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19-751: Point Nepean ( Boonwurrung : Boona-djalang ) marks the southern point of The Rip (the entrance to Port Phillip ) and the most westerly point of the Mornington Peninsula , in Victoria , Australia. It was named in 1802 after the British politician and colonial administrator Sir Evan Nepean by John Murray in HMS ; Lady Nelson . Its coast and adjacent waters are included in the Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park , while its land area

38-586: A clan name, a dialect, or a closely related language. Boonwurrung is closely related to Woiwurrung, with which it shares 93% of its vocabulary, and to a lesser degree with Taungurung spoken north of the Great Dividing Range in the area of the Goulburn River , with which it shares 80%. Woiwurrung, Taungurong and Boonwurrung have been considered by linguists to be dialects of a single Central Victorian language, whose range stretched from almost Echuca in

57-618: A national park in 1988. The Australian Government offered to sell the land to the Victoria State Government in 1998 and again in 2001, but the state rejected the offer. In 2002 the Department of Defence proposed selling 311 hectares (770 acres) of land for development, retaining 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres) which contained contaminated soil and unexploded ordnance . The proposed sale was abandoned in 2003 following strong community protest. In 2004, 90 hectares (220 acres) of Defence land

76-400: Is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action. The United States Department of Defense , for example, says that those declared KIA did not need to have fired their weapons, but only to have been killed due to hostile attack. KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in

95-564: Is also used for combat related casualties which occur after medical evacuation. PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle, initially listed missing in action (MIA), but after not being found, are later presumed to have not survived. This is typical of naval battles or engagements on other hostile environments where recovering bodies is difficult. A very large number of soldiers killed in action went unidentified in World War I , like John Kipling ,

114-501: Is part of the Point Nepean National Park . The point includes Cheviot Beach on its southern side, notable as the site of the disappearance in 1967 of Australia's then-Prime Minister Harold Holt . Evidence of Australian Aboriginal settlement of the area dates back 40,000 years. Bunurong women often bore their children at the point. Their name for the point was Boona-djalang , which means 'kangaroo-hide', descriptive of

133-473: Is the Woiwurrung dialect: It is not clear if the two rhotics are trill and flap, or tap and approximant. Vowels in Woiwurrung are /a e i o u/. In the case of the Woiwurrung pronouns, the stem seems to be the standard ngali ' you and I ' , but the front was suffixed to wa- , so wa+ngal combines to form wangal below. In Kulin languages there is no grammatical gender. A numbering system

152-520: The angular shape of the point akin to a stretched hide. There are 70 registered Aboriginal archaeological sites within the Point Nepean National Park. The area's early settlers mined limestone from the coastal cliffs, and two lime kilns were built around 1840. The Point Nepean Quarantine Station was opened in 1852 and is the second oldest intact quarantine station in Australia. It contains

171-856: The facilities housed the Officer Cadet School (OCS) Portsea from 1951 to 1985 and later the School of Army Health until 1998. 3,544 officer cadets graduated as Army officers from OCS Portsea (including 30 RAAF officers and 688 foreign officers) with 20 graduates killed in action (KIA) overseas including Malaya, Borneo, South Vietnam, Cambodia and Philippines. Some of the historic features include (major features shown in bold): The coast of Point Nepean contains intertidal reef platforms with high invertebrate diversity as well as subtidal reefs with diverse communities of fish, invertebrates and encrusting organisms such as ascidians , sponges Dale and bryozoans . The Government of Victoria called for tenders to develop

190-413: The midst of combat, but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, murder or other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval, air and support troops. Furthermore, the term died of wounds ( DOW ) is used to denote personnel who reached a medical treatment facility before dying. The category died of wounds received in action ( DWRIA )

209-511: The north, to Wilsons Promontory in the south. R. Brough Smyth wrote in 1878 that "The dialects of the Wooeewoorong or Wawoorong tribe (River Yarra) and the Boonoorong tribe (Coast) are the same. Twenty-three words out of thirty are, making allowances for differences of spelling and pronunciation, identical; five have evidently the same roots, and only two are widely different". The following

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228-485: The oldest buildings erected for quarantine purposes in Australia, four of the main hospital buildings (established in 1857), pre-dating the oldest intact quarantine-related structures at North Head , Sydney, by 16 years. The Quarantine Station operated until 1980. Australia's first major oil spill occurred off Point Nepean in 1903, with the wreck of SS  Petriana . It remained Australia's largest oil spill until 1975. Point Nepean Post Office opened on 1 April 1859 but

247-427: The same language, so a sign language was used to indicate the number of days in the future when the people should assemble. The number was indicated by pointing to a location on the body from 1 to 16. After 16, at the top of the head, the count follows the equivalent locations across the other side of the body. Some Boonwurrung words for animals and plants include: Killed in action Killed in action ( KIA )

266-479: The site in 2013/14 and a local developer was selected. All the heritage and most of the other facilities will remain and the site will be converted into a health spa resort, upmarket & budget accommodation, cafes and a University of Melbourne research facility. Boonwurrung language Woiwurrung , Taungurung and Boonwurrung are Aboriginal languages of the Kulin nation of Central Victoria . Woiwurrung

285-406: Was closed by 1865. Fortifications were built from 1878. Gun batteries were installed at Fort Nepean in 1886 and Eagles Nest in 1888. A gun battery was constructed at Fort Pearce in 1911. With the removal of coastal artillery after World War II, the facilities housed the Officer Cadet School (OCS) Portsea and later the School of Army Health from 1951 to 1998. Parts of Point Nepean were declared as

304-642: Was opened to the community as part of Point Nepean National Park in December 2009; and the area is now managed by Parks Victoria as part of the Mornington Peninsula National Park and the Arthurs Seat State Park . Fortifications were built on land from 1878 onwards. Gun batteries were installed at Fort Nepean in 1886 and Eagles Nest in 1888. Barracks were constructed at Fort Pearce. With the removal of coastal artillery after World War II,

323-945: Was spoken by the Woiwurrung and related peoples in the Yarra River basin, Taungurung by the Taungurung people north of the Great Dividing Range in the Goulburn River Valley around Mansfield, Benalla and Heathcote, and Boonwurrung by the six clans which comprised the Boonwurrung people along the coast from the Werribee River , across the Mornington Peninsula , Western Port Bay to Wilsons Promontory . They are often portrayed as distinct languages, but they were mutually intelligible. Ngurai-illamwurrung (Ngurraiillam) may have been

342-602: Was transferred to the Commonwealth government's Point Nepean Community Trust, which managed the former Quarantine Station until the land was transferred to the Victorian government on 8 June 2009. The Commonwealth also transferred 205 hectares (510 acres) of bushland (former Firing Range area) to Parks Victoria and the remaining 17.6 hectares (43 acres) to the Shire of Mornington Peninsula for community use. The former Quarantine Station

361-437: Was used when Wurundjeri clans sent out messengers to advise neighbouring clans of upcoming events, such as a ceremony, corroboree , a challenge to fight or Marn grook ball game. Messengers carried a message stick with markings to indicate the number and type of people involved and a prop to indicate the type of event, such as a ball for a Marn grook event. The location of meeting was spoken, but neighbouring clans might not use

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