family was $ 33,979. Males had a median income of $ 27,630 versus $ 17,561 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,967. About 12.5% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 21.8% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over. Metropolis is served by Interstate 24 , which runs from Chattanooga, Tennessee , northwest to Williamson County, Illinois , where it connects with Interstate 57 . U.S. Route 45 passes through
140-514: A larger facility on 3100 Pine Street. In 1918, she established Poro College, a cosmetology school and center. The building included a manufacturing plant, a retail store where Poro products were sold, business offices, a 500-seat auditorium, dining and meeting rooms, a roof garden, dormitory, gymnasium, bakery, and chapel. It served the African-American community as a center for religious and social functions. The college's curriculum addressed
175-591: A public school in Metropolis, before moving in 1896 to live with her older sister Ada Moody in Peoria . There Turnbo attended high school, taking a particular interest in chemistry. However, due to frequent illness, she was forced to withdraw from classes. While out of school, Turnbo grew so fascinated with hair and hair care that she often practiced hairdressing with her sister. With expertise in both chemistry and hair care, Turnbo began to develop her own hair-care products. At
210-476: A statue of Noel Neill 's Lois Lane from The Adventures of Superman stands just a few blocks away. Each year on the second weekend of June, Superman fans from all over the world gather in Metropolis for their annual Superman Celebration , which features celebrity guests from movies, television, and the comic book industry. Since June 1979, the Metropolis Chamber of Commerce had organized 44 editions of
245-540: A transport hub and chose a befittingly grand name. In 1843, the Illinois Legislature formed Massac County. The McCartney family became leaders in building the town of Metropolis. During the early years of the American Civil War , soldiers were encamped in the vicinity. Although Illinois was established as a free state, this section had many southern sympathizers. Despite this background, the state stayed with
280-546: A wide advertising campaign in the black press, held news conferences, toured many southern states, and recruited many women whom she trained to sell her products. One of her selling agents, Sarah Breedlove Davis , later known as Madam C. J. Walker, operated first in St. Louis and later in Denver, Colorado , until a disagreement led Walker to leave the company. Walker allegedly took the original Poro formula and created her own brand of it (this
315-443: Is disputed). This development was one of the reasons which led then Turnbo to copyright her products under the name "Poro" because of what she called fraudulent imitations and to discourage counterfeit versions. Poro may have received this name from a Mende word for devotional society or it may be a combination of the married names of Annie Pope and her sister Laura Roberts. Due to the growth in her business, in 1910 Turnbo moved to
350-563: Is located by the Ohio River . As of the 2020 census , it had a population of 5,969, down from 6,537 in 2010 . Metropolis is part of the Paducah , KY -IL Metropolitan Statistical Area in Southern Illinois . Located on the Ohio River , the Metropolis area has been settled by many different peoples throughout history. For thousands of years, varying cultures of Native Americans populated
385-562: Is portrayed by British actress Carmen Ejogo in the 2020 Netflix miniseries Self Made . In this version, the character is renamed Addie Munroe. Turnbo is featured in Bayer Mack 's 2019 documentary, No Lye: An American Beauty Story , which chronicles the rise and decline of the black-owned ethnic beauty industry. Metropolis, Illinois Metropolis is a city and the county seat in Massac County, Illinois , United States. It
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#1732859140806420-753: The Paducah & Louisville Railway , crossing the Ohio River on the Metropolis Bridge . Metropolis is home to Massac Memorial Hospital , a 25-bed critical access hospital that opened in 1956. Originally shaped like a cross, the hospital is located on the northwest side of town. The hospital has undergone several renovations and additions to make updates to the original facility. Current services offered include ambulance, cardiac rehabilitation, cardiopulmonary, emergency department, imaging, laboratory, Massac Memorial Medical Clinic, rehabilitation services, sleep disorders center, specialty clinic, surgery, and transitional care. A Fresenius Medical Care dialysis center
455-549: The Superman Celebration . The four-day annual celebration also boasts vendors selling food, comics, homemade crafts, and other merchandise, as well as discussion panels, auctions, a costume contest, and a variety of other events throughout the weekend. The first such celebration was organized by local civic clubs and took place in June 1979. The local newspaper is named The Metropolis Planet , inspired by The Daily Planet ,
490-459: The Union during the war. Prior to the American Civil War , some groups worked to establish a Western District of Columbia , to include present-day Metropolis and the nearby area of Kentucky. An 1850 map illustrates this proposal. During the twentieth century, agriculture has continued to be the economic driver of the region. The state's authorization of riverboat gambling led to Metropolis's becoming
525-498: The census of 2000, there were 6,482 people, 2,896 households, and 1,708 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,295.1 inhabitants per square mile (500.0/km ). There were 3,265 housing units at an average density of 652.3 per square mile (251.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.53% White , 7.61% African American , 0.20% Native American , 0.20% Asian , 0.45% from other races , and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of
560-651: The Ohio and lower Mississippian valleys, where the rivers were part of widespread trading routes used for exchange with other cultures. In 1757, Massac County was settled by a French expedition, which built Fort de L'Ascension for use during the French and Indian War against the British (the war is also known as the Seven Years' War , which took place largely in Europe). The garrison at the fort
595-504: The Union with the 1st Kentucky Cavalry in the Civil War , Isabella took the couple's children and escaped from Kentucky , a neutral border state that maintained slavery. After traveling down the Ohio River , she found refuge in Metropolis, Illinois . Annie Turnbo was born on a farm near Metropolis in Massac County, Illinois , the tenth of eleven children. Orphaned at a young age, she attended
630-544: The Wonderful Hair Grower in bottles door-to-door. Her products and sales began to revolutionize hair-care methods for all African Americans. In 1902, Turnbo moved to a thriving St. Louis , where she and three employees sold her hair-care products door-to-door. As part of her marketing, she gave away free treatments to attract more customers. Due to the high demand for her product in St. Louis, Turnbo opened her first shop in 1902 at 2223 Market Street. She also launched
665-642: The area. The most complex society was the Mississippian culture , which reached its peak around AD 1100 and built a large city at Cahokia , near the Mississippi River and present-day Collinsville, Illinois , to the north opposite St. Louis, Missouri . Its people built large earthworks and related structures, many of which have been preserved and protected at the UNESCO World Heritage Site . Mississippian culture regional centers arose throughout
700-413: The average family size was 2.77. In the city the population was spread out, with 20.0% under 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 24.8% ages 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 25,371, and the median income for
735-494: The center of Metropolis as East 5th Street, Ferry Street, and West 10th Street. US 45 runs geographically east–west through the area but runs north to Chicago and south to Paducah and is signed north–south. Illinois Route 145 lies east of the city and serves remote areas of nearby Shawnee National Forest . Metropolis is served by the Paducah & Illinois Railroad, jointly owned by Canadian National Railway , BNSF Railway , and
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#1732859140806770-414: The company, he demanded half of the business' value, based on his claim that his contributions had been integral to its success. The divorce suit forced Poro College into court-ordered receivership. With support from her employees and powerful figures such as Mary McLeod Bethune , she negotiated a settlement of $ 200,000. This affirmed her as the sole owner of Poro College, and the divorce was granted. After
805-642: The couple divorced in 1907. On April 28, 1914, Annie Turnbo married Aaron Eugene Malone, a former teacher and religious book salesman. By the 1920s, Annie Turnbo Malone had become a multi-millionaire. In 1924 she paid income tax of nearly $ 40,000, reportedly the highest in Missouri. While extremely wealthy, Malone lived modestly, giving thousands of dollars to the local black YMCA and the Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, D.C. She became
840-577: The divorce, Turnbo moved most of her business to Chicago's South Parkway (now Martin Luther King Jr. Drive), where she bought an entire city block. Other lawsuits followed. In 1937, during the Great Depression , a former employee filed suit, also claiming credit for Poro's success. To raise money for the settlement, Turnbo Malone sold her St. Louis property. Although much reduced in size, her business continued to thrive. In 1902 she married Nelson Pope;
875-474: The fictional paper in the Superman comics and other Superman media. The real town of Metropolis is portrayed in one Superman comic-book story, "Superman #92", in a story titled "Massacre in Metropolis!" (which is continued into "Adventures of Superman #515"), as a town whose citizens idolize what is to them the real-life Man of Steel. A villain named Massacre arrives in the town, having gotten lost and thinking he
910-410: The north shore of the Ohio River . It is bordered to the south, across the river, by McCracken County, Kentucky . Paducah, Kentucky , is 13 miles (21 km) to the southeast. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , Metropolis has a total area of 6.16 square miles (15.95 km ), of which 6.02 square miles (15.59 km ) are land and 0.14 square miles (0.36 km ), or 2.30%, are water. As of
945-409: The population. There were 2,896 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and
980-540: The rebels. Afterward in 1794, President George Washington ordered Fort Massac reconstructed, at a strategic site high above the Ohio River. The fort was severely damaged by the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes . Rather than rebuild, the US military abandoned the facility in 1814, as its forces were needed further west. Local settlers scavenged the timbers and left little behind of the original construction materials. This section of
1015-682: The site of the Harrah's Metropolis casino /hotel, a riverboat casino frequented by visitors from around the region. Tourism is one of the city's largest industries. Metropolis is also the site of the Honeywell Uranium Hexafluoride Processing Facility , which converts milled uranium into uranium hexafluoride for nuclear reactors . Metropolis is located in southern Massac County at 37°9′12″N 88°43′31″W / 37.15333°N 88.72528°W / 37.15333; -88.72528 (37.153332, -88.725374), on
1050-453: The state was largely settled by migrants from the Upper South , and many brought slaves with them. It was years after Illinois was admitted as a free state that all such slaves gained their freedom. The city of Metropolis was founded in 1839 near the site of Fort Massac by a merchant from Pittsburgh and a local land owner; the two envisioned that the location on the Ohio River would become
1085-554: The time, many women used goose fat, heavy oils, soap, or bacon grease to straighten their curls, which damaged both scalp and hair. By the beginning of the 1900s, Turnbo moved with her older siblings to Lovejoy, now known as Brooklyn, Illinois . While experimenting with hair and different hair-care products, she developed and manufactured her own line of non-damaging hair straighteners, special oils, and hair-stimulant products for African-American women. She named her new product “Wonderful Hair Grower”. To promote her new product, Turnbo sold
Annie Turnbo Malone - Misplaced Pages Continue
1120-554: The whole student; students were coached on personal style for work: on walking, talking, and a style of dress designed to maintain a solid persona. Poro College employed nearly 200 people in St. Louis. Through its school and franchise businesses, the college created jobs for almost 75,000 women in North and South America, Africa and the Philippines. Her business thrived until 1927 when her husband filed for divorce. Having served as president of
1155-595: Was able to resist a Cherokee attack during the war. Afterward the defeated French abandoned the fort, and many moved west of the Mississippi River to escape British rule. When the victorious British colonists arrived to take control of territory ceded by the French, the Chickasaw had already destroyed the fort. During the American Revolutionary War , the mostly ethnic French residents of the town were sympathetic to
1190-471: Was constructed on the campus and opened in 2009. In his various portrayals, Superman resides in a fictional American city named Metropolis , and on June 9, 1972, the Illinois State Legislature passed Resolution 572, declaring Metropolis the "Hometown of Superman". The city has a 15-foot-tall (4.6 m) painted bronze statue of Superman which sits in front of the county courthouse, and
1225-543: Was named an honorary member of the Zeta Phi Beta sorority and was awarded an honorary degree from Howard University . On May 10, 1957, Annie Turnbo suffered a stroke and died at Chicago's Provident Hospital . Childless, she had bequeathed her business and remaining fortune to her nieces and nephews. At the time of her death, her estate was valued at $ 100,000. St. Louis has an annual Annie Malone parade in support of children's charities. A fictionalized version of Malone
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