The Aniene ( pronounced [aˈnjɛːne] ; Latin : Aniō ), formerly known as the Teverone , is a 99-kilometer (62 mi) river in Lazio , Italy . It originates in the Apennines at Trevi nel Lazio and flows westward past Subiaco , Vicovaro , and Tivoli to join the Tiber in northern Rome . It formed the principal valley east of ancient Rome and became an important water source as the city's population expanded. The falls at Tivoli were noted for their beauty. Historic bridges across the river include the Ponte Nomentano , Ponte Mammolo, Ponte Salario , and Ponte di San Francesco , all of which were originally fortified with towers.
24-617: The Lucano bridge (in Italian: ponte Lucano ) is a Roman stone bridge over the Aniene river in the Province of Rome , Italy, on the via Tiburtina . Coming from the direction of Rome, the bridge is found after Tivoli Terme and before Hadrian's Villa . This bridge was part of the project for the most endangered monuments of the World Monuments Fund for the year 2010. The bridge which dates to
48-525: A Cicero , De Oratore (September 1465), Lactantius ' De divinis institutionibus (October 1465) and Augustine 's De civitate Dei (1467), which were the first books to be printed in Italy . Pope Callixtus III , in 1455, gave the abbey in commendam to a cardinal. The first of these was the Spanish Cardinal Juan de Torquemada and the second Roderigo Borgia (later Alexander VI ), who remodeled
72-550: A cave above the River Aniene, he was supplied with the necessaries of life by a monk , St. Roman . From this grotto, St. Benedict developed the concepts and organization of the Benedictine Order . He built twelve monasteries, including one at the grotto, and placed twelve monks in each. In 854 a record noted its renovation. In this year, Pope Leo IV is said to have consecrated an altar to Sts. Benedict and Scholastica , who
96-604: A complaint from the community, in 1510 Julius II readjusted matters and restored the monastic possessions. For spiritual benefit, a union was made between Subiaco and the Farfa Abbey , but it lasted only a short time. In 1514, Subiaco joined the Congregation of Santa Justina, whose abbot-general was titular of St. Scholastica, while a cardinal remained commendatory abbot. Even after this union there were quarrels between Subiaco and Farfa, Subiaco and Monte Cassino , essentially between
120-406: A special abbot for the monks. A new road was built by the city in 1688. The sacred grotto is still a favourite place of pilgrimage. On October 27, 1909, Pius X granted a daily plenary indulgence to those who received Holy Communion there and pray according to the intention of the pope (Acta. Ap. Sedis, II, 405). The Abbey of St. Scolastica , located about a mile and a half below the grotto,
144-721: Is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital , in the Italian region of Latium , 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Tivoli alongside the River Aniene . It is a tourist and religious resort because of its sacred grotto ( Sacro Speco ), in the medieval St. Benedict's Abbey [ it ] , and its Abbey of Santa Scolastica . It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). The first books to be printed in Italy were produced here in
168-449: Is in dire need of repairs. In 2004, during flooding of the Aniene, due in part to the blockage caused by illegal industrial dumping, the decision was taken to restore these monuments and to integrate them progressively into a more welcoming setting. 41°57′18″N 12°45′42″E / 41.9549°N 12.7618°E / 41.9549; 12.7618 Aniene The river was known to
192-631: The Sabines seized by Romulus but that his wife Hersilia convinced him to make its people Roman citizens after their defeat and annexation around 752 BC. In antiquity , three principal aqueducts of Rome —the Aqua Anio Vetus , Aqua Anio Novus and Aqua Claudia —had their sources in the Aniene valley. Together with the Aqua Marcia , they were regarded as the "four great aqueducts of Rome". The Aqua Anio Vetus ( Latin for "Old Anio aqueduct")
216-618: The Saracens and then in 981 by the Hungarians, it was rebuilt each time. Benedict VII consecrated the new church, and from then on the abbey was dedicated to Santa Scholastica. In 1052, Leo IX came to Subiaco to settle various disputes and to correct abuses; a similar visit was made by Gregory VII. Special favour was shown by Paschal II , who took the abbey from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Tivoli and made it an abbacy nullius. Its temporal welfare
240-468: The Castrum Sublacence, once the summer resort of the popes, and made it the residence of the commendatory abbot. Many of these abbots cared little for the religious life of the monks and looked only for revenue. One example, Pompeo Colonna , Bishop of Rieti , commendatory abbot since 1506, squandered the goods of the abbey and gave the income to people described as unworthy subjects. On receiving
264-500: The Germans and the Italians. After this little is known from historical records about the abbey and the city until the 19th century. In 1798–1799 and 1810–1814 French troops under Napoleon entered the city, plundering the monasteries and the churches. In 1849 and 1867 Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered the city as part of his campaign to end the temporal rule of the pope and unify Italy: in 1870
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#1732854868912288-555: The Romans as Aniō ; this is of unknown etymology , but Francisco Villar Liebana has suggested a root * an - that is found in many river names, such as the Ana ( Guadiana ) and Anisus ( Enns ). Plutarch derived the name from a mythical Etruscan king Anius who drowned in the river. The confluence of the Aniene and Tiber was controlled by Antemnae , a Latin settlement on a hill just to its south. Rome's foundation myths numbered them among
312-571: The city became definitively part of the Kingdom of Italy . In 1891, a Benedictine abbey founded earlier in western Arkansas , United States , changed its name to Subiaco as part of an effort to more closely align its teachings and practices to those of the famous abbeys of the Italian namesake. In the first years of the 20th century, the Subiaco area was improved by national investment in infrastructure, with
336-475: The first century BC crosses the Aniene in the vicinity of Tibur (Tivoli) and consists of seven stone arches which carried traffic on the via Tiburtina up to the 20th century. In modern times the road was rerouted a little further north over a new bridge. The archeological site also includes the mausoleum of the Plautii , a great round tower on the south bank of the river, that dates to the first century BC , and
360-401: The flow of the water. This included canalisation of the river upstream from Tivoli, excavation of a tunnel through Monte Catillo, and a diversion of the river around Tivoli. This Lazio location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Subiaco, Italy Subiaco
384-460: The lake". The name was applied to the town that developed nearby. The biggest of the three Subiaco Dams was then the highest dam in the world until its destruction in 1305. After the fall of the Roman Empire , the villa and the town were abandoned, becoming almost forgotten ruins. When St. Benedict , at the age of fourteen ( c. 494 ), retired from the world and lived for three years in
408-553: The late 15th century. Among the first ancient settlers in the area were the Aequi , an Italic people. In 304 BC they were conquered by the Romans , who introduced their civilization and took advantage of the waters of the River Aniene . The present name of the city comes from the artificial lakes of the luxurious villa that Roman Emperor Nero had built: in Latin Sublaqueum means "under
432-654: The ruins of an inn dating from the 15th century. The Plautii were an illustrious Roman family who counted amongst its members Gaius Plautius Proculus , Gaius Plautius Venox and Marcus Plautius Silvanus . One of the inscriptions found on the tower include the following text that indicates that Marcus Plautius Lucanus and Tiberius Claudius Nero built the bridge at the fourteenth mile of the Via Tiburtina : M PLAVTIVS | M F ANIEN | LVCANVS | TI. CLAVDIVS | TI. F PAL. | NERO. AED. CVR | PR. CENS. TTVIR. V | M. XIV The ensemble of monuments has survived centuries relatively intact, but
456-492: Was St Benedict's sister, and another to St. Sylvester . Another renovation took place in 1053 under Abbot Humbert of the Abbey of St. Scholastica. Abbot John V, created cardinal by Pope Gregory VII , made the grotto the terminus of a yearly procession, built a new road, and had the altars reconsecrated. By 1200 there was a community of twelve monks, on which Innocent III conferred the title of priory; John XXII in 1312 appointed
480-546: Was a center of German thrift, science, and art. Urban VI (1378–1389) abolished the position of abbot for life, withdrew from the monks the right of election, and made the administration and revenues the responsibility of a member of the Curia. The arrival of German monks at Subiaco attracted other Germans. Printers Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim established the Subiaco Press here in 1464 and produced an edition of Donatus ,
504-462: Was also a personal care of the popes. Among others, Innocent III at his visit in 1203 increased the revenues of the abbey. With the decline of religious fervor, strife and dissension among the monks arose to such an extent that Abbot Bartholomew in 1364, by command of the pope, had to dismiss some of the disputatious monks and fill their places with religious from other monasteries. Numerous monks were brought in from Germany, and for many decades Subiaco
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#1732854868912528-572: Was built originally by St Benedict about 520, and endowed by the Roman patricians, Tertullus and Æquitius. The second abbot, St. Honoratus, changed the old monastery into a chapter house and built a new one, dedicating it to Sts. Cosmas and Damian . It was destroyed by the Lombards in 601 and the ruins abandoned for a century. By order of John VII , it was rebuilt by Abbot Stephen and consecrated to Saints Benedict and Scholastica. Demolished once more in 840 by
552-509: Was constructed around 270 BC. The Aqua Anio Novus ("New Anio aqueduct") was begun under Caligula around AD 38 and completed under Claudius in 48. A third aqueduct, the Aqua Marcia, was constructed by Q. Marcius Rex between 144 and 140 BC using the proceeds from the destructions of Corinth and Carthage in 146 BC. The emperor Nero created three lakes on the river for his villa at Subiaco . The largest of these dams
576-509: Was the highest dam in classical antiquity and remained in use until its destruction by a flood in 1305. Trajan eventually connected the Anio Novus to one of these lakes. A series of floods during the early nineteenth century, especially the most serious one in 1826, prompted Popes Leo XII and Gregory XVI , as sovereigns of the Papal States , to undertake construction works to control
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