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128-557: The Pogues are an English or Anglo-Irish Celtic punk band fronted by Shane MacGowan and others, founded in King's Cross, London , in 1982, as Pogue Mahone , an anglicisation of the Irish phrase póg mo thóin , meaning "kiss my arse". Initially poorly received in traditional Irish music circles—the celebrated musician Tommy Makem called them "the greatest disaster ever to hit Irish music"—the band were subsequently credited with reinvigorating

256-499: A "back-of-God-speed place—a naval Siberia", and soon as a job became available, he went to Trieste. Joyce moved to Trieste in March 1905 aged 23. He taught English at the Berlitz school. That June he published the satirical poem "Holy Office". After Nora gave birth to their first child, Giorgio, on 27 July 1905, He convinced Stanislaus to move to Trieste and attained a position for him at

384-473: A civil ceremony in London in 1931. He made a number of trips to Switzerland, frequently seeking treatment for his increasingly severe eye problems and psychological help for his daughter, Lucia . When France was occupied by Germany during World War II, Joyce moved back to Zürich in 1940. He died there in 1941 after surgery for a perforated ulcer, at age 58. Ulysses frequently ranks high in lists of great books, and

512-547: A collection of thirteen poems that he wrote in Trieste, Zürich and Paris. In 1930, Joyce began thinking of establishing a residence in London once more, primarily to assure that Giorgio, who had just married Helen Fleischmann, would have his inheritance secured under British law. Joyce moved to London, obtained a long-term lease on a flat, registered on the electoral roll , and became liable for jury service . After living together for twenty-seven years, Joyce and Nora got married at

640-451: A contribution to the war effort, and mainly staged works by Irish playwrights, such as Oscar Wilde , George Bernard Shaw , and John Millington Synge. For Synge's Riders to the Sea , Nora played a principal role and Joyce sang offstage, which he did again when Robert Browning 's In a Balcony was staged. He hoped the company would eventually stage his play, Exiles , but his participation in

768-546: A correspondence clerk and three visits to Dublin, Joyce resided there until 1915. In Trieste, he published his book of poems Chamber Music and his short story collection Dubliners , and he began serially publishing A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in the English magazine The Egoist . During most of World War I, Joyce lived in Zürich , Switzerland, and worked on Ulysses . After

896-712: A date in Spain in September 2005. The reunited Pogues played dates in the UK with support from the Dropkick Murphys in late 2005, and re-released their 1987 Christmas classic "Fairytale of New York" on 19 December, which went straight in at No. 3 in the UK Singles charts on Christmas Day 2005, showing the song's enduring popularity. On 22 December 2005 the BBC broadcast a live performance (recorded

1024-558: A fan letter in Norwegian and wrote a play, A Brilliant Career , which he later destroyed. In 1901 the National Census of Ireland listed Joyce as a 19-year-old Irish- and English-speaking unmarried student living with his parents, six sisters and three brothers at Royal Terrace (now Inverness Road) in Clontarf , Dublin. During this year he became friends with Oliver St. John Gogarty ,

1152-424: A heavy drinker, Joyce gave up alcohol for a period in 1908. He reworked Stephen Hero as the more concise and interior A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man . He completed the third chapter by April and translated John Millington Synge 's Riders to the Sea into Italian with the help of Nicolò Vidacovich. He even took singing lessons again. Joyce had been looking for an English publisher for Dubliners but

1280-534: A lot. We were friends for years before we joined the band. We just got a bit sick of each other. We're friends as long as we don't tour together. I've done a hell of a lot of touring. I've had enough of it". Long-time Pogues bassist Darryl Hunt died in London on 8 August 2022, at the age of 72. Shane MacGowan died in Dublin on 30 November 2023, at the age of 65. The band's surviving members reunited to perform " The Parting Glass " at his funeral on 8 December 2023. Following

1408-821: A mixture of traditional folk songs and original songs written in a traditional style but performed in a punk style. Other early Celtic punk bands included Nyah Fearties , Australia 's Roaring Jack and Norway 's Greenland Whalefishers . The 1990s gave rise to a Celtic punk movement in North America, centered around the likes of the Dropkick Murphys of Quincy, Massachusetts , and Chicago's The Tossers - both from cities with particularly large population of Irish Americans - as well as LA's Flogging Molly (founded by Irish emigrant Dave King ). North American Celtic punk bands have been influenced by American forms of music, and commonly sing in English. Like other punk subcultures, Celtic punk has its own fashions as well. Similar to

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1536-573: A month later Joyce took his family to Zürich in neutral Switzerland. Joyce arrived in Zürich as a double exile: he was an Irishman with a British passport and a Triestine on parole from Austria-Hungary. To get to Switzerland, he had to promise the Austro-Hungarian officials that he would not help the Allies during the war, and he and his family had to leave almost all of their possessions in Trieste. During

1664-465: A musical performer. On 8 May 1904, he was a contestant in the Feis Ceoil , an Irish music competition for promising composers, instrumentalists and singers. In the months before the contest, Joyce took singing lessons with two voice instructors, Benedetto Palmieri and Vincent O'Brien. He paid the entry fee by pawning some of his books. For the contest, Joyce had to sing three songs. He did well with

1792-620: A new album. Chevron said that one way to keep enjoying what they were doing was to avoid making a new album, although he did say that there still is a possibility in the future for new music, but certainly not in the near future. Terry Woods has commented that MacGowan has been writing, and most of it sounds good. In 2008 the band released a box set Just Look Them Straight in the Eye and Say....POGUE MAHONE!! , which included rare studio outtakes and previously unreleased material. The band received mixed reviews of their performances though they continued to pull

1920-579: A number of the artists living in the city at the time, including the sculptor August Suter and the painter Frank Budgen . He often used the time spent with them as material for Ulysses . He made the acquaintance of the writer Stefan Zweig , who organised the premiere of Exiles in Munich in August 1919. He became aware of Dada , which was coming into its own at the Cabaret Voltaire . He may have even met

2048-502: A part of the larger Celtic punk subculture, as even though most bands from that scene did not incorporate traditional sounds into their music, they sang in Scottish Gaelic in support of their traditional language and in protest of linguistic homogenization (among many other issues). They taught each other the language in DIY classes called 'Gaelic for Punks', and the scene was centered around

2176-661: A place to live and moved into a Martello tower near Dublin, which Gogarty was renting. Within a week, Joyce left when Gogarty and another roommate, Dermot Chenevix Trench, fired a pistol in the middle of the night at some pans hanging directly over Joyce's bed. With the help of funds from Lady Gregory and a few other acquaintances, Joyce and Nora left Ireland less than a month later. In October 1904, Joyce and Nora went into self-imposed exile. They briefly stopped in London and Paris to secure funds before heading on to Zürich . Joyce had been informed through an agent in England that there

2304-800: A previously unreleased live album featuring Joe Strummer at the London Forum in December 1991. Guitarist Philip Chevron died on 8 October 2013 in Dublin, Ireland from oesophageal cancer, aged 56. In December 2013, the Pogues went on a four-date UK Christmas tour, followed by a few shows during spring and summer 2014. The Pogues' last performance on British soil occurred on 6 July 2014 at the British Summer Time festival in London 's Hyde Park . The Pogues' last ever performance (to date) occurred on 9 August 2014 during

2432-472: A publisher for Dubliners , Joyce found an advertisement for a correspondence clerk in a Roman bank that paid twice his current salary. He was hired for the position and went to Rome at the end of July. Joyce felt he accomplished very little during his brief stay in Rome, but it had a large impact on his writing. Though his new job took up most of his time, he revised Dubliners and worked on Stephen Hero . Rome

2560-478: A second US tour in March 2007, once again to coincide (and conclude) with a Roseland Ballroom New York City show on Saint Patrick's Day . 2007 proved to be their most prolific year of touring since the reunion with a tour of the west coast of America and eleven dates in the UK in December. The band also made festival appearances in the summer across Europe (Sweden, Belgium and Spain). Guitarist Phil Chevron has stated there were no plans to record new music or release

2688-402: A single, " Dark Streets of London ", on their own, self-named label, gaining a small reputation – especially for their live performances, and national airplay on BBC Radio 1 , primarily on David Jensen 's evening show. They came to the attention of the media and Stiff Records when they opened for The Clash on their 1984 tour. Following complaints from a producer at BBC Radio Scotland about

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2816-609: A small salt and lime works. Joyce's paternal grandfather, James Augustine, married Ellen O'Connell, daughter of John O'Connell, a Cork alderman who owned a drapery business and other properties in Cork City . Ellen's family claimed kinship with the political leader Daniel O'Connell , who had helped secure Catholic emancipation for the Irish in 1829. Joyce's father was appointed rate collector by Dublin Corporation in 1887. The family moved to

2944-533: A songwriter with this disc, offering up poetic storytelling, such as " The Sick Bed of Cúchulainn " and "The Old Main Drag", as well as definitive interpretations of Ewan MacColl 's " Dirty Old Town " and Eric Bogle 's " And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda " (this had previously been covered by Shane's fellow punk contemporaries Skids in 1981). The band failed to take advantage of the momentum created by

3072-452: A variety of guest musicians on vocals at Hackney Empire , London, to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of Red Roses for Me . The re-formed band subsequently announced that they would be touring the UK and Ireland in 2025 to mark the fortieth anniversary of their second album, Rum Sodomy & the Lash . Current members Former members Celtic punk The genre was popularised in

3200-424: A very small portion of their overall material (either due the common occurrence of non-Celtic folk songs being called 'Celtic,' or due to the misunderstanding that all traditional folk music mixed with punk rock is Celtic punk). Celtic punk's origins date back to 1960s and 1970s folk rock musicians who played Irish folk music and Celtic rock in the UK, as well as in more traditional Celtic folk bands such as

3328-458: A young woman in St Stephen's Green and was beaten up by her companion. He was picked up and dusted off by an acquaintance of his father's, Alfred H. Hunter, who took him into his home to tend to his injuries. Hunter, who was rumoured to be a Jew and to have an unfaithful wife, became one of the models for Leopold Bloom, the protagonist of Ulysses . Joyce was a talented tenor and explored becoming

3456-581: Is a famous comment falsely attributed to Winston Churchill who was supposedly describing the "true" traditions of the British Royal Navy . The album cover featured The Raft of the Medusa , with the faces of the characters in Théodore Géricault 's painting replaced with those of the band members. The album shows the band moving away from covers to original material. Shane MacGowan came into his own as

3584-471: Is a form of Celtic fusion . While popular around the world, Celtic punk is often criticized for certain non-Irish bands appropriating and misrepresenting Irish culture (perpetuating ' Plastic Paddy ' stereotypes) with an excessive focus on drinking and fighting. Other folk-punk bands that incorporate traditional folk material, such as The Dreadnoughts and Cordelia's Dad , have expressed disdain at being called 'Celtic punk' despite Celtic material making up

3712-609: Is about the poet and IRA member Brendan Behan . Soon after the break-up Shane MacGowan recorded a song titled Paddy Public Enemy Number One as a tribute to the Republican leader Dominic McGlinchey , a former leader of the INLA killed a few years before. After the Pogues's break-up, the three remaining long-term members (Spider Stacy, Andrew Ranken and Darryl Hunt) played together briefly as The Vendettas. They played mainly new Stacy-penned tracks, though Darryl Hunt also contributed songs, and

3840-602: Is an anglicisation of the Irish phrase póg mo thóin , meaning "kiss my arse". The new group played their first gig at The Pindar of Wakefield on 4 October 1982. By their show on Friday 29 October 1982 at 100 Club in London, Cait O'Riordan (bass) and John Hasler (drums) had joined the band, with Andrew Ranken replacing Hasler on drums in March 1983. Pogue Mahone appeared on Thursday 3 November 1983 at Gossips in Dean Street Soho with Trash Trash Trash and The Stingrays. The band played London pubs and clubs, and released

3968-409: Is largely populated by characters who closely resemble family members, enemies and friends from his time there. Ulysses in particular is set in the streets and alleyways of the city. Joyce is quoted as saying, "For myself, I always write about Dublin, because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I can get to the heart of all the cities of the world. In the particular is contained the universal." Joyce

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4096-689: The Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève . He frequently wrote home claiming ill health due to the water, the cold weather, and his change of diet, appealing for money his family could ill-afford. In April 1903, Joyce learned his mother was dying and immediately returned to Ireland. He would tend to her, reading aloud from drafts that would eventually be worked into his unfinished novel Stephen Hero . During her final days, she unsuccessfully tried to get him to make his confession and to take communion . She died on 13 August. Afterwards, Joyce and Stanislaus refused to kneel with other members of

4224-559: The Catholic University Medical School in Dublin. When the medical school refused to provide a tutoring position to help finance his education, he left Dublin to study medicine in Paris, where he received permission to attend the course for a certificate in physics, chemistry, and biology at the École de Médecine. By the end of January 1903, he had given up plans to study medicine but he stayed in Paris, often reading late in

4352-695: The Christian Brothers O'Connell School on North Richmond Street, Dublin. Joyce's father then had a chance meeting with the Jesuit priest John Conmee , who knew the family. Conmee arranged for Joyce and his brother Stanislaus to attend the Jesuits' Dublin school, Belvedere College , without fees starting in 1893. In 1895, Joyce, now aged 13, was elected by his peers to join the Sodality of Our Lady . Joyce spent five years at Belvedere, his intellectual formation guided by

4480-573: The Dubliners . He returned to Trieste in September with his sister Eva, who helped Nora run the home. Joyce only stayed in Trieste for a month, as he almost immediately came upon the idea of starting a cinema in Dublin, which unlike Trieste had none. He quickly got the backing of some Triestine businessmen and returned to Dublin in October, launching Ireland's first cinema, the Volta Cinematograph . It

4608-535: The Marxist theoretician and revolutionary Vladimir Lenin at the Cafe Odeon, a place they both frequented. Joyce kept up his interest in music. He met Ferruccio Busoni , staged music with Otto Luening , and learned music theory from Philipp Jarnach . Much of what Joyce learned about musical notation and counterpoint found its way into Ulysses , particularly the "Sirens" section. Joyce avoided public discussion of

4736-552: The Register Office in Kensington on 4 July 1931. Joyce stayed in London for at least six months to establish his residency, but abandoned his flat and returned to Paris later in the year when Lucia showed signs of mental illness. He planned to return, but never did and later became disaffected with England. In later years, Joyce lived in Paris but frequently travelled to Switzerland for eye surgery or for treatment for Lucia, who

4864-521: The Sabhal Mòr Ostaig college on the Isle of Skye , Scotland . James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet and literary critic . He contributed to the modernist avant-garde movement and is regarded as one of the most influential and important writers of the 20th century. Joyce's novel Ulysses (1922) is a landmark in which

4992-469: The "Fête du bruit dans Landerneau" festival in Landerneau , Brittany , France . In a December 2015 interview with Vice magazine, when asked whether the band were still active, Shane MacGowan said: "We're not, no", saying that, since their 2001 reunion happened, "I went back with [the] Pogues and we grew to hate each other all over again", adding, "I don't hate the band at all – they're friends. I like them

5120-658: The "Sold on Song" top 100 poll. In 2007 the record was briefly censored by the BBC because of the word "faggot" being deemed potentially offensive to homosexual people. Following protests from listeners, including the mother of Kirsty MacColl, the censorship was lifted. In 1989, the band released Peace and Love , a jazzier record featuring six tracks written by MacGowan, as well as eight tracks written by band members Jem Finer , Terry Woods , Andrew Ranken, and Philip Chevron . As Mark Deming wrote in AllMusic , "It does make clear that MacGowan

5248-442: The 1980s by the Pogues . It is considered part of the broader folk punk genre, although that term is often used in North America for acoustic forms of punk rock rather than a mixture of traditional folk music and punk rock. The typical Celtic punk band includes rock instrumentation as well as traditional instruments such as bagpipes , fiddle , tin whistle , accordion , mandolin , and banjo . Like Celtic rock , Celtic punk

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5376-584: The Artist , but it was rejected by the intellectual journal Dana . He then reworked it into a fictional novel of his youth that he called Stephen Hero that he labored over for years but eventually abandoned. He wrote a satirical poem called "The Holy Office", which parodied W. B. Yeats 's poem "To Ireland in the Coming Times" and once more mocked the Irish Literary Revival. It too was rejected for publication; this time for being "unholy". He wrote

5504-433: The Artist as a Young Man , wrote his only published play Exiles and decided to make Ulysses a full-length novel as he worked through his notes and jottings, working out the characters of Leopold and Molly Bloom in Trieste. Many of the novel's details were taken from Joyce's observation of the city and its people, and some of its stylistic innovations appear to have been influenced by Futurism . There are even words of

5632-528: The Berlitz school. Stanislaus moved in with Joyce as soon as he arrived that October, although most of his salary went directly to supporting Joyce's family. In February 1906, the Joyce household once more shared an apartment with the Francini Brunis. During this period Joyce completing 24 chapters of Stephen Hero and all but the final story of Dubliners , but was unable to get Dubliners published. Although

5760-493: The Cranky George Trio. Philip Chevron reformed his former band The Radiators, which briefly included former Pogue Cait O'Riordan. Terry Woods formed The Bucks with Ron Kavana, releasing the album Dancin' To The Ceili Band in 1994. Later, he formed The Woods Band, releasing the album Music From The Four Corners of Hell in 2002. The band, including MacGowan, re-formed for a Christmas tour in 2001 and performed nine shows in

5888-560: The Dubliners and the Clancy Brothers . The Scottish band the Skids were possibly the first UK punk band to add a strong folk music element, as they did on their 1981 album Joy . Around the same time in London , Shane MacGowan and Spider Stacy began experimenting with a sound that became the Pogues , which most consider to be the prototypical Celtic punk band. Their early sets included

6016-621: The English Players declined in the wake of the Great Influenza epidemic of 1918, though the company continued until 1920. Joyce's work with the English Players involved him in a lawsuit. Henry Wilfred Carr , a wounded war veteran and British consul, accused Joyce of underpaying him for his role in The Importance of Being Earnest . Carr sued for compensation; Joyce countersued for libel. The cases were resolved in 1919, with Joyce winning

6144-515: The Italian-speaking region of Switzerland. However, health problems remained a constant issue. During their time in Zürich, both Joyce and Nora suffered illnesses that were diagnosed as "nervous breakdowns" and he had to undergo many eye surgeries. During the war, Zürich was the centre of a vibrant expatriate community. Joyce's regular evening hangout was the Cafe Pfauen, where he got to know

6272-529: The Lash , produced by Elvis Costello , was released the following year. The Pogues collaborated with the Dubliners on a 1987 arrangement of the folk song " The Irish Rover ", which reached number one in Ireland and number eight in the UK, and later that year released the Christmas single " Fairytale of New York ", which reached number one in Ireland and number two in the UK. A duet with Kirsty MacColl , it features on

6400-429: The London publisher Grant Richards had a contract with Joyce, the printers were unwilling to print passages they found controversial; English law could not protect them if brought to court for circulating indecent language. Richards and Joyce went back and forth trying to find a solution where the book could avoid legal liability while preserving Joyce's artistic integrity. As they negotiated, Richards began to scrutinise

6528-686: The Pogues and will tour the UK and Ireland in 2025. The future members of the Pogues first met when MacGowan (vocals), Peter "Spider" Stacy ( tin whistle ), and Jem Finer (banjo) were together in an occasional band called The Millwall Chainsaws in the late 1970s after MacGowan and Stacy met in the toilets at a Ramones gig at The Roundhouse in London in 1977. MacGowan was already with The Nips , though when they broke up in 1980 he concentrated more on Stacy's Millwall Chainsaws, who changed their name to The New Republicans.. Shane and Stacy performed their first gig as The New Republicans at Richard Strange 's Cabaret Futura in London 's Rupert Street Soho in

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6656-524: The Pogues reformed, Spider continued to write and record music with various bands, including the James Walbourne, Filthy Thieving Bastards , Dropkick Murphys and Astral Social Club . Shane MacGowan founded Shane MacGowan and The Popes in 1992. They released two studio albums and broke up in 2006 once The Pogues' reunion had become official. His autobiography A Drink With Shane MacGowan , co-written with his journalist girlfriend Victoria Mary Clarke,

6784-583: The Stockton Weekender Festival in Stockton-on-Tees , UK to 11 and 12 September 2012 at L'Olympia , Paris, two shows filmed and recorded for a live album and DVD released on 19 November 2012. In March 2013, the Pogues released 30:30: The Essential Collection , a 2-disc set featuring 30 songs along with eleven videos. In October 2013, the Pogues released a box set titled Pogues 30 containing remastered versions of all of their studio albums plus

6912-534: The Suppression of Vice , leading to an official complaint. The trial proceedings continued until February 1921, when both Anderson and Healy, defended by Quinn, were fined $ 50 each for publishing obscenity and ordered to cease publishing Ulysses . Huebsch, who had expressed interest in publishing the novel in the United States, decided against it after the trial. Weaver was unable to find an English printer, and

7040-695: The Triestine dialect in Finnegans Wake . Joyce was introduced to the Greek Orthodox liturgy in Trieste. Under its influence, he rewrote his first short story and would later draw on it in creating the liturgical parodies in Ulysses . In late May 1906, the head of the Berlitz school ran away after embezzling its funds. Artifoni took over the school but let Joyce know that he could only afford to keep one brother on. Tired of Trieste and discouraged that he could not get

7168-489: The UK and Ireland in December 2004. In 2002 Q magazine named the Pogues one of the "50 Bands To See Before You Die". In July 2005, the band – again including MacGowan – played at the annual Guilfest festival in Guildford before flying out to Japan where they played three dates. Japan is the last place they all played together before MacGowan was originally sacked in 1991, and they have a strong following there. The band played

7296-399: The UK and Ireland over the years, and was voted the best Christmas song of all time three years running in 2004, 2005, and 2006 in polls by music channel VH1 UK , despite not achieving Christmas Number One when it was released. It was also voted as the 27th greatest song never to reach UK#1 in another VH1 poll, and also voted as the 84th greatest song of all time by BBC Radio 2 listeners in

7424-522: The Università Popolare on various topics in English literature and applied for a teaching diploma in English at the University of Padua . He performed very well on the qualification tests, but was denied because Italy did not recognise his degree from an Irish university. In 1912, Joyce and his family returned to Dublin briefly in the summer. While there, his three-year-long struggle with Roberts over

7552-420: The academic literature analysing his work is extensive and ongoing. Many writers, film-makers, and other artists have been influenced by his stylistic innovations, such as his meticulous attention to detail, use of interior monologue , wordplay , and the radical transformation of traditional plot and character development. Though most of his adult life was spent abroad, his fictional universe centres on Dublin and

7680-639: The annual Meteor Ireland Music Awards in February 2006. In March 2006, the band played their first US dates with Shane in over 15 years. The band played a series of sold-out concerts in Washington, D.C., Atlantic City , Boston , and New York. Later they played a series of sold-out gigs during mid-October 2006 in San Francisco, Las Vegas , and Los Angeles, and toured Glasgow , Manchester, Birmingham , London, Dublin , and Nottingham in mid-December 2006. They began

7808-440: The arts, as well as on William Shakespeare 's play Hamlet . In May, Joyce was struck by an attack of rheumatic fever , which left him incapacitated for weeks. The illness exacerbated eye problems that plagued him for the rest of his life. While Joyce was still recovering from the attack, Lucia was born on 26 July 1907. During his convalescence, he was able to finish "The Dead", the last story of Dubliners . Although

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7936-423: The band at this period (as throughout their entire career) was the increasingly erratic behaviour of their vocalist and principal songwriter, Shane MacGowan. Their record label, Stiff Records , went bankrupt soon after the 1987 release of the single "The Irish Rover" (with The Dubliners ). Members of the band, including O'Riordan, acted in Alex Cox 's Straight to Hell , and five songs by the band were included on

8064-407: The band from promoting their 1990 album Hell's Ditch , so in 1991 the band sacked him following a chaotic live performance at the WOMAD Festival held in Japan. Vocal duties were for a time handled by Joe Strummer . Spider Stacy took over permanently after Strummer left in the winter of 1991. After Strummer's departure, the remaining seven Pogues recorded in 1993 Waiting for Herb , which contained

8192-633: The band's critically acclaimed and commercially successful third studio album, If I Should Fall from Grace with God (1988), and remains a perennial Christmas favourite in the UK and Ireland. The Pogues recorded two more albums with MacGowan— Peace and Love (1989) and Hell's Ditch (1990)—before sacking him during a 1991 tour as his drug and alcohol dependency increasingly affected their live performances. The Pogues continued after MacGowan's departure, first with Joe Strummer and then longtime band member Spider Stacy as frontmen, releasing new material on Waiting for Herb (1993). They broke up following

8320-435: The band's live set included a few Pogues songs. First Ranken then Hunt left the band, the latter going on to become singer/songwriter in an indie band called Bish, whose self-titled debut album was released in 2001. Ranken later performed with a number of other bands, including Kippers, The Municipal Waterboard and, most recently, The Mysterious Wheels. In addition to The Vendettas, who Stacy freely admits lost all attraction when

8448-432: The band's name, Jensen began referring to the band on air as "The Pogues", which the band subsequently adopted as their name. They released their first album, Red Roses for Me , on Stiff Records that October. The band gained more attention when the UK Channel 4's music show The Tube made a video of their version of " Waxie's Dargle " for the show. The performance, featuring Spider Stacy repeatedly smashing himself over

8576-511: The band's seventh and final studio album, Pogue Mahone . The album was a commercial failure, and, following Jem Finer's decision to leave the band in 1996, the remaining members decided it was time to quit. According to Shane MacGowan, among the reasons of the break-up was disagreement concerning the political orientation of his songs, the band not wanting to sing too obvious pro- Republican songs – though some of their previous songs were already politically engaged: for instance, Streams of Whiskey

8704-404: The band's third and final top twenty single, "Tuesday Morning" which was written and sung by Spider Stacy. Terry Woods and James Fearnley subsequently left the band and were replaced by David Coulter and James McNally respectively. Within months of their departures, ill health forced Phil Chevron to leave the band; he was replaced by his former guitar technician, Jamie Clarke. This line-up recorded

8832-412: The book was not obscene. In 1923, Joyce began his next work, an experimental novel that eventually became Finnegans Wake . It would take sixteen years to complete. At first, Joyce called it Work in Progress , which was the name Ford Madox Ford used in April 1924 when he published its "Mamalujo" episode in his magazine, The Transatlantic Review . In 1926, Eugene and Maria Jolas serialised

8960-603: The character of Leopold Bloom. In London, Elkin Mathews published Chamber Music on the recommendation of the British poet Arthur Symons . Nonetheless, Joyce was dissatisfied with his job, had exhausted his finances, and realised he would need additional support when he learned Nora was pregnant again. He left Rome after only seven months. Joyce returned to Trieste in March 1907, but was unable to find full-time work. He went back to being an English instructor, working part-time for Berlitz and giving private lessons. The author Ettore Schmitz, better known by pen name Italo Svevo ,

9088-496: The city's emigres returned home. In October 1919, Joyce's family moved back to Trieste, but it had changed. The Austro-Hungarian empire had ceased to exist, and Trieste was now an Italian city in post-war recovery. Eight months after his return, Joyce went to Sirmione , Italy, to meet Pound, who made arrangements for him to move to Paris. Joyce and his family packed their belongings and headed for Paris in June 1920. When Joyce and his family arrived in Paris in July 1920, their visit

9216-612: The collection of poems Chamber Music at this time; which was also rejected. He did publish three poems, one in Dana and two in The Speaker , and George William Russell published three of Joyce's short stories in the Irish Homestead . These stories—"The Sisters", "Eveline", and "After the Race"—were the beginnings of Dubliners . In September 1904, Joyce was having difficulties finding

9344-471: The compensation case but losing the one for libel. The incident ended up creating acrimony between the British consulate and Joyce for the rest of his time in Zürich. By 1919, Joyce was in financial straits again. McCormick stopped paying her stipend, partly because he refused to submit to psychoanalysis from Jung, and Zürich had become expensive to live in after the war. Furthermore, he was becoming isolated as

9472-409: The couple had left Ireland, Nora had already become pregnant. Joyce soon became close friends with Alessandro Francini Bruni, the director of the school at Pola, and his wife Clothilde. By the beginning of 1905, both families were living together. Joyce kept writing when he could. He completed a short story for Dubliners , " Clay ", and worked on his novel Stephen Hero . He disliked Pola, calling it

9600-634: The critical and commercial failure of their seventh and last studio album, Pogue Mahone (1996). The band—including MacGowan—re-formed in late 2001 and toured regularly in the UK and Ireland, also performing in the USA and mainland Europe. Following the death of longtime guitarist Philip Chevron in October 2013, the Pogues dissolved the following year. Longtime bassist Darryl Hunt died in August 2022 and MacGowan died in November 2023. Surviving members Spider Stacy , Jem Finer and James Fearnley subsequently re-formed

9728-511: The crowds. Reviewing a March 2008 concert, The Washington Post described MacGowan as "puffy and paunchy," but said the singer "still has a banshee wail to beat Howard Dean 's, and the singer's abrasive growl is all a band this marvelous needs to give its amphetamine-spiked take on Irish folk a focal point". The reviewer continued: "The set started off shaky, MacGowan singing of 'goin' where streams of whiskey are flowin,' and looking like he'd arrived there already. He grew more lucid and powerful as

9856-521: The death of MacGowan, "Fairytale of New York" went to No. 1 in Ireland on 1 December 2023. On 13 December 2023, the Pogues reissued "Fairytale of New York" as a charity 7-inch single in tribute to MacGowan and to benefit the Dublin Simon Community, an organization fighting homelessness that MacGowan had supported. On 3 May 2024, surviving members Finer, Fearnley and Stacy performed Pogues songs with

9984-567: The early months of 1981. Also on the bill that night were Soft Cell . In 1982, James Fearnley ( accordion ), who had been a guitarist with The Nips, joined MacGowan, Stacy, and Finer, forming the band, then known as Pogue Mahone. Fearnley notes that Stacy suggested the band's original name, taken from a sentence in James Joyce 's Ulysses , where the character Buck Mulligan exclaims: " Pogue mahone! Acushla machree! It’s destroyed we are from this day! It’s destroyed we are surely!" "Pogue mahone"

10112-451: The editor Harriet Shaw Weaver , who operated The Egoist , and the psychotherapist Edith Rockefeller McCormick , who lived in Zürich studying under Carl Jung . Weaver financially supported Joyce throughout the entirety of his life and even paid for his funeral. Between 1917 and the beginning of 1919, Joyce was financially secure and lived quite well; the family sometimes stayed in Locarno in

10240-400: The episodes of Homer 's Odyssey are paralleled in a variety of literary styles, particularly stream of consciousness . Other well-known works are the short-story collection Dubliners (1914), and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Finnegans Wake (1939). His other writings include three books of poetry, a play, letters, and occasional journalism. Joyce

10368-454: The evening gathered steam, through two hours and 26 songs, mostly from the Pogues' first three (and best) albums". In December 2010 the Pogues (with support from Crowns ) played what was billed as a farewell UK Christmas tour. In March 2011, the Pogues played a six-city/ten-show sold out US tour titled "A Parting Glass with The Pogues" visiting Chicago, Detroit, Baltimore , Washington, D.C., Boston , and New York City (in that order), with only

10496-434: The family praying at her bedside. John Joyce's drinking and abusiveness increased in the months following her death, and the family began to fall apart. Joyce spent much of his time carousing with Gogarty and his medical school colleagues, and tried to scrape together a living by reviewing books. Joyce's life began to change when he met Nora Barnacle on 10 June 1904. She was a twenty-year-old woman from Galway city , who

10624-482: The fashionable small town of Bray , 12 miles (19 km) from Dublin. Joyce was attacked by a dog around this time, leading to his lifelong fear of dogs . He later developed a fear of thunderstorms , which he acquired through a superstitious aunt who had described them as a sign of God's wrath. In 1891, nine-year-old Joyce wrote the poem " Et Tu , Healy" on the death of Charles Stewart Parnell that his father printed and distributed to friends. The poem expressed

10752-411: The film's soundtrack album. The band remained stable enough to record If I Should Fall from Grace with God with its Christmas hit duet with Kirsty MacColl " Fairytale of New York ". "Fairytale of New York" was released as a single in 1987 and reached No. 1 in the Irish charts and No. 2 in the British charts over Christmas (the time of peak sales). The song has become a festive classic in

10880-486: The first two, but when he was told he had to sight read the third, he refused. Joyce won the third-place medal anyway. After the contest, Palmieri wrote Joyce that Luigi Denza , the composer of the popular song " Funiculì, Funiculà " who was the judge for the contest, spoke highly of his voice and would have given him first place but for the sight-reading and lack of sufficient training. Palmieri even offered to give Joyce free singing lessons afterwards. Joyce refused

11008-402: The genre. They later incorporated influences from other musical traditions, including jazz , flamenco , and Middle Eastern music . Having gained a reputation for their energetic, raucous live shows, the Pogues released their first studio album, Red Roses for Me , in 1984, featuring a mix of traditional Irish songs and original compositions by MacGowan. Their second album, Rum Sodomy &

11136-432: The head with a beer tray, became a favourite with the viewers, but Stiff Records refused to release it as a single, feeling it was too late for it to help Red Roses for Me . Nevertheless, it remained a favourite request for the show for many years. With the aid of producer Elvis Costello , they recorded the follow-up, Rum Sodomy & the Lash , in 1985 during which time guitarist Philip Chevron joined. The album title

11264-577: The intellectual circle of Paris and was integrated into the international modernist artist community. Joyce met Valery Larbaud , who championed Joyce's works to the French and supervised the French translation of Ulysses . Paris became the Joyces' regular residence for twenty years, though they never settled into a single location for long. Joyce finished writing Ulysses near the end of 1921, but had difficulties getting it published. With financial backing from

11392-453: The last three cities getting more than one show. Stacy said "I think we are basically pretty certain this is the last tour of this type we'll be doing in the States. There might be the odd sort of one-off here and there. We're not saying this is absolutely, definitely the end". In August 2012, the Pogues embarked on a 30th Anniversary Summer 2012 8-city European Tour scheduled from 4 August 2012 at

11520-419: The late 1930s. Pound became Joyce's promoter, helping ensure that Joyce's works were both published and publicized. After Pound persuaded Dora Marsden to serially publish A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in the London literary magazine The Egoist , Joyce's pace of writing increased. He completed A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by 1914; resumed Exiles , completing it in 1915; started

11648-574: The lawyer John Quinn , Margaret Anderson and her co-editor Jane Heap had begun serially publishing it in The Little Review in March 1918 but in January and May 1919, two instalments were suppressed as obscene and potentially subversive. In September 1920, an unsolicited instalment of the "Nausicaa" episode was sent to the daughter of a New York attorney associated with the New York Society for

11776-513: The left eye and his right eye functioned poorly. He even had all of his teeth removed because of infection. At one point, Joyce became worried that he could not finish Finnegans Wake , asking the Irish author James Stephens to complete it if something should happen. Joyce's financial problems continued. Although he was now earning a good income from his investments and royalties, his spending habits often left him without available money. Despite these issues, he published Pomes Penyeach in 1927,

11904-447: The lessons, but kept singing in Dublin concerts that year. His performance at a concert given on 27 August may have solidified Nora's devotion to him. Although Joyce did not ultimately pursue a singing career, he would include thousands of musical allusions in his literary works. Throughout 1904, Joyce sought to develop his literary reputation. On 7 January he attempted to publish a prose work examining aesthetics called A Portrait of

12032-577: The model for Buck Mulligan in Ulysses . In November, Joyce wrote an article, The Day of the Rabblement , criticising the Irish Literary Theatre for its unwillingness to produce the works of playwrights like Ibsen, Leo Tolstoy , and Gerhart Hauptmann . He protested against nostalgic Irish populism and argued for an outward-looking, cosmopolitan literature. Because he mentioned Gabriele D'Annunzio 's novel Il fuoco ( The Flame ), which

12160-590: The music, Celtic punk fashion is a mixture of standard punk fashion and traditional Celtic clothing, most notably (and sometimes erronously) tartans . Standard items in Celtic punk fashion include leather jackets, tartans, chains, studs, kilts , and mohawks . The favored tartan among punks in 70s-80s Britain was the Royal Stewart tartan , due to both its widespread availability and perceived anti-establishment connotations. The Scottish Gaelic punk scene can be considered

12288-682: The novel in their magazine, transition . When parts of the novel first came out, some of Joyce's supporters—like Stanislaus, Pound, and Weaver— wrote negatively about it, and it was criticised by writers like Seán Ó Faoláin , Wyndham Lewis , and Rebecca West . In response, Joyce and the Jolases organised the publication of a collection of positive essays titled Our Exagmination Round His Factification for Incamination of Work in Progress , which included writings by Samuel Beckett and William Carlos Williams . An additional purpose of publishing these essays

12416-469: The novel was banned for obscenity in the United Kingdom in 1922, where it was blacklisted until 1936. Almost immediately after Anderson and Healy were ordered to stop printing Ulysses , Beach agreed to publish it through her bookshop. She had books mailed to people in Paris and the United States who had subscribed to get a copy; Weaver mailed books from Beach's plates to subscribers in England. Soon,

12544-501: The novelette Giacomo Joyce , which he eventually abandoned; and began drafting Ulysses . In August 1914, World War I broke out. Although Joyce and Stanislaus were subjects of the United Kingdom, which was now at war with Austria-Hungary, they remained in Trieste. Even when Stanislaus, who had publicly expressed his sympathy for the Triestine irredentists, was interned at the beginning of January 1915, Joyce chose to stay. In May 1915, Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary, and less than

12672-555: The postal officials of both countries began confiscating the books. They were then smuggled into both countries. Because the work had no copyright in the United States at this time, "bootleg" versions appeared, including pirate versions from publisher Samuel Roth , who only ceased his actions in 1928 when a court enjoined publication. Ulysses was not legally published in the United States until 1934 after Judge John M. Woolsey ruled in United States v. One Book Called Ulysses that

12800-479: The previous week) on the Jonathan Ross Christmas show with Katie Melua filling in for the late Kirsty MacColl , the first time the band had played the song live on television. The following week they performed live on the music show CD:UK . Shane MacGowan wrote an article for The Guardian in 2006, detailing his thoughts on the current tour. The band was awarded the lifetime achievement award at

12928-489: The principles of Jesuit education laid down in the Ratio Studiorum ( Plan of Studies ). He displayed his writing talent by winning first place for English composition in his final two years before graduating in 1898. Joyce enrolled at University College in 1898 to study English, French and Italian. While there, he was exposed to the scholasticism of Thomas Aquinas , which had a strong influence on his thought for

13056-462: The printers, but the entire novel was published by B. W. Huebsch in 1916. In 1918, Pound got a commitment from Margaret Caroline Anderson , the owner and editor of the New York-based literary magazine The Little Review , to publish Ulysses serially. Joyce co-founded an acting company, the English Players, and became its business manager. The company was pitched to the British government as

13184-437: The publication of Dubliners came to an end as Roberts refused to publish the book due to concerns of libel. Roberts had the printed sheets destroyed, though Joyce was able to obtain a copy of the proof sheets. When Joyce returned to Trieste, he wrote an invective against Roberts, "Gas from a Burner". He never went to Dublin again. Joyce's fortunes changed for the better in 1913 when Richards agreed to publish Dubliners . It

13312-554: The rest of his life. He participated in many of Dublin's theatrical and literary circles. His closest colleagues included leading Irish figures of his generation, most notably, George Clancy , Tom Kettle and Francis Sheehy-Skeffington . Many of the acquaintances he made at this time appeared in his work. His first publication—a laudatory review of Henrik Ibsen 's When We Dead Awaken —was printed in The Fortnightly Review in 1900. Inspired by Ibsen's works, Joyce sent him

13440-432: The rise of fascism and antisemitism. As early as 1938, Joyce was involved in helping a number of Jews escape Nazi persecution. After the fall of France in 1940, Joyce and his family fled from Nazi occupation , returning to Zürich a final time. On 11 January 1941, Joyce underwent surgery in Zürich for a perforated duodenal ulcer . He fell into a coma the following day. He awoke at 2 am on 13 January 1941, and asked

13568-785: The sentiments of the elder Joyce, who was angry at Parnell's apparent betrayal by the Irish Catholic Church , the Irish Parliamentary Party , and the British Liberal Party that resulted in a collaborative failure to secure Irish Home Rule in the British Parliament . This sense of betrayal, particularly by the church, left a lasting impression that Joyce expressed in his life and art. That year, his family began to slide into poverty, worsened by his father's drinking and financial mismanagement. John Joyce's name

13696-480: The stories more carefully. He became concerned that the book might damage his publishing house's reputation and eventually backed down from his agreement. Trieste was Joyce's main residence until 1920. Although he would temporarily stay in Rome, travel to Dublin and emigrating to Zürich during World War I— it became a second Dublin for him and played an important role in his development as a writer. He completed Dubliners, reworked Stephen Hero into A Portrait of

13824-563: The strong artistic and commercial success of their second album. They first refused to record another album (offering up the four-track EP Poguetry in Motion instead); O'Riordan married Costello and left the band, to be replaced by bassist Darryl Hunt , formerly of Plummet Airlines and Pride of the Cross; and they added a multi-instrumentalist in Terry Woods , formerly of Steeleye Span . Looming over

13952-476: The war's politics and maintained strict neutrality. He made few comments about the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland; although he was sympathetic to the Irish independence movement, he disagreed with its violence. He stayed intently focused on Ulysses and the ongoing struggle to get his work published. Some of the serial instalments of "The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" in The Egoist had been censored by

14080-597: The war, he briefly returned to Trieste and then moved to Paris in 1920, which became his primary residence until 1940. Ulysses was first published in Paris in 1922, but its publication in the United Kingdom and the United States was prohibited because of its perceived obscenity. Copies were smuggled into both countries and pirated versions were printed until the mid-1930s, when publication finally became legal. Joyce started his next major work, Finnegans Wake , in 1923, publishing it sixteen years later in 1939. Between these years, Joyce travelled widely. He and Nora were married in

14208-507: The war, he was kept under surveillance by both the British and Austro-Hungarian secret services. Joyce's first concern was earning a living. One of Nora's relatives sent them a small sum to cover the first few months. Pound and Yeats worked with the British government to provide a stipend from the Royal Literary Fund in 1915 and a grant from the British civil list the following year. Eventually, Joyce received large regular sums from

14336-763: Was a vacancy at the Berlitz Language School , but when he arrived there was no position. The couple stayed in Zürich for a little over a week. The director of the school sent Joyce on to Trieste , which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the First World War. There was no vacancy there either. The director of the school in Trieste, Almidano Artifoni, secured a position for him in Pola , then Austria-Hungary's major naval base, where he mainly taught English to naval officers. Less than one month after

14464-485: Was another of Joyce's students. He helped Joyce financially by commissioning him to write for the newspaper. Joyce quickly produced three articles aimed toward the Italian irredentists in Trieste. He indirectly paralleled their desire for independence from Austria-Hungary with the struggle of the Irish from British rule. Joyce earned additional money by giving a series of lectures at Trieste's Università Popolare on Ireland and

14592-1018: Was born in Dublin into a middle-class family. He attended the Jesuit Clongowes Wood College in County Kildare, then, briefly, the Christian Brothers–run O'Connell School . Despite the chaotic family life imposed by his father's unpredictable finances, he excelled at the Jesuit Belvedere College and graduated from University College Dublin in 1902. In 1904, he met his future wife, Nora Barnacle , and they moved to mainland Europe. He briefly worked in Pula and then moved to Trieste in Austria-Hungary , working as an English instructor. Except for an eight-month stay in Rome working as

14720-688: Was born on 2 February 1882 at 41 Brighton Square, Rathgar , Dublin , Ireland, to John Stanislaus Joyce and Mary Jane "May" ( née Murray). He was the eldest of ten surviving siblings. He was baptised with the name James Augustine Joyce according to the rites of the Roman Catholic Church in the nearby St Joseph's Church in Terenure on 5 February 1882 by Rev. John O'Mulloy. His godparents were Philip and Ellen McCann. John Stanislaus Joyce's family came from Fermoy in County Cork , where they owned

14848-447: Was diagnosed with schizophrenia . Lucia was analysed by Carl Jung, who had previously written that Ulysses was similar to schizophrenic writing. Jung suggested that she and her father were two people going into a river, except that Joyce was diving and Lucia was falling. In spite of Joyce's attempts to help Lucia, she remained permanently institutionalised after his death. In the late 1930s, Joyce became increasingly concerned about

14976-431: Was hardly the only talented songwriter in the band – though the fact that the set's most memorable songs were written by others did not bode well for the group's future." The band was at the peak of its commercial success, with both albums making the top 5 in the UK (numbers 3 and 5 respectively), but MacGowan was increasingly unreliable. He failed to turn up for the opening dates of their 1988 tour of America, and prevented

15104-502: Was initially well-received, but fell apart after Joyce left. He returned to Trieste in January 1910 with another sister, Eileen. From 1910 to 1912, Joyce still lacked a reliable income. This brought his conflicts with Stanislaus, who was frustrated with lending him money, to their peak. In 1912, Prezioso arranged for him to lecture on Hamlet for the Minerva Society between November 1912 and February 1913. Joyce once more lectured at

15232-453: Was intended to be a layover on their way to London. For the first four months, he stayed with Ludmila Savitzky  [ fr ] and met Sylvia Beach , who ran the Rive Gauche bookshop, Shakespeare and Company . Beach quickly became an important person in Joyce's life, providing financial support, and becoming one of Joyce's publishers. Through Beach and Pound, Joyce quickly joined

15360-518: Was issued on 15 June 1914, eight and a half years since Joyce had first submitted it to him. Around the same time, he found an unexpected advocate in Ezra Pound , who was living in London. On the advice of Yeats, Pound wrote to Joyce asking if he could include a poem from Chamber Music , "I Hear an Army Charging upon the Land" in the journal Des Imagistes . They struck up a correspondence that lasted until

15488-560: Was on the Roman Catholic list of prohibited books , his college magazine refused to print it. Joyce and Sheehy-Skeffington—who had also had an article rejected—had their essays jointly printed and distributed. Arthur Griffith decried the censorship of Joyce's work in his newspaper United Irishman . Joyce graduated from the Royal University of Ireland in October 1902. He considered studying medicine and began attending lectures at

15616-439: Was one of his students. Svevo was a Catholic of Jewish origin who became one of the models for Leopold Bloom. Joyce learned much of what he knew about Judaism from him. The two became lasting friends and mutual critics. Svevo supported Joyce's identity as an author, helping him work through his writer's block with A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man . Roberto Prezioso, editor of the Italian newspaper Piccolo della Sera ,

15744-478: Was published in Stubbs' Gazette , a blacklist of debtors and bankrupts, in November 1891, and he was temporarily suspended from work. In January 1893, he was dismissed with a reduced pension. Joyce began his education in 1888 at Clongowes Wood College , a Jesuit boarding school near Clane , County Kildare, but had to leave in 1891 when his father could no longer pay the fees. He studied at home and briefly attended

15872-430: Was released in 2001. Jem Finer went into experimental music, playing a big part in a project known as " Longplayer ", a piece of music designed to play continuously for 1,000 years without repeating itself. In 2005, Finer released the album Bum Steer with DB Bob (as DM Bob and Country Jem). James Fearnley moved to the United States shortly before leaving the Pogues. He was a member of The Low And Sweet Orchestra and later

16000-481: Was the birthplace of the idea for " The Dead ", which would become the final story of Dubliners , and for Ulysses , which was originally conceived as a short story. His stay in the city was one of his inspirations for Exiles . While there, he read the socialist historian Guglielmo Ferrero in depth. Ferrero's anti-heroic interpretations of history, arguments against militarism, and conflicted attitudes toward Jews would find their way into Ulysses , particularly in

16128-422: Was to market Work in Progress to a larger audience. Joyce publicly revealed the novel's title as Finnegans Wake in 1939, the same year he completed it. It was published in London by Faber and Faber with the assistance of T. S. Eliot. Joyce's health problems afflicted him throughout his Paris years. He had over a dozen eye operations, but his vision severely declined. By 1930, he was practically blind in

16256-546: Was unable to find one, so he submitted it to a Dublin publisher, Maunsel and Company, owned by George Roberts . In July 1909, Joyce received a year's advance payment from one of his students and returned to Ireland to introduce Giorgio to both sides of the family, his own in Dublin and Nora's in Galway. He unsuccessfully applied for the position of Chair of Italian at his alma mater , which had become University College Dublin. He met with Roberts, who seemed positive about publishing

16384-514: Was working in Dublin as a chambermaid. They had their first outing together on 16 June 1904, walking through the Dublin suburb of Ringsend , where Nora masturbated him. This event was commemorated as the date for the action of Ulysses , known in popular culture as " Bloomsday " in honour of the novel's main character Leopold Bloom . This began a relationship that continued for thirty-seven years until Joyce died. Soon after this outing, Joyce, who had been carousing with his colleagues, approached

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