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123-551: That '70s Show is an American television teen sitcom that aired on Fox from August 23, 1998, to May 18, 2006. The series focuses on the lives of a group of six teenage friends living in the fictional town of Point Place, Wisconsin from 1976 to 1979. The ensemble cast features Topher Grace , Mila Kunis , Ashton Kutcher , Danny Masterson , Laura Prepon , Wilmer Valderrama , Lisa Robin Kelly , Debra Jo Rupp , Kurtwood Smith , Don Stark , Tommy Chong , and Tanya Roberts . In 1999,

246-649: A Schedule I drug , i.e., having the relatively highest abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Most marijuana at that time came from Mexico, but in 1975 the Mexican government agreed to eradicate the crop by spraying it with the herbicide paraquat, raising fears of toxic side effects. Colombia then became the main supplier. The "zero tolerance" climate of the Reagan and Bush administrations (1981–1993) resulted in passage of strict laws and mandatory sentences for possession of marijuana . The " War on Drugs " thus brought with it

369-518: A blended family and regularly focused on the exploits of the six younger characters), Boy Meets World (similar in format to The Wonder Years , which ended before Boy Meets World debuted in 1993, both of which focused on a boy dealing with the challenges that come with growing into adolescence) and Family Matters (which originated as a family sitcom spun off from the family-friendly though adult-centered Perfect Strangers , but soon shifted more of its focus towards its teenage characters due to

492-427: A "high concept" plot, such as Jessie (focusing on a woman from Texas who becomes a nanny to four upper-class New York City children), Shake It Up (about two teenage girls who are dancers on a local music show), A.N.T. Farm (about middle school students transferred into a gifted high school education program), Austin & Ally (about a teen pop singer's relationship with a teenage songwriter) and Dog with

615-482: A Blog (about a family whose pet dog is able to talk). However, shows with a more basic plotline are also featured such as Good Luck Charlie (focusing on the Duncan Family adjusting to the recent arrival of a new baby), Liv and Maddie (focusing on teenage twin sisters, one of whom is a former sitcom star, adjusting to life together in the same high school), I Didn't Do It (which outlines an incident involving

738-459: A Heartbeat (a drama focusing on the lives of several teenagers who volunteer as part-time EMTs while going to school and trying to maintain their lives as normal teenagers) and Even Stevens , (a comedy about a misfit in a family of high achievers). Disney Channel's first truly successful sitcom was Lizzie McGuire , which centered on a junior high school girl dealing with the onset of puberty , trying to become popular and other teen issues. It

861-424: A characteristic euphoria at moderate doses. High dosages taken to induce recreational drug effects may lead to overdoses. Antihistamines are also consumed in combination with alcohol, particularly by youth who find it hard to obtain alcohol. The combination of the two drugs can cause intoxication with lower alcohol doses. Hallucinations and possibly delirium resembling the effects of Datura stramonium can result if

984-470: A clothing store with their respective adopted parents after being separated after they were born 15 years earlier, resulting in Tia Landry ( Tia Mowry ) and her mother Lisa ( Jackée Harry ) moving in the house belonging to Tamera Campbell ( Tamera Mowry ) and her father Ray ( Tim Reid )) and Unhappily Ever After (originally centering on the divorcing parents of three children, but shifted its primary focus on

1107-603: A co-evolutionary relationship with psychotropic plant substances that is millions of years old." The severity of impact and type of risks that come with recreational drug use vary widely with the drug in question and the amount being used. There are many factors in the environment and within the user that interact with each drug differently. Alcohol is sometimes considered one of the most dangerous recreational drugs. Alcoholic drinks , tobacco products and other nicotine -based products (e.g., electronic cigarettes ), and cannabis are regarded by various medical professionals as

1230-650: A complete series set on May 14, 2013. On March 6, 2012, Mill Creek released the first season on Blu-ray and season two on October 16, 2012. On November 3, 2015, Mill Creek Entertainment released That '70s Show The Complete Series on Blu-ray 1080p, featuring all 200 episodes from the series, presented digitally remastered in High Definition from the original film negatives for optimum sound and video quality and for superior home entertainment Blu-ray presentation with remastered 5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio surround sound and 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio. Several prominent songs from

1353-674: A complicated situation (such as the protagonist's parents not allowing them to try out for a school sports team because of their gender) that the characters must solve by episode's end, getting into moral conflicts with their parents, friends, relatives, or siblings, and coming-of-age situations (such as a first date or learning how to drive); however, more dramatic and shocking plot elements or ones which center on undesirable (such as bullying, anxiety, peer pressure, police brutality , excessive force, underage alcoholism, and possibly even substance abuse) may be featured as well, in what are sometimes called "very special episodes". Although adolescents are

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1476-585: A decade of popularity ending its long run in 2005. All That was also a vital starting point of Dan Schneider 's relationship with Nickelodeon and started the careers of several successful teen actors associated with the network's brand. In 1996, Nickelodeon debuted Kenan & Kel (the first spin-off of All That which became a hit sitcom for the network), in 1998, Cousin Skeeter , and in 1999, The Amanda Show (the second spin-off of All That which remains one of Nickelodeon's highest rated series and launched

1599-533: A dysfunctional sibling dynamic a la Malcolm in the Middle . Over time, the Big Three television networks (ABC, CBS and NBC ) began shifting away from family-oriented comedies toward comedy series focused on adults (although some family comedies have continued to return on those networks since then), teen sitcoms for the most part began to shift more towards broadcast networks intentionally aimed at younger audiences than

1722-507: A group or rich teenagers living in California; and the latter's spinoff The Hills , which centered on former Laguna Beach cast member Lauren Conrad and her internship at Teen Vogue . During the 1990s, MTV aired the controversial animated series Beavis and Butt-Head , which focused on the antics of two idiotic teenage slackers and their unsuccessful attempts at getting girls, though they often displayed gross, violent and crude behavior;

1845-662: A handful of former cast members would go on to have successful careers in music and film including: Britney Spears , Ryan Gosling , Justin Timberlake and JC Chasez (who both became members of the popular boy band *NSYNC ), Christina Aguilera and Keri Russell . During the 1990s and 2000s, Disney Channel would begin to air reruns of teen-themed comedies and dramas with foreign and Canadian imports such as Eerie, Indiana , The Baby-Sitters Club , Ready or Not , The Torkelsons , Growing Pains , Brotherly Love , Smart Guy , Ocean Girl , Dinosaurs , Honey, I Shrunk

1968-448: A large role in the exposure to and availability of certain types of drugs and patterns of use. According to addiction researcher Martin A. Plant, some people go through a period of self-redefinition before initiating recreational drug use. They tend to view using drugs as part of a general lifestyle that involves belonging to a subculture that they associate with heightened status and the challenging of social norms. Plant states: "From

2091-406: A lifestyle and pop culture channel that airs a limited amount of music videos, mostly during the late night and early morning hours, instead focusing on reality shows , soap operas , sports , documentaries and music-related programs. MTV aired series targeted towards teenagers such as TRL , a daily music countdown show; Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County , a reality show focused around

2214-694: A long worldwide history of use within medicinal and religious traditions. They are used in shamanic forms of ritual healing and divination , in initiation rites , and in the religious rituals of syncretistic movements such as União do Vegetal , Santo Daime , Temple of the True Inner Light , and the Native American Church . When used in religious practice, psychedelic drugs, as well as other substances like tobacco , are referred to as entheogens . Hallucinogen-induced psychosis occurs when psychosis persists despite no longer being intoxicated with

2337-473: A long-held belief that a children's series that centered on a female character would not be popular with boys, in fact, Clarissa was widely popular among children of both genders (Hart would later star in the hit sitcom Sabrina, the Teenage Witch which further would catapult her further into teen stardom). In the same year as Clarissa , Nickelodeon also premiered Salute Your Shorts , a sitcom following

2460-477: A magical jersey that places its teenage protagonists into the bodies of famous athletes), The Famous Jett Jackson (a dramedy about the star of an action television action series trying to balance life as a normal teenager), Bug Juice (a reality show about the adventures of teenagers at summer camp), So Weird (a dramatic sci-fi series focusing around a teenage girl who attracts the paranormal/occult and often has to battle potential threats to humanity), In

2583-625: A new character). Saved by the Bell spawned a short-lived spin-off Saved by the Bell: The College Years , which aired in primetime and only lasted one season; another spin-off, Saved by the Bell: The New Class , lasted for seven years (although it was notable for reusing plotlines originating in episodes of the original Saved by the Bell series). The series was responsible for the creation of NBC's TNBC Saturday morning block, which

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2706-616: A number of different pharmacological mechanisms, the most prominent of which include potentiation of GABA or opioid activity, and inhibition of adrenergic , histamine or acetylcholine activity. Some are also capable of inducing feelings of euphoria . The most widely used depressant by far is alcohol (i.e. ethanol ). Stimulants or "uppers", such as amphetamines or cocaine , which increase mental or physical function, have an opposite effect to depressants. Depressants, in particular alcohol, can precipitate psychosis . A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis by Murrie et al. found that

2829-437: A particular route of administration . Many drugs can be consumed in more than one way. For example, marijuana can be swallowed like food or smoked, and cocaine can be "sniffed" in the nostrils, injected, or, with various modifications, smoked. Many drugs are taken through various routes. Intravenous route is the most efficient, but also one of the most dangerous. Nasal, rectal, inhalation and smoking are safer. The oral route

2952-416: A psychoactive drug enters the user's body, it induces an intoxicating effect . Recreational drugs are commonly divided into three categories: depressants (drugs that induce a feeling of relaxation and calmness), stimulants (drugs that induce a sense of energy and alertness), and hallucinogens (drugs that induce perceptual distortions such as hallucination ). In popular practice, recreational drug use

3075-468: A relatively similar concept as What I Like About You ) convinces her mother to let her live with her father Flex Washington ( Flex Alexander ), a former basketball star who became a father to Breanna at age 18. Both The WB and UPN were shut down in September 2006, and were replaced by The CW (which carried series from both predecessor networks, including Everybody Hates Chris , which was loosely based on

3198-533: A sense of belonging to a group, family and attachment issues, history of trauma, failure at school or work, socioeconomic stressors, peer pressure, juvenile delinquency, availability, historical factors, or socio-cultural influences. There has been no consensus on a single cause. Instead, experts tend to apply the biopsychosocial model . Any number of factors may influence an individual's drug use, as they are not mutually exclusive . Regardless of genetics, mental health, or traumatic experiences, social factors play

3321-608: A shift from reliance on imported supplies to domestic cultivation, particularly in Hawaii and California . Beginning in 1982, the Drug Enforcement Administration turned increased attention to marijuana farms in the United States, and there was a shift to the indoor growing of plants specially developed for small size and high yield. After over a decade of decreasing use, marijuana smoking began an upward trend once more in

3444-415: A spin-off set on a cruise ship featuring the majority of the original series' main cast, The Suite Life on Deck ) and Wizards of Waverly Place (which surpassed That's So Raven as the longest-running Disney Channel series by number of episodes, ending its run with 106 episodes, and centered on three siblings vying to become the sole wizard of their family). The channel continues to produce comedies with

3567-414: A spinoff about one of the lead characters' former classmates, Daria , premiered in 1997 and focused around a cynical, sarcastic, intelligent yet monotone teenage girl and her stereotype-infested high school. In 2010, MTV premiered its first live action teen sitcom The Hard Times of RJ Berger , which became an instant hit although it would be canceled after two seasons. Awkward , which debuted in 2011,

3690-490: A strong cult following over the years), The Secret World of Alex Mack (a female driven series like Clarissa which was also a success, having a four-year run) and the short-lived My Brother and Me (which serves as a milestone as Nickelodeon's first black sitcom ). The year 1994 marked the premiere of highly successful sketch comedy series All That which highlighted a multiethnic cast similar to its predecessor Roundhouse but unlike its predecessor, All That enjoyed

3813-560: A teenage boy recruited as the new guitarist to a washed-up heavy metal band), Kickin' It (about a group of teenage students at a martial arts academy), Lab Rats (about three teen superheroes and a normal boy) and Pair of Kings (about two fraternal twin brothers who are connected to a royal family from a faraway kingdom). Recreational drug use Recreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness , either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime. When

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3936-400: A teenage demographic with its three male protagonists) and You Wish (which had more a family-oriented demographic). However, neither managed to find an audience and were cancelled after only a season. Another attempt at a teenage demographic came with the 1999 sitcom Odd Man Out which heavily promoted its teenage lead star Erik Von Detten (nicknamed "EVD") who was already popular with

4059-601: A whole. By 2013, Nickelodeon decided to rebrand from airing teen shows (along with Nicktoons) to targeting and airing shows for a younger demographic of ages 2-11, such as Henry Danger , The Thundermans , Bella and the Bulldogs , Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn , Talia in the Kitchen and Game Shakers . Its teen comedies, as well as animated and dramatic series, populated the long-running SNICK block that ran from 1992 to 2005. SNICK would start to be replaced by TEENick as

4182-512: Is a big part of Scarface: The World Is Yours ). In the Fallout video game franchise, drugs ("chems" in the game) can fill the role of any above mentioned. Drug trafficking , gang rivalries , and their related criminal underworld also play a big part in the Grand Theft Auto video game franchise. The following substances are commonly used recreationally: Drugs are often associated with

4305-533: Is defined as the degree to which a psychoactive drug has the potential to cause harm to the user and is measured in several ways, such as by addictiveness and the potential for physical harm. More objectively harmful drugs may be colloquially referred to as "hard drugs", and less harmful drugs as "soft drugs". The term "soft drug" is considered controversial by critics as it may imply the false belief that soft drugs cause lesser or insignificant harm. Responsible drug use advocates that users should not take drugs at

4428-518: Is estimated that about 5% of people worldwide aged 15 to 65 (158 million to 351 million) had used controlled drugs at least once. Common recreational drugs include caffeine , commonly found in coffee , tea , soft drinks , and chocolate ; alcohol , commonly found in beer , wine , cocktails , and distilled spirits ; nicotine , commonly found in tobacco , tobacco-based products , and electronic cigarettes ; cannabis and hashish (with legality of possession varying inter/intra-nationally); and

4551-582: Is generally tolerated as a social behaviour, rather than perceived as the medical condition of self-medication . However, drug use and drug addiction are severely stigmatized everywhere in the world. Many people also use prescribed and controlled depressants such as opioids , opiates , and benzodiazepines . What controlled substances are considered generally unlawful to possess varies by country, but usually includes cannabis , cocaine , opioids , MDMA , amphetamine , methamphetamine , psychedelics , benzodiazepines , and barbiturates . As of 2015, it

4674-446: Is one of the safest and most comfortable, but of little bioavailability . Depressants are psychoactive drugs that temporarily diminish the function or activity of a specific part of the body or mind. Colloquially, depressants are known as "downers", and users generally take them to feel more relaxed and less tense. Examples of these kinds of effects may include anxiolysis, sedation, and hypotension. Depressants are widely used throughout

4797-466: Is sleepwalking and Red says, "And I'm about to be sleep-kicking your ass", and, in " Prank Day ", when Red gets covered in oatmeal, Eric tries to explain that it was just a prank that had gone "horribly, horribly wrong" Red says, "Well, I have a prank, too. One where my foot doesn't plow through your ass. Let's hope it doesn't go horribly, horribly wrong!" In the eighth season, Hyde asks Red, "did you ever actually do that?" To which Red replies "Once, during

4920-660: The Imperial College London , who stated that studies showing benefits for "moderate" alcohol consumption in "some middle-aged men" lacked controls for the variable of what the subjects were drinking beforehand. Experts in the United Kingdom have suggested that some psychoactive drugs that may be causing less harm to fewer users (although they are also used less frequently in the first place) are cannabis, psilocybin mushrooms , LSD , and MDMA ; however, these drugs have risks and side effects of their own. Drug harmfulness

5043-466: The cassette tape and Disco ; MAD magazine ; and Eric's obsession with Star Wars , which came out in 1977. The show has been compared to Happy Days , which was similarly set 20 years before the time in which it aired. Beginning with season 5, each episode in the series is named after a song by a rock band that was famous in the 1970s: Led Zeppelin (season 5), The Who (Season 6), The Rolling Stones (season 7), and Queen (season 8, except for

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5166-639: The controlled substances listed as controlled drugs in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961) and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971) of the United Nations (UN). Since the early 2000s, the European Union (EU) has developed several comprehensive and multidisciplinary strategies as part of its drug policy in order to prevent the diffusion of recreational drug use and abuse among

5289-500: The "drug-induced" feel, although the audience never saw anyone actually smoking the drug. Also, no visible drug-related paraphernalia were seen, such as bongs or joint papers. Characters never spoke the word "marijuana" while in The Circle (except in one episode " Reefer Madness "), often referring to it as "stuff" or a "stash". In the episode " Bye-Bye Basement ", Theo (Leo's cousin) refers to "weed"; in " The Relapse ", Kelso tells Fez that

5412-484: The 11-year run sometimes alternated between being part of the main plot and the secondary plot) and Parker Lewis Can't Lose . That '70s Show was a hit with both teenage and adult audiences, and focused on the lives of six teenage friends living in Wisconsin between 1976 and 1979; despite the short time period it was set in, the sitcom aired for eight years on Fox due to the use of a floating timeline . While Malcolm in

5535-494: The 1970s such as sexual attitudes of the era, generational conflict, the economic hardships of the 1970s recession , mistrust of the American government by blue-collar workers , and underage drinking / drug use . The series also highlighted developments in fashion trends, the entertainment industry, including the television remote ("the clicker"), reruns , VCRs , and cable TV ; the video games Pong and Space Invaders ;

5658-453: The Big Three and cable television . In 1989, the sitcom Saved by the Bell (a retooling of the 1987–88 Disney Channel comedy Good Morning, Miss Bliss ) premiered on NBC . The series quickly became a fan favorite and one of the most highly rated and popular teen shows of all time. Saved by the Bell had its main characters go through typical teen issues and the drama of high school, though

5781-487: The Boss? , Growing Pains , The New Leave It to Beaver , My Two Dads , and Good Morning, Miss Bliss (later known as Saved by the Bell ) were extremely popular especially among the younger demographic. Teen-oriented sitcoms have become more popular since the 1990s; during that decade, these type of programs gradually became fairly common on both broadcast and cable networks. Although pertinent social issues relating to

5904-709: The European population and raise public awareness on the adverse effects of drugs among all member states of the European Union , as well as conjoined efforts with European law enforcement agencies, such as Europol and EMCDDA , in order to counter organized crime and illegal drug trade in Europe. Many researchers have explored the etiology of recreational drug use. Some of the most common theories are: genetics , personality type, psychological problems, self-medication, sex, age, depression, curiosity, boredom, rebelliousness,

6027-709: The FBI reported that between the years 1966 and 1968, the number of arrests for marijuana possession, which had been outlawed throughout the United States under Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 , had increased by 98%. Despite acknowledgement that drug use was greatly growing among America's youth during the late 1960s, surveys have suggested that only as much as 4% of the American population had ever smoked marijuana by 1969. By 1972, however, that number would increase to 12%. That number would then double by 1977. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified marijuana along with heroin and LSD as

6150-542: The Kids: The TV Show , Boy Meets World , Sister, Sister , Life with Derek and Naturally, Sadie . In 1997, Disney Channel began the transition into the basic cable market (which was completed nationwide by 2002) and underwent a network overhaul. This overhaul involved the network shifting its main focus to "tweens" and young teenagers which culminated in the 1998 launch of the Zoog Disney brand. Zoog Disney

6273-479: The Middle was targeted towards an adult demographic, it featured a predominantly adolescent-to-young adult male cast which led to its popularity with younger viewers and launched the career of teen idol Frankie Muniz . The WB and UPN were popular destinations for teen sitcoms. The WB's earliest comedies with teens as the central characters included Sister, Sister (which originated on ABC from 1994 to 1999; about teenage twin sisters who accidentally reunite while at

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6396-448: The TGIF's biggest hits was Sabrina, the Teenage Witch which debuted in 1996. It starred Melissa Joan Hart whom was previously known to young audiences in the hit Nickelodeon teen sitcom Clarissa Explains It All which aired from 1991 to 1994. Sabrina was based on a popular Archie Comics character that was featured in an animated series from the early 1970s and a 1996 TV movie of

6519-1009: The US as acetaminophen), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates (e.g. aspirin ), and opioid drugs such as hydrocodone , codeine , heroin and oxycodone . Some further examples of the brand name prescription opiates and opioid analgesics that may be used recreationally include Vicodin, Lortab, Norco (hydrocodone), Avinza, Kapanol (morphine), Opana, Paramorphan (oxymorphone), Dilaudid, Palladone (hydromorphone), and OxyContin (oxycodone). The following are examples of tranquilizers ( GABAergics ): Stimulants, also known as "psychostimulants", induce euphoria with improvements in mental and physical function, such as enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and locomotion. Stimulants are also occasionally called "uppers". Depressants or "downers", which decrease mental or physical function, are in stark contrast to stimulants and are considered to be their functional opposites. Stimulants enhance

6642-594: The United States during the late 1980s–early 1990s. In video games , for example, drugs are portrayed in a variety of ways: including power-ups ( cocaine gum replenishes stamina in Red Dead Redemption 2 ), obstacles to be avoided (such as the Fuzzies in Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island that distort the player's view when accidentally consumed), items to be bought and sold for in-game currency (coke dealing

6765-409: The above reasons, the use of medicinal scopolamine for recreational uses is also observed. Analgesics (also known as "painkillers") are used to relieve pain (achieve analgesia ). The word analgesic derives from Greek "αν-" ( an- , "without") and "άλγος" ( álgos , "pain"). Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems; they include paracetamol (also known in

6888-436: The activity of the central and peripheral nervous systems . Common effects may include increased alertness , awareness , wakefulness , endurance , productivity , and motivation , arousal , locomotion , heart rate , and blood pressure , and a diminished desire for food and sleep . Use of stimulants may cause the body to significantly reduce its production of endogenous compounds that fulfill similar functions. Once

7011-453: The adolescence of actor/comedian Chris Rock ). The CW dropped sitcoms from its schedule in 2009 (when Everybody Hates Chris and the adult-targeted dramedy The Game were canceled), to focus more on its drama and reality series. The creation of MTV in 1981 had gathered a majority of the teenage audience with the airing of back-to-back music videos . Over time (beginning in the early 1990s), MTV gradually shifted into its current format as

7134-455: The adventures of a teenage boy and his friends through high school, the military, and college, and was the first U.S. network television program to feature teenagers (played by Dwayne Hickman and Bob Denver , actors in their twenties at the time) as its lead characters. In the mid-1960s, the creation of sitcoms such as The Monkees and Gidget were primarily targeted towards teenage audiences. The 1969–1974 ABC sitcom The Brady Bunch

7257-450: The body to allergens , such as the pollen released by grasses and trees. An allergic reaction causes release of histamine by the body. Other uses of antihistamines are to help with normal symptoms of insect stings even if there is no allergic reaction. Their recreational appeal exists mainly due to their anticholinergic properties, that induce anxiolysis and, in some cases such as diphenhydramine , chlorpheniramine , and orphenadrine ,

7380-586: The career of teen idol Amanda Bynes ) and 100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd . From the 2000s onward, Nickelodeon has aired The Brothers García , Noah Knows Best , As Told by Ginger , The Nick Cannon Show (spun-off from All That ), Taina (a predecessor to Victorious ), Drake & Josh (spun-off from The Amanda Show ), Romeo! , Unfabulous , Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide , Zoey 101 (spun-off from All That ), Mr. Meaty , Just Jordan , iCarly (spun-off from Drake & Josh and grew to become one of longest-running and

7503-459: The channel's male-oriented spin-off network Disney XD , features series aimed at boys, although shows on each network are widely popular among both genders. Disney XD's sitcoms have included Zeke and Luther (about two teenage skateboarders), Crash & Bernstein (about a 12-year-old boy's friendship with a living puppet), Mighty Med (about a hospital for superheroes), I'm in the Band (about

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7626-419: The channel, the most notable of which include Hannah Montana (centering on a girl who, until the series' fourth and last season, led a secret double life as a teen pop star; the series surpassed its predecessors in terms of popularity), The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (centering on twin brothers living in a hotel where their mother works as a singer and a smart blonde and a dumb Asian live here; it led to

7749-420: The characters reach "one" during a countdown to January 1, 1980. After the credits roll, the license plate from Eric's Vista Cruiser is shown with the year "80", indicating that the 1980s have begun. Eric Forman was written out of the series at the end of the seventh season , as Topher Grace wanted to move on with his career. Ashton Kutcher switched to a recurring guest role when he also chose to depart following

7872-411: The concrete wall behind the gym is used mostly for "smoking weed and beating up freshmen;" in " Ski Trip " Kitty asks Eric why he is taking so much oregano to Jackie's ski lodge; in " Eric's Burger Job ", Kelso blames his " roach clip " when the water bed on which he is sitting at a party deflates; in two episodes (" That Wrestling Show " and " Hyde Moves In "), Eric and Hyde can be seen wearing shirts with

7995-466: The consequences of irresponsible drug use to users. Another issue is that the illegality of drugs causes social and economic consequences for users—the drugs may be "cut" with adulterants and the purity varies wildly, making overdoses more likely—and legalization of drug production and distribution could reduce these and other dangers of illegal drug use. In efforts to curtail recreational drug use, governments worldwide introduced several laws prohibiting

8118-639: The consumption of club drugs is highly associated with the presence of criminal behaviors and recent alcohol abuse or dependence . The prevalence of recreational drugs in human societies is widely reflected in fiction, entertainment, and the arts, subject to prevailing laws and social conventions. For instance, in the music industry , the musical genres hip hop , hardcore rap , and trap , alongside their derivative subgenres and subcultures , are most notorious for having continuously celebrated and promoted drug trafficking , gangster lifestyle , and consumption of alcohol and other drugs since their inception in

8241-1037: The decade can be heard on the series, and two soundtracks were released in 1999. The first is a collection of funk , soul , and disco , called That '70s Album (Jammin') . The second is a collection of album-oriented rock songs, called That '70s Album (Rockin') . AllMusic gave both albums 3 out of 5 stars in their reviews. Netflix produced a spin-off of the series, titled That '90s Show , with Kurtwood Smith and Debra Jo Rupp reprising their roles as Red and Kitty Forman, respectively. As of July 2024, it had two seasons, again produced by The Carsey-Werner Company, with Gregg Mettler serving as showrunner and Bonnie Turner, Terry Turner, their daughter Lindsay Turner, Marcy Carsey, Tom Werner, Smith and Rupp as executive producers. Topher Grace (Eric Forman), Mila Kunis (Jackie Burkhart), Ashton Kutcher (Michael Kelso), Laura Prepon (Donna Pinciotti), Wilmer Valderrama (Fez), Tommy Chong (Leo), Don Stark (Bob Pinciotti), Jim Rash (Fenton) and Seth Green (Mitch Miller), reprised their roles as guest stars in

8364-480: The demographic were featured in earlier series, Blossom regularly focused on such issues, with episodes dealing with subject matter such as drug use, guns and teen sex. Several sitcoms aired on ABC during the early and mid-1990s were aimed primarily at teenage audiences as well as families; most of them aired as part of TGIF , the network's popular Friday night comedy block that originally ran from 1989 to 2000. Such examples include Step by Step (which focused on

8487-417: The dimwit of the group. Eric was supposed to be replaced by his new friend Charlie, played by Bret Harrison , as an "innocent character", who proved fairly popular with audiences, but the character was killed off after Harrison was offered a lead role in the series The Loop . Another new character named Randy Pearson, played by Josh Meyers (brother of Late Night host Seth Meyers ), was introduced to take

8610-414: The drug is taken in much higher than therapeutic doses. Antihistamines are widely available over the counter at drug stores (without a prescription), in the form of allergy medication and some cough medicines . They are sometimes used in combination with other substances such as alcohol. The most common unsupervised use of antihistamines in terms of volume and percentage of the total is perhaps in parallel to

8733-627: The drug. It is estimated that 26% of people with hallucinogen-induced psychosis will transition to a diagnosis of schizophrenia. This percentage is less than the psychosis transition rate for cannabis (34%) but higher than that of amphetamines (22%). Starting in the mid-20th century, psychedelic drugs have been the object of extensive attention in the Western world. They have been and are being explored as potential therapeutic agents in treating depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , obsessive–compulsive disorder , alcoholism , and opioid addiction . Yet

8856-419: The earliest was the 1989–93 series Hey Dude , which focused on a group of teenagers working at a dude ranch; the network's most popular comedy of the 1990s was Clarissa Explains It All , running from 1991 to 1994 and starring then-unknown actress Melissa Joan Hart , which focused around Clarissa Darling, a typical teenager that faced typical teen issues and an aggravating younger brother. The series debunked

8979-581: The early 1990s, especially among teenagers, but by the end of the decade this upswing had leveled off well below former peaks of use. Many movements and organizations are advocating for or against the liberalization of the use of recreational drugs , most notably regarding the legalization of marijuana and cannabinoids for medical and/or recreational use. Subcultures have emerged among users of recreational drugs, as well as alternative lifestyles and social movements among those who abstain from them, such as teetotalism and " straight edge ". Since

9102-493: The early 2000s, medical professionals have acknowledged and addressed the problem of the increasing consumption of alcoholic drinks and club drugs (such as MDMA , cocaine , rohypnol , GHB , ketamine , PCP , LSD , and methamphetamine ) associated with rave culture among adolescents and young adults in the Western world . Studies have shown that adolescents are more likely than young adults to use multiple drugs , and

9225-1022: The effect of the ingested stimulant has worn off the user may feel depressed, lethargic, confused, and dysphoric. This is colloquially termed a "crash" and may promote reuse of the stimulant. Amphetamines are a significant cause of drug-induced psychosis. Importantly, a 2019 meta-analysis found that 22% of people with amphetamine-induced psychosis transition to a later diagnosis of schizophrenia. Examples of stimulants include: Hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics , dissociatives , and deliriants . They can cause subjective changes in perception , thought , emotion and consciousness . Unlike other psychoactive drugs such as stimulants and opioids , hallucinogens do not merely amplify familiar states of mind but also induce experiences that differ from those of ordinary consciousness, often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as trance , meditation , conversion experiences, and dreams . Psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants have

9348-487: The entire family. The teen movie genre was popular during the 1960s and led the way towards the teen sitcom genre. The earliest ancestor of the teen sitcom was Meet Corliss Archer , a TV adaptation of a popular radio show about a teenage girl which aired briefly in syndication in 1954. The first teen sitcom on a major network was The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis , a 1959–1963 CBS sitcom based on collegiate short stories by humorist Max Shulman . Dobie Gillis followed

9471-457: The finale, titled "That '70s Finale"). In The Circle, a group of characters, usually the teenagers, sit in a circle (generally in Eric's basement, though occasionally elsewhere), as the camera pans, stopping at each character as they speak. It was usually apparent that the characters are under the influence of marijuana . Thick clouds of smoke, frequent coughing and an extreme wide-angle lens added to

9594-459: The function of endogenous neurotransmitters may have improved survival rates, conferring an evolutionary advantage. A typically restrictive prehistoric diet may have emphasized the apparent benefit of consuming psychoactive drugs , which had themselves evolved to imitate neurotransmitters. Chemical–ecological adaptations and the genetics of hepatic enzymes , particularly cytochrome P450 , have led researchers to propose that "humans have shared

9717-582: The guidance of their kind-hearted homeroom teacher Miss Bliss (portrayed by Hayley Mills of The Parent Trap fame). It was short-lived and was retooled later into NBC's Saved by the Bell which enjoyed much more success on the broadcast network and syndication. Another attempt came with 1989 reboot of The Mickey Mouse Club (MMC) which contained a mix of sketch comedy, musical and dance numbers (often covers of then-popular pop songs), celebrity guest stars and serial dramas. As opposed to its counterpart Kids Incorporated (also airing on Disney Channel) which

9840-511: The highest rated live-action series in Nickelodeon history), True Jackson, VP , Big Time Rush , The Troop , Bucket & Skinner's Epic Adventures , How to Rock , Victorious (Served as the launching pad for pop star Ariana Grande 's music career), Sam & Cat (spun-off from iCarly and Victorious ), Supah Ninjas , Life With Boys and Every Witch Way all of which targeted kids and older teens, as well as families as

9963-664: The latter characters, specifically attractive but intelligent redhead Tiffany Malloy ( Nikki Cox ) and her less-than-bright brother Ryan ( Kevin Connolly )). In 2002, What I Like About You debuted on The WB – centering on spontaneous, wild 16-year-old Holly Tyler (portrayed by former Nickelodeon star Amanda Bynes ), who convinces her father – who accepts a job position in Japan – to let her live with her neurotic, uptight older sister Valerie (portrayed by former 90210 star Jennie Garth ). In general, The WB put much of its programming focus during

10086-999: The lungs. While some "inhalant" drugs are used for medical purposes , as in the case of nitrous oxide , a dental anesthetic, inhalants are used as recreational drugs for their intoxicating effect. Most inhalant drugs that are used non-medically are ingredients in household or industrial chemical products that are not intended to be concentrated and inhaled, including organic solvents (found in cleaning products, fast-drying glues, and nail polish removers), fuels ( gasoline (petrol) and kerosene ), and propellant gases such as Freon and compressed hydrofluorocarbons that are used in aerosol cans such as hairspray, whipped cream, and non-stick cooking spray. A small number of recreational inhalant drugs are pharmaceutical products that are used illicitly, such as anesthetics ( ether and nitrous oxide) and volatile anti- angina drugs ( alkyl nitrites , more commonly known as "poppers"). The most serious inhalant abuse occurs among children and teens who "[...] live on

10209-578: The main audience focus for these programs, these programs are also popular with young adults as well as preteens. Older adults may enjoy them for nostalgic purposes. Like teen dramas , this genre was also generally non-existent during the first 30 years of television. When sitcoms reached their peak in the 1950s and 1960s, these programs were supposed to be family-oriented. Sitcoms of the 1950s and 1960s such as Leave It to Beaver , Father Knows Best , The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and The Donna Reed Show were popular with teenagers, along with

10332-423: The medicinal use of some antihistamines to extend and intensify the effects of opioids and depressants. The most commonly used are hydroxyzine , mainly to extend a supply of other drugs, as in medical use, and the above-mentioned ethanolamine and alkylamine-class first-generation antihistamines, which are – once again as in the 1950s – the subject of medical research into their anti-depressant properties. For all of

10455-430: The mid-19th century to the 1930s, American physicians prescribed Cannabis sativa as a prescription drug for various medical conditions. In the 1960s, the counterculture movement introduced the use of psychoactive drugs, including cannabis. Young adults and college students reported the recreational prevalence of cannabis, among other drugs, at 20-25% while the cultural mindset of using was open and curious. In 1969,

10578-772: The most common and widespread gateway drugs . In the United States , Australia , and New Zealand , the general onset of drinking alcohol , tobacco smoking , cannabis smoking , and consumption of multiple drugs most frequently occurs during adolescence and in middle school and secondary school settings. Some scientific studies in the early 21st century found that a low to moderate level of alcohol consumption, particularly of red wine , might have substantial health benefits such as decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases , stroke , and cognitive decline . This claim has been disputed, specifically by British researcher David Nutt , professor of neuropsychopharmacology at

10701-534: The most commonly used method for drug use education; however, the success rates of these intervention programs are highly dependent on the commitment of participants and are limited in general. Alcohol is the most widely used recreational drug in Australia . 86.2% of Australians aged 12 years and over have consumed alcohol at least once in their lifetime, compared to 34.8% of Australians aged 12 years and over who have used cannabis at least once in their lifetime. From

10824-531: The most popular, and at the same time most stigmatized, use of psychedelics in Western culture has been associated with the search for direct religious experience , enhanced creativity , personal development, and "mind expansion". The use of psychedelic drugs was a major element of the 1960s counterculture , where it became associated with various social movements and a general atmosphere of rebellion and strife between generations. Inhalants are gases , aerosols , or solvents that are breathed in and absorbed through

10947-630: The network's 11-year existence on teen-oriented series (attempting to broaden its audience in its final two years), which alongside comedy series had also included dramas such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer and One Tree Hill . UPN's sitcoms largely (with few exceptions) were aimed at African-American audiences; such programs aimed at teens included Moesha , which focused on African-American teenager Moesha Mitchell (portrayed by singer Brandy ) and her family and friends. The 2001–06 sitcom One on One , centered on Breanna Barnes ( Kyla Pratt ), who (in

11070-437: The network's block for teen comedy starting in 2001 until 2009. Launched in 1983, Disney Channel was originally a premium channel geared towards young children, families and adults. However, in 1988, the channel made its first attempt to appeal to an adolescent audience with its first original sitcom Good Morning, Miss Bliss . Miss Bliss detailed the lives of middle schoolers who got into various wacky adventures but had

11193-425: The network's first in-house sketch comedy/variety series Roundhouse . While hugely unsuccessful in the ratings, Roundhouse still was innovative in some ways such as featuring a large diverse teenage cast and an urban setting which stood out from the predominantly white suburban environment of the Nickelodeon's past series. From 1993 to 1994, Nickelodeon aired The Adventures of Pete & Pete (which grew to have

11316-487: The pilot episode (after Red begrudgingly buys a 1976 Toyota Corolla , a more economical car). For the first seven seasons of the show, the show's introduction showed the cast inside the Vista Cruiser. The particular station wagon was bought by Wilmer Valderrama at the show's conclusion from Carsey-Werner for "no more than" $ 500 . The Vista Cruiser makes a brief appearance, in its original "That 70's Show" configuration, in

11439-482: The place of both Eric and, to a lesser extent, Charlie. Another new character, Samantha, a stripper played by Jud Tylor , was added as Hyde's wife for nine episodes. The location of the show's introductory theme song was changed from the Vista Cruiser to the circle. The eighth season was announced as the final season of the show on January 17, 2006, and "That '70s Finale" was filmed a month later on February 17, 2006, first airing on May 18, 2006. The working titles for

11562-448: The popularity of the character of nerdy high school (and later, college) student Steve Urkel ). Other short-lived series that featured teenage protagonists included Sister, Sister (which aired during the 1994–1995 season but was cancelled and promptly moved to The WB and Clueless (aired on ABC during the 1996–1997 season and later moved to UPN; based on the hit 1995 comedy film starring teen idol Alicia Silverstone ). One of

11685-460: The possession of almost all varieties of recreational drugs during the 20th century. The " War on Drugs " promoted by the United States, however, is now facing increasing criticism. Evidence is insufficient to tell if behavioral interventions help prevent recreational drug use in children. One in four adolescents has used an illegal drug, and one in ten of those adolescents who need addiction treatment get some type of care. School-based programs are

11808-504: The rate of transition from opioid, alcohol and sedative induced psychosis to schizophrenia was 12%, 10% and 9% respectively. Antihistamines (or "histamine antagonists") inhibit the release or action of histamine . "Antihistamine" can be used to describe any histamine antagonist, but the term is usually reserved for the classical antihistamines that act upon the H 1 histamine receptor . Antihistamines are used as treatment for allergies . Allergies are caused by an excessive response of

11931-475: The same name that aired on Showtime . The franchise focused on the adventures of the eponymous main character who tries to live a normal life as a teenager and later young adult while dealing with being a half-witch/half-mortal; Sabrina ran for four seasons on ABC and an additional three on The WB). Though TGIF was originally geared towards families, the success of Sabrina, The Teenage Witch and Boy Meets World which had its teenage cast become teen idols and

12054-399: The same time as activities such as driving, swimming, operating machinery, or other activities that are unsafe without a sober state. Responsible drug use is emphasized as a primary prevention technique in harm-reduction drug policies. Harm-reduction policies were popularized in the late 1980s, although they began in the 1970s counter-culture, through cartoons explaining responsible drug use and

12177-532: The sequel series, That 90's Show . In August 2009, the show's Vista Cruiser was named third-greatest television car ever by MSN Autos. In one of the show's major running gags , Red often threatens to punish Eric with many variations of the catchphrase , "my foot in your ass" or more generally "kicking your ass." For example, in " Kitty and Eric's Night Out ", Red mistakenly thinks Eric offended Kitty, so Red says, "I swear I'll kick his ass!" In " Eric's Hot Cousin ", Eric tries to get out of something by claiming he

12300-503: The series at this event came in 1999, when Melina Root was awarded the Emmy for Outstanding Costume Design for a Series for "That Disco Episode". Additionally, the show was nominated for a large number of Teen Choice Awards , with both Ashton Kutcher and Wilmer Valderrama winning on three occasions. Teen sitcom The most common episodic plot lines used in teen sitcoms involve the protagonist(s) dealing with family and friends, ending up in

12423-515: The series on the TNBC block were executive produced by Peter Engel . Fox , The WB and UPN were each launched (respectively in 1986 and 1995) with target audiences aimed at teenagers and young adults between the ages of 13 and 35. Fox aired teen dramas such as Beverly Hills, 90210 and Party of Five and sitcoms such as That '70s Show , Malcolm in the Middle , Married... with Children (in which its teen characters, who grew into adults over

12546-414: The series transitioned to 1977. The 23rd episode, "Grandma's Dead", was also set in 1976, because it was supposed to be the season finale of season 1. The show remained in 1977 for the next two seasons. Near the end of the third season, the series transitioned to 1978 until early in the sixth season. The remaining episodes took place in 1979, and the series finale abruptly ends during a New Year's Eve party as

12669-425: The series was comical and the issues were often resolved before the end of the episode. Notably, Saved by the Bell featured teenage archetypes and stereotypes. Saved by the Bell kept its Saturday morning slot until 1993, when it ended after four seasons (by the final season, two main characters – Kelly Kapowski ( Tiffani Thiessen ) and Jessie Spano ( Elizabeth Berkley ) – departed from the series and were replaced by

12792-451: The series. It premiered on Netflix on January 19, 2023. That '70s Show 's eight seasons, consisting of 200 episodes, made it Fox's second-longest-running live-action sitcom ever behind Married... with Children , though it did not have the same ratings success, despite surviving cancellation. Over the course of its run, the series was nominated for a substantial number of awards, including 16 Primetime Emmy Awards . The only win for

12915-428: The seventh season. However, Kelso had not been written out yet, so to give better closure to the character, Kutcher appeared in the first four episodes of the eighth season (credited as a special guest star). Both Grace and Kutcher returned for the series finale, although the former was uncredited. Tommy Chong (who began reappearing by late season 7 after a long absence) became a regular again to help fill Kelso's role as

13038-609: The show was remade for the ITV network in the United Kingdom as Days Like These using almost verbatim scripts with minor changes to cultural references. A spin-off series, That '90s Show , set in 1995 and focusing on the children of the main characters of the original show, was released on Netflix from 2023 to 2024. The show was set in May 1976 in the August 23, 1998 premiere. After 12 episodes,

13161-408: The show were: Requests to use the titles of songs by The Who were rejected, and though Feelin' All Right was used as the title of the show during its upfront presentation, Fox later decided it would not be memorable enough. Bonnie Turner proposed simply calling it That '70s Show , predicting that audiences would merely refer to it by its setting anyway. The show addressed many social issues of

13284-401: The streets completely without family ties". Inhalant users inhale vapor or aerosol propellant gases using plastic bags held over the mouth or by breathing from a solvent-soaked rag or an open container. The effects of inhalants range from an alcohol-like intoxication and intense euphoria to vivid hallucinations , depending on the substance and the dosage. Some inhalant users are injured due to

13407-508: The teenage female audience from his previous roles in Disney media such as So Weird and Brink! and the Universal film Leave It to Beaver . However like Teen Angel , it failed to reach its intended audience and was cancelled after one season. Detten would later star in another short-lived TGIF sitcom, Complete Savages (2004-2005) which consisted of a predominantly teenage male cast with

13530-400: The transfer of its more successful sitcoms like Step by Step and Family Matters (which by that point was more focused on the young adult cast) to CBS in 1997, led to the block's shift towards teen-oriented sitcoms that fall. In order to capitalize on the success of Sabrina , TGIF introduced two new fantasy comedies (albeit with male protagonists): Teen Angel (which heavily leaned towards

13653-489: The two lead characters each episode as explained by them), and Girl Meets World (which focuses on Boy Meets World characters, Cory and Topanga Matthews' teenage daughter, Riley as she navigates the challenges of life and being a teenager) which are all fairly popular with teenage audiences, as well as older children and young adults. Disney Channel's comedy series, while not exclusively targeted for that audience, are geared more towards teen and preteen girls; in contrast,

13776-506: The user's point of view there are many positive reasons to become part of the milieu of drug taking. The reasons for drug use appear to have as much to do with needs for friendship, pleasure and status as they do with unhappiness or poverty. Becoming a drug taker, to many people, is a positive affirmation rather than a negative experience". Anthropological research has suggested that humans "may have evolved to counter-exploit plant neurotoxins ". The ability to use botanical chemicals to serve

13899-495: The various hijinks of teenage campers at Camp Anawanna and Welcome Freshmen , a subversive take on the high school sitcom which featured a mix of comedy skits, a glaring lack of educational and moral lessons, sexual innuendo and cynical main characters. However, neither managed to reach the success of Clarissa which outlived both series by a year. The year 1992 saw the introduction of the network's popular long-running primetime block SNICK (contraction of Saturday Night Nick) and

14022-524: The war... I can't talk about it." Several of the running gags were shown in edited clips for the series finale. Some other notable running gags and catchphrases are: That '70s Show was released on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment at an increment of two seasons per year between 2004 and 2008 and a complete series release on October 14, 2008. Mill Creek Entertainment released all eight seasons between 2011–2013 and released

14145-465: The whole gang is in The Circle are " Class Picture ", " I'm A Boy ", " Substitute ", and in the series finale. During the eighth and final season, The Circle (sans the smoke) replaced the Formans' Vista Cruiser as the setting of the opening credits. Many of the show's episodes featured Eric and the rest of the kids in or around Eric's "Aztec Gold" 1969 Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser , handed down to Eric by Red in

14268-435: The words " Cannabis sativa " written on a Campbell's soup can; and in " The Pill ", Red, referring to Kelso, exclaims, "That kid's on dope!" A gimmick related to the circle and the marijuana smoking was Eric watching the kitchen wall moving erratically, although this technique was also used to show that Eric was drunk. As the series progressed, The Circle became one of the series' recurring features. The only four episodes where

14391-411: The world as prescription medicines and as illicit substances . When these are used, effects may include anxiolysis (reduction of anxiety), analgesia (pain relief), sedation , somnolence , cognitive/memory impairment, dissociation , muscle relaxation, lowered blood pressure / heart rate , respiratory depression , anesthesia , and anticonvulsant effects. Depressants exert their effects through

14514-529: Was a primetime and weekend block hosted by animated teenage cyber -creatures called "Zoogs" and featured original series and films , live concerts and music videos of current teen pop artists, exclusive behind-the-scenes footage of upcoming Disney films, extreme sports clips and interstitials that promoted usage of the internet. These new original series included: Flash Forward (a coming-of-age comedy about two best friends in their last year of middle school), The Jersey (a sports-themed comedy about

14637-418: Was aimed squarely at children, MMC' s demographic skewed towards older children and teenagers. It was not only a huge success for the premium channel but served as a testing ground for the channel's earliest attempts at creating a brand of teen pop stars. Two pop groups were spawned from the variety show: The Party and MMC, both contained the most popular cast members at the time. A few years after MMC ended,

14760-407: Was another hit for the network and focuses on a teenage girl who tries to navigate through adolescence after the circumstances of a bathroom accident after reading an anonymous letter written about her, result in her notoriety once her high school classmates believe she attempted suicide. Children's cable channel Nickelodeon had begun its own trend of producing teen sitcoms in the late 1980s; one of

14883-454: Was followed two years later (in 2003) by That's So Raven , a comedy which mixed fantasy and real-life issues (centering on a girl who has psychic abilities that are only known by her friends and family), this also became a major hit for Disney Channel; it was also the first Disney Channel series both to last four seasons and to reach 100 episodes. The success of That's So Raven ultimately led to more " high concept " series to be produced for

15006-540: Was popular with younger audiences, especially pre-teens and younger teenagers, as was its competitor The Partridge Family , which premiered in 1970. These shows are similar to the "tween" orientated shows that have aired in more recent years such as Hannah Montana . The 1970s also featured teen sitcoms such as What's Happening!! , Happy Days and Welcome Back, Kotter . During the 1980s, television series such as The Facts of Life , Silver Spoons , Square Pegs , Family Ties , The Hogan Family , Who's

15129-478: Was targeted towards teenagers. The block also featured comedies such as California Dreams (focusing on an aspiring band), Hang Time (centering on the players and cheerleaders of a high school basketball team), City Guys (centering on the developing friendship of two New York City high school students of different backgrounds and races) and One World (focusing on a family in which all six children are adopted from different backgrounds). The vast majority of

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