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27-644: Porcia may refer to: Porcia gens , ancient Roman family Porcia (wife of Brutus) Porcia (sister of Cato the Younger) Valerian and Porcian laws , Roman laws Porcia, Friuli Venezia Giulia , a municipality in Italy Schloss Porcia , a castle in Spittal an der Drau, Austria See also [ edit ] Porcius (disambiguation) Portia (disambiguation) Porsche Topics referred to by

54-676: A privileged ally of Carthage. Soon, commercial rivalry created problems between Carthage and Utica. This relationship between Carthage and Utica began to disintegrate after the First Punic War , with the outbreak of rebellion among mercenaries who had not received compensation for their service to Carthage. Originally, Utica refused to participate in this rebellion, so that the Libu forces led by Spendius and Matho laid siege to Utica and nearby Hippocritae . The Carthaginian generals Hanno and Hamilcar then came to Utica's defense, managing to raise

81-618: A villa with mosaics". Roman Utica was a Christian city with an important diocese in Africa Proconsularis . Indeed, there are more than a dozen bishops documented in Utica. The first, Aurelius, intervened at the council held at Carthage in 256 AD by St. Cyprian to discuss the question of the "lapsi". Maurus, the second bishop, was accused of apostasy during the Diocletianic Persecution of 303. The third, Victorius, took part in

108-480: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Porcia gens The nomen Porcius was derived from porcus , a pig. It belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from the names of common animals and objects, such as Asinius , Ovinius , Caprarius , and Taurus . The Porcii were reputed to have come from the ancient city of Tusculum in Latium . This tradition

135-569: The Quirina tribe. The city was chosen by the Romans as the place where the governor of their new Africa Province was resident, but the silting of the port (because of the Medjerda River ) damaged the importance of Utica. During the reign of Augustus , however, the seat of provincial government was moved to a since rebuilt Carthage, although Utica did not lose its status as one of the foremost cities in

162-584: The Roman Civil War between the supporters of Pompey and Caesar , the Battle of Utica (49 BC) was fought between Julius Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio and Pompeian legionaries commanded by Publius Attius Varus supported by Numidian cavalry and foot soldiers. Curio defeated the Pompeians and Numidians and drove Varus back into the town of Utica, but then withdrew. Later at the Battle of Thapsus in 46 BC

189-520: The Straits of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean , facilitating trade in commodities like tin . The exact founding date of Utica is a matter of controversy. Several classical authors date its foundation to around 1100   BC. The archaeological evidence, however, suggests a foundation no earlier than the eighth century   BC. The inland settlement used Rusucmona ("Cape Eshmun ") on Cape Farina to

216-665: The Council of Arles in 314 AD along with Cecilianus of Carthage; he is mentioned in the Roman Martyrology on 23 August. Then the fourth, Quietus, assisted at the Council of Carthage (349) proclaimed by Gratus. At the Conference of Carthage (411) which saw gathered together the bishops of Nicene Christianity and of heretical Donatism Victorius II took part for the Church and Gedudus for

243-658: The Donatists. The historian Morcelli added the bishop Gallonianus , present at the Council of Carthage (419) , who, according to J. Mesnage, instead belonged to the Diocese of Utina. Then the Bishop Florentius , who intervened at the Synod of Carthage (484) , was met by the Vandal king Huneric , after which he was exiled. Faustinianus participated at the Council of Carthage (525) . He

270-431: The breakout of war in 150 BC. After its victory, Rome rewarded Utica by granting it an expanse of territory stretching from Carthage to Hippo . As a result of the war, Rome created a new province of Africa , and Utica became its capital, which meant that the governor's residence was there along with a small garrison. Over the following decades Utica also attracted Roman citizens who settled there to do business. During

297-542: The coast where it once lay, but further inland because of deforestation and agriculture upriver as the Medjerda River silted over its original mouth. Utica ( Classical Latin : [ˈʊ.t̪ɪ.ka] ) is an unusual latinization of the Punic name ʿtq ( 𐤏𐤕𐤒‬ ) or ʿtg ( 𐤏𐤕𐤂‬ ). These derived from Phoenician ˁAtiq ( ʿtq ), cognate with Arabic ˁatiqah ( عَتِيقَة ) and Hebrew ˁatiq ( עתיק , seen in

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324-505: The early Renaissance Utica was again a diocese, when the Spanish Empire conquered the region for some decades and Pedro del Campo was named bishop of the recreated Diocese of Utica in 1516 AD. The site of the ruins of Utica is set on a low hill, composed of several Roman villas. Their walls still preserve decorative floor mosaics . To the northwest of these villas is a Punic necropolis, with Punic sarcophagi 20 feet (6.1 metres) below

351-534: The end of ancient times....Utica had been endowed from the first century B.C. with the Roman buildings essential to comfortable urban life: forum, temples, baths, amphitheater, circus, in addition to dwellings. Most of these structures were placed in the grid of an orthogonal plan which covered a large part of the city. -Marian Holland The city and all the area east of the Fossatum Africae was nearly fully romanised by

378-450: The northeast as its chief port, although continued silting has rendered the present-day settlement at Ghar el-Melh a small farming community. Although Carthage was later founded about 40 km from Utica, records suggest "that until 540   BC Utica was still maintaining political and economic autonomy in relation to its powerful Carthaginian neighbor". By the fourth century BC, Utica came under Punic control, but continued to exist as

405-534: The province. When Hadrian was emperor, Utica requested to become a full Roman colony, but this request was not granted until Septimius Severus , a native of the Province of Africa, took the throne. Already eclipsed by the preeminence of Carthage, Utica was faced with the progressive silting up of its port and consequent isolation in the midst of marshy lands. By converting its activity to further cultivation of its agricultural territory, it prolonged its life right up to

432-558: The remaining Pompeians, including Cato the Younger , fled to Utica after being defeated. Caesar pursued them to Utica, meeting no resistance from the inhabitants. Cato, who was the leader of the Pompeians, ensured the escape of his fellow senators and anyone else who desired to leave, then committed suicide , unwilling to accept the clemency of Caesar. Displaying their fondness for Cato, "the people of Utica...called Cato their saviour and benefactor... And this they continued to do even when word

459-409: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Porcia . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porcia&oldid=1183846665 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

486-567: The siege, but "the severest blow of all… was the defection of Hippacritae and Utica, the only two cities in Libya which had…bravely faced the present war…indeed they never had on any occasion given the least sign of hostility to Carthage." Eventually, the forces of Carthage proved victorious, forcing Utica and Hippacritae to surrender after a short siege. Utica again defied Carthage in the Third Punic War , when it surrendered to Rome shortly before

513-537: The time of Septimius Severus . According to historian Theodore Mommsen , all the inhabitants of Utica spoke Latin and practised Christianity in the fourth and early fifth century. The Peutinger Map from around this time shows the town. In 439 AD, the Vandals captured Utica. In 534 AD, the Byzantines captured it once more. "Excavations at the site have yielded two Punic cemeteries and Roman ruins, including baths and

540-712: The time of the Republic , there were three main branches of the Porcii, bearing the surnames Laeca , Licinus , and Cato , of which the most illustrious was Cato . Other cognomina are found under the Empire. The surname Cato is said to have been bestowed upon Cato the Elder in consequence of his shrewdness; before this, Plutarch says that he bore the cognomen Priscus , "the elder". However, it may be that like Major , Priscus simply distinguished him from his descendant, Cato Uticensis, and

567-517: The title of God, " Ancient of Days "). These all mean "Old" and contrast the settlement with the later colony Carthage , whose own name literally meant "New Town". The latinization is a little unusual in that the Latin U more often transcribed the letter W (i.e., waw ) in Punic names. The Greeks called it Ityke ( Ἰτύκη ). Utica was founded as a port located on the trade route leading from Phoenicia to

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594-448: Was a grown man when his half-brother was born, and died when Salonianus was a small child. Although each brother left children, these surnames did not descend to them. Cato the Younger, a grandson of Saloninus, obtained the surname Uticensis from the city of Utica , where he met his death, but Plutarch refers to him as Cato Minor , to distinguish him from his ancestor. Utica, Tunisia Utica ( / ˌ j uː t ɪ k ə / )

621-467: Was alluded to in a speech given by the emperor Claudius . The chief praenomina of the Porcii were Marcus and Lucius , two of the most common names throughout Roman history. The Porcii Catones favoured Marcus , almost to the exclusion of other praenomina, but occasionally used Lucius and Gaius , another extremely common name, while the Porcii Laecae favoured Publius and Marcus . In

648-871: Was an ancient Phoenician and Carthaginian city located near the outflow of the Medjerda River into the Mediterranean, between Carthage in the south and Hippo Diarrhytus (present-day Bizerte ) in the north. It is traditionally considered to be the first colony to have been founded by the Phoenicians in North Africa. After Carthage's loss to Rome in the Punic Wars , Utica was an important Roman colony for seven centuries. Utica no longer exists, and its remains are located in Bizerte Governorate in Tunisia – not on

675-456: Was brought that Caesar was approaching. They decked his body in splendid fashion, gave it an illustrious escort, and buried it near the sea, where a statue of him now stands, sword in hand". After his death, Cato was given the name of Uticensis, due to the place of his death as well as to his public glorification and burial by the citizens of Utica. Utica obtained the formal status of a municipium in 36 BC and its inhabitants became members of

702-444: Was erroneously supposed to have dated to the elder Cato's lifetime. The same man also bore the epithets of Sapiens , the wise, Orator , and most famously, Censorius , from his tenure as censor . The sons of Cato the Elder each bore the praenomen Marcus , but are distinguished as Cato Licinianus and Cato Salonianus , after their mothers, Licinia and Salonia. Licinianus was probably not used during its bearer's lifetime, as he

729-533: Was followed by the bishop Giunilius , an ecclesiastical writer, who dedicated his works to Primasius of Hadrumetum . In the seventh century was the bishop Flavianus, who assisted at the Council of Carthage (646) against Monothelitism ; and Potentinus , who was exiled in Spain and intervened at the Council of Toledo (684) . With the Arab conquest, Utica was destroyed and disappeared even as an independent diocese. Only during

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