Misplaced Pages

#967032

33-555: The Pontifical Athenaeum is directed by the Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ . The Athenaeum was canonically established by the Congregation for Catholic Education on 15 September 1993. On 11 July 1998, Pope John Paul II gave permission for the institution to style itself as a Pontifical University . The Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum educates priests and seminarians , religious , and lay people from all over

66-502: A Christian understanding of women in an educational, intellectual, human and social order with the aim of increasing the presence and influence of women in society. The mission of the Sacerdos Institute is to promote a spirituality of communion among the clergy . It is mainly orientated towards supporting priests through the exchange of practical experiences and proposals for pastoral moments of fraternity and communion. A chair

99-456: A blurring of the previously clear distinction between "orders" and "congregations", since institutes that were founded as "congregations" began to have some members who had all three solemn vows or had members that took a solemn vow of poverty and simple vows of chastity and obedience. The 1983 Code of Canon Law maintains the distinction between solemn and simple vows, but no longer makes any distinction between their juridical effects, including

132-464: A new way of living their religious life. Only at the very end of the 19th century were they officially reckoned as religious , when Pope Leo XIII recognized as religious all men and women who took simple vows in such congregations. The 1917 Code of Canon Law reserved the name "religious order " for institutes in which the vows were solemn, and used the term "religious congregation " or simply "congregation" for those with simple vows. The members of

165-401: A particular case, casuists start with the particular case itself and then ask what morally significant features (including both theory and practical considerations) ought to be considered for that particular case. In their observations of medical ethics committees, Jonsen and Toulmin note that a consensus on particularly problematic moral cases often emerges when participants focus on the facts of

198-415: A religious order for men were called "regulars", those belonging to a religious congregation were simply "religious", a term that applied also to regulars. For women, those with simple vows were simply "sisters", with the term " nun " reserved in canon law for those who belonged to an institute of solemn vows, even if in some localities they were allowed to take simple vows instead. However, it abolished

231-485: Is case-based reasoning , also known as casuistry . Casuistry does not begin with theory, rather it starts with the immediate facts of a real and concrete case. While casuistry makes use of ethical theory, it does not view ethical theory as the most important feature of moral reasoning. Casuists, like Albert Jonsen and Stephen Toulmin ( The Abuse of Casuistry , 1988), challenge the traditional paradigm of applied ethics. Instead of starting from theory and applying theory to

264-446: Is concerned with ecological issues such as the responsibility of government and corporations to clean up pollution. Business ethics includes the duties of whistleblowers to the public and to their employers. Applied ethics has expanded the study of ethics beyond the realms of academic philosophical discourse. The field of applied ethics, as it appears today, emerged from debate surrounding rapid medical and technological advances in

297-460: Is the practical aspect of moral considerations. It is ethics with respect to real-world actions and their moral considerations in private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadership. For example, bioethics is concerned with identifying the best approach to moral issues in the life sciences, such as euthanasia , the allocation of scarce health resources, or the use of human embryos in research. Environmental ethics

330-609: The Bethlehem Brothers in 1673. By the constitution Inter cetera of 20 January 1521, Pope Leo X appointed a rule for tertiaries with simple vows. Under this rule, enclosure was optional, enabling non-enclosed followers of the rule to engage in various works of charity not allowed to enclosed religious. In 1566 and 1568, Pope Pius V rejected this class of institute, but they continued to exist and even increased in number. After at first being merely tolerated, they afterwards obtained approval. Their lives were oriented not to

363-525: The Holy Spirit . Students are required to acquire a good understanding of Catholic doctrine, to be able to explain it with clarity as well as converse with other Christians and non-Christian contemporaries. The academic activities of the Faculty of Philosophy are oriented towards finding solutions to pressing problems of humanity. It seeks to demonstrate the consistency of the demands of philosophical reason to

SECTION 10

#1732859587968

396-589: The United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights . Through holistic education, research and information, the chair seeks to contribute to the recognition and promotion of a comprehensive and integral vision of bioethics, bringing to light universal values and principles and their legal implications in relation to human rights. The Fidelis Institute of Economic Ethics is a centre of research in applied ethics that aspires to promote an integrated vision of economic action that respects both

429-462: The Christian vision and offer a rational instrument suited to theological speculation, to dialogue with today's pluralistic world. The mission of the Faculty is threefold: As the first of its kind, the Faculty of Bioethics offers a complete college cycle with its three degrees: bachelor, licentiate, doctorate. The purpose of the Faculty is to train professionals to be capable of competently engaging in

462-538: The Holy See has erected or approved by formal decree. For the men, it gives what it calls the "Historical-Juridical List of Precedence". This list maintains to a large extent the distinction between orders and congregations, detailing 96 clerical religious congregations and 34 lay religious congregations. However, it does not distinguish between orders and congregations of Eastern Catholic Churches or female religious institutes. Applied ethics Applied ethics

495-404: The Holy See". After publication of the 1917 Code, many institutes with simple vows appealed to the Holy See for permission to make solemn vows. The Apostolic Constitution Sponsa Christi of 21 November 1950 made access to that permission easier for nuns (in the strict sense), though not for religious institutes dedicated to apostolic activity. Many of these institutes of women then petitioned for

528-512: The ancient monastic way of life, but more to social service and to evangelization , both in Europe and in mission areas. Their number increased further in the upheavals brought by the French Revolution and subsequent Napoleonic invasions of other Catholic countries, depriving thousands of monks and nuns of the income that their communities held because of inheritances and forcing them to find

561-421: The basis of a book on the same topic by Reverend Gary Thomas. The Institute Fides et Ratio (Institute for Faith and Science), which is based on the guidelines proposed by the encyclical Fides et Ratio of John Paul II , is committed to the research and teaching of the themes concerning the relationship between science and faith, to provide answers to new and urgent ethical and anthropological questions that

594-402: The case, rather than on ideology or theory . Thus, a Rabbi, a Catholic priest, and an agnostic might agree that, in this particular case, the best approach is to withhold extraordinary medical care, while disagreeing on the reasons that support their individual positions. By focusing on cases and not on theory, those engaged in moral debate increase the possibility of agreement. Applied ethics

627-465: The continuous development of science and technology has raised, trying to propose, through its teaching and research, meeting points for dialogue and common search for truth. The Institute organises research seminars, training courses, conferences, symposia and meetings on the relationship between science and faith. The Institute for Advanced Studies on Women, founded in 2003, is the first Italian centre for systematic studies on women; it seeks to promote

660-617: The dignity of the person and the common good. It is part of an international network of research centres, the Fidelis International Institute for Business Ethics . The Athenaeum operates 3 academic journals: On 19 May 2008, the university hosted a conference, organised by the Embassy of the United States to the Holy See , to assess the value of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights . On 27 October 2008,

693-449: The distinction according to which solemn vows, unlike simple vows, were indissoluble. It recognized no totally indispensable religious vows and thereby abrogated spiritually, though not altogether juridically, Latin-Rite religious orders. Solemn vows were originally considered indissoluble. Not even the Pope could dispense from them. If for a just cause a solemnly professed religious was expelled,

SECTION 20

#1732859587968

726-506: The distinction between orders and congregations. It uses the single term religious institute to designate all such institutes of consecrated life alike. The word congregation ( Latin : congregation ) is instead used to refer to congregations of the Roman Curia or monastic congregations. The Annuario Pontificio lists for both men and women the institutes of consecrated life and the like that are of pontifical right, namely those that

759-472: The early 1970s and is now established as a subdiscipline of moral philosophy. However, applied ethics is, by its very nature, a multi-professional subject because it requires specialist understanding of the potential ethical issues in fields like medicine, business or information technology. Nowadays, ethical codes of conduct exist in almost every profession. An applied ethics approach to the examination of moral dilemmas can take many different forms but one of

792-475: The ethical issues that continually arise in the field of biological and biomedical sciences, with respect for human dignity and the protection of life of every individual, from conception to natural death. The Faculty also offers a Master in Bioethics, as well as highly specialised international courses in the summer. The Athenaeum runs a number of programmes. Among the programmes, a course on exorcism served for

825-525: The faithful Pars dynamica (trial procedure) Canonization Election of the Roman Pontiff Academic degrees Journals and Professional Societies Faculties of canon law Canonists Institute of consecrated life Society of apostolic life A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church . They are legally distinguished from religious orders –

858-530: The most influential and most widely utilised approaches in bioethics and health care ethics is the four-principle approach developed by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress . The four-principle approach, commonly termed principlism , entails consideration and application of four prima facie ethical principles: autonomy , non-maleficence , beneficence , and justice . Applied ethics is distinguished from normative ethics , which concerns standards for right and wrong behavior, and from meta-ethics , which concerns

891-427: The nature of ethical properties, statements, attitudes, and judgments. Whilst these three areas of ethics appear to be distinct, they are also interrelated. The use of an applied ethics approach often draws upon these normative ethical theories: Normative ethical theories can clash when trying to resolve real-world ethical dilemmas. One approach attempting to overcome the divide between consequentialism and deontology

924-454: The other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows , whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows . Until the 16th century, the vows taken in any of the religious orders approved by the Apostolic See were classified as solemn. This was declared by Pope Boniface VIII (1235–1303). According to this criterion, the last religious order founded was that of

957-542: The solemn vow of poverty alone. Towards the end of the Second Vatican Council, superiors general of clerical institutes and abbots president of monastic congregations were authorized to permit, for a just cause, their subjects of simple vows who made a reasonable request to renounce their property except for what would be required for their sustenance if they were to depart, thus assimilating their position to that of religious with solemn vows. These changes resulted in

990-519: The university dedicated a new Library to Pope Pius XII . Religious congregation Jus novum ( c.  1140 -1563) Jus novissimum ( c.  1563 -1918) Jus codicis (1918-present) Other Sacraments Sacramentals Sacred places Sacred times Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures Particular churches Juridic persons Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law Clerics Office Juridic and physical persons Associations of

1023-408: The vow of chastity remained unchanged and so rendered invalid any attempt at marriage, the vow of obedience obliged in relation, generally, to the bishop rather than to the religious superior, and the vow of poverty was modified to meet the new situation, but the expelled religious "could not, for example, will any goods to another; and goods which came to him reverted at his death to his institute or to

Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-618: The world. The training of competent and responsible students, an integral part of its mission, is the opportunity that the Athenaeum offers to the dioceses and countries of students. The Faculty of Theology aims to deepen the student's appreciation of the mystery of God and His plan of salvation in Jesus Christ , revealed in Sacred Scripture and transmitted by the Church under the guidance of

1089-456: Was created, in 2009, in partnership with the UNESCO , to encourage a broad exchange of ideas and sharing of different experiences through dialogue between the institutions of higher education in different countries, especially developing countries. The UNESCO Chair provides a space for reflection, study and information on the principles of bioethics in science, medicine and new technologies, in light of

#967032