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46-479: Plav may refer to places: Montenegro [ edit ] Plav, Montenegro , a town Plav Municipality , a municipality Plav (župa) , historical administrative area Lake Plav Czech Republic [ edit ] Plav (České Budějovice District) , a municipality and village [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with

92-511: A campaign against the rebel tribes of Montenegro. In response, Piperi along with the tribes of Kuči, Bjelopavlići, Vasojevići, Kastrat , Kelmend , Shkrel and Hot formed a political and military union known as “The Union of the Mountains” or “The Albanian Mountains”. In their shared assemblies, the leaders swore an oath of besa to resist with all their might any upcoming Ottoman expeditions, thereby protecting their self-government and disallowing

138-611: A case of an Albanian-speaking population shifting to a Slavic-speaking one. The dialect of Albanian that Plav speaks is northwestern Gheg at the west of Plav, and northeastern Gheg at the east of Plav. In the area of the Plav municipality there are 13 sports clubs and societies that are actively engaged in sports and competitions. Some are in the First Montenegrin league and some in the Second Montenegrin league. Sport clubs: Plav

184-542: A letter sent by the Clan federation to Russia from 1789. Documents, especially the letter of Ivan Radonjić from 1789, show that Montenegrins were then identified as Serbs, while the Banjani, Kuči, Piperi, Bjelopavlići, Zećani, Vasojevići, Bratonožići were not identified as "Montenegrins" but only as Serb tribes . They were all mentioned only in a regional, geographical, and tribal manner, and never as an ethnic category. However, since

230-551: A successful campaign against the bey of Bosnia in 1819; the repulse of an Ottoman invasion from Albania during the Russo-Turkish War led to the recognition of Montenegrin sovereignty over Piperi. Petar I had managed to unite the Piperi and Bjelopavlići with Old Montenegro. A civil war broke out in 1847, in which the Piperi, Kuči, Bjelopavlići and Crmnica sought to confront the growing centralized power of new prince of Montenegro;

276-570: Is a town located in the Northern Region of Montenegro , situated along the Lim River , which originates from nearby Lake Plav , a glacial lake at the foot of the Prokletije mountains . It has a population of 3,717 (2011 census). Plav is the centre of Plav Municipality with a population of 9,050. The name Plav (Плав) is derived from Slavic plav , "a flooded place" ( poplava , "flood"). Plav

322-430: Is administrative centre of Plav Municipality , which in 2023 had a population of 9,050. The town of Plav itself has 3,717 citizens. Town The ethnic composition of the municipality in the 2023 census was as follows: 65.64% Bosniaks , 17.08% Serbs , 9.43% Albanians , 4.11% Montenegrins , and 2.61% ethnic Muslims . A total of 1.13% of the population are part of other ethnic groups. Religion in Plav (2023) Islam

368-484: Is located at the foot of the Accursed Mountains range, adjacent to the springs of the river Lim . The area contains many lakes and the most known is Lake Plav , one of the largest in this region. The lakes Hrid and Visitor are mountain lakes, and Visitor is noted for its floating island . Plav is also renowned for its karst wells, among which are Ali Pasha of Gucia Springs and Oko Skakavica. Villages in

414-481: Is not a tribe ( pleme ) of common patrilineal ancestry. It formed in the period between the mid 15th century and the 16th century by communities that settled in different periods in Piperi, where they also found an already settled population. What might be the earliest references to the Piperi are the mentions of individuals bearing the surname Piper(i) , the first being Vlado Piper , in Ragusan sources dating from 1285,

460-470: Is the predominant religion, particularly among the Bosniak and Albanian communities, while Orthodox Christianity is also practiced, mainly by ethnic Montenegrins and Serbs. Plav is twinned with: Piperi (tribe) Originally an Albanian tribe ( Albanian : Pipri ), the Piperi underwent a process of gradual cultural integration into the neighbouring Slavic population. A Franciscan report of

506-641: The July 1941 uprising . One of the most famous Piperi communists was Dr. Vukasin Markovic, a personal associate to Lenin, who came back after the October revolution from Russia to Montenegro, planning to stage a Soviet revolution. After its failure and his arrest, he fled to the USSR, where he assumed party duties. From the 19th century onwards, oral traditions and fragmentary stories were collected by writers and scholars who travelled in

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552-758: The League of Prizren and their victory against Montenegrin troops at Battle of Novšiće (1879) prevented the implementation. Ottomans had to cede Ulcinj to Montenegro after pressure from the Great Powers in 1881. Plav only became part of Montenegro after the First Balkan War in 1912. The entry of the Montenegrin army in 1912-13 and the Yugoslav army after 1919 in Plav-Gusinje was accompanied by repressive policies against

598-723: The Piperi , Kuči , Kelmendi , and Palabardhi . After the Venetian nobleman Mariano Bolizza in Cattaro (Kotor), who wrote the Relazione e descrizione del sangiacato di Scutari ("Relations and Description of the Sanjak of Scutari") in 1614 Plav was mostly inhabited by Albanians under the command of Sem Zaus (Cem Çaushi) of Podgorica. The two strongest feudal families in the Plav - Gusinje region (~90 km to

644-528: The Serbian Despotate in the 15th century, one nobleman called Gojko , with his family, left southern Serbia and came to Morača . Four major brotherhoods of the Piperi are said to stem from him: the Đurkovići, Lazarevići, Petrovići and Vukotići. Erdeljanović identified that the oral tradition originated from the Lutovci , the most important part of the tribe, and concluded that they were newcomers who stelled in

690-607: The 17th century illustrates the final stages of their acculturation. Its author writes that the Bratonožići , Piperi, Bjelopavlići and Kuči :" nulla di meno essegno quasi tutti del rito serviano, e di lingua Illrica ponno piu presto dirsi Schiavoni, ch' Albanesi " (since almost all of them use the Serbian rite and the Illyric (Slavic) language, soon they should be called Slavs, rather than Albanians). Historical research has shown that Piperi

736-611: The Herzegovinian frontier, provoking the mountaineers. Some urged an attack on Bar , others raided into Herzegovina, and the discontent of Danilo's subjects grew so much that the Piperi, Kuči and Bjelopavlići, the recent and still unamalgamated acquisitions, proclaimed themselves an independent state in July, 1854. Danilo was forced to take measurement against the rebels in Brda, some crossed into Turkish territory and some submitted and were to pay for

782-558: The Kastrat and Hot families from Kastrati and Hoti respectively. In 1675 Evliya Çelebi who visited Plav during this time, described it as a "lively Albanian town". In 1878, following the Treaty of Berlin , the city of Plav was ceded to Montenegro by the Ottoman Empire despite being considered by Albanian leaders as Albanian territory. Soon after however, armed resistance by the forces of

828-506: The Lužani whom they had joined by that time in historical record. The toponym Macur jama (pit of Macura ) in today's Piperi is linked to them. A part of the people of Piperi have retained in their traditions that before becoming Orthodox they were Catholics. In 1614, Mariano Bolizza recorded that the Piperi had a total of 270 houses, of Serbian Orthodox faith . In 1613, the Ottomans launched

874-473: The Plav nahiyah within the Sanjak of Scutari with 18 villages; according to historian Milan Vasić all inhabitants had personal names with a Slavic character, and no Muslim name was present. According to a 16th-century travel record by Antonio Bruni , the inhabitants of the Plav region are partly Albanian and partly Serbian, with a large proportion belonging to historical Albanian and Montenegrin tribes such as

920-506: The Plav, Gusinje and Rožaje districts, fighting against the inclusion of Sandžak in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . As a result, during the Serbian army's second occupation of Plav, which took place in 1919, Serb forces attacked Albanian populations in Plav and Gusinje, which had appealed to the British government for protection. About 450 local civilians were killed after the uprising

966-529: The Venetians on the island of Vranjina . Following the Ottoman conquest of Upper Zeta in 1474 and the subsequent fall of Scutari in 1479, the Piperi are mentioned as a distinct nahiya in the 1485 defter of the newly created Sanjak of Scutari . There area then consisted in 21 villages, two of which were deserted, with a total of 226 households. This number almost doubled in the supplementary defter of 1497, where

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1012-592: The annexation of Montenegro, and instead supported an independent Montenegro. The Greens instigated the Christmas Uprising on January 7, 1919, which was crushed by Serbian troops. During World War II the majority of the tribe supported the Yugoslav Partisans . The Montenegrin committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party was dominated by Piperi clansmen prior to the war, and they were instigators of

1058-607: The area after the fall of the Despotate . Erdeljanović also stated that the four main bratstva (brotherhoods) from the Rogami region , the Rajkovići, Stamatovići, Vučinići and Vukanovići, had become pobratim ( blood brothers ) and that they all celebrate the slava of Archangel Michael . In terms of traditional customs, up to the end of the 19th century, traces of a variant of the northern Albanian kanuns remained in use in Piperi. In

1104-581: The area. The Ferri (Ferović), Kërcaj (Krcić), Kuçi (Kuč), Medunaj (Medunanjin), Shabaj (Šabović), Toskaj (Toskić) descend from Kuči/Kuçi ; the Canaj (Canović), Musajt (Musić), Rekaj (Reković), Mekuli (Mekulović) and Rugova (Rugovac) descend from Kelmendi ; the Shahmanaj (Šahmanović) from Triesh ; the Begani (Beganović), Kasumi (Kasumović), Shalunaj (Šaljunović) from Shala ; Basha (Bašić) and Hoxhaj (Hodžić) from Berisha ;

1150-469: The civil war they had caused. Petar II Petrović-Njegoš founded the police force ( gvardija ) throughout the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro , as part of his transformation from a tribal federation to a proper state; 26 existed in Piperi. The Piperi were one of the tribes that constituted the " Greens " ( Zelenaši ), a political faction that saw the unification of Montenegro to Serbia in 1918, as

1196-695: The defter, those were Katun Bukumir , Katun Bušat ( Bushat ) and Katun Drenovica. All three katuns were located in the Bratonožići area. The Slavic/Serb anthroponymy at that time in Piperi is mainly attributed to the Lužani , while the Albanian anthroponymy to Bukumiri, Bushati and some smaller communities. Other communities like the Macure and the Mataruge had also settled in Piperi. Their traces can be identified mainly within

1242-685: The establishment of the authority of the Ottoman Spahis in the northern highlands. Their uprising had a liberating character. The 700 men in arms were commanded by Radoslav Božidarov. Giovanni Bembo , the Doge of Venice (1615–1618), had defeated the Serb pirates ( Uskoks ), whom the Austrians had employed against the Republic of Venice ; they were forced to take refuge at Nikšić and Piperi, and established themselves in

1288-510: The first direct mention of the Piperi as a community dates to 1444, in a Ragusan Senate report filed by Ragusan merchants. There, they appear as one of the katuns who, together with the Bjelopavlići and Vasojevići , attacked Ragusan merchants and did some material damage to them near the village of Rječica (now Lijeva Rijeka ). In 1455, the Piperi katun is mentioned as part of other katuns and villages from Zeta who signed an agreement with

1334-472: The first half of 20th century, Marie Amelie von Godin , while travelling in Montenegro, reported traces of bilingualism in the area of Piperi. According to her reports, although Albanian was no longer spoken in the area, some laments and oaths were still being sung and recited in Albanian. In the 18th century, they were mentioned as a "Serbian Orthodox clan" in a historical and geographical survey from 1757 and

1380-427: The local population. The Montenegrin army captured the region and entered Plav on 19 October and 20 October. Its entry was followed by a period of harsh military administration which until March 1913 had caused up to more than 1,800 killings of mostly local Muslim Albanians and 12,000 forced conversions to Christian Orthodoxy. In 1919, an Albanian revolt, which later came to be known as the Plav rebellion rose up in

1426-492: The municipality include Gusinje. The toponym Hotina Gora (mountains of Hoti) in the Plav and Gusinje regions on the Lim river basin in 1330 is the first mention of the Hoti name in historical records in the chrysobulls of Dečani. Šufflay considers this region as the original area of settlement of Hoti from which they moved southwards. The Ottoman census organised in 1582-83 registered

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1472-459: The nahiya of Piperi consisted in 427 households. This indicates that many of the newcomers were refugees from areas conquered in Montenegro and northern Albania. In the defter of 1497, there are several kin groups in the region of Piperi, which appears as a distinct nahiya divided in three timars under local Christian Ottoman spahis . Many communities of the villages of Piperi were categorized as already settled or newcomers from other areas. In

1518-564: The northeast of Gruemirë) trace their origin to Gruemiri . The Rexhepagaj of Plav, Montenegro (now, Redžepagić-Rexhepagiqi) moved to Plav in the beginning of the 1650s where their ancestor took the Muslim name Veli when he converted. Rexhep Aga who gave the name to the family was a great-great-grandson of Veli. The Shabanagaj (now also known as Šabanagić) were related via marriage with the Bushati family of Shkodra . Shaban Aga, their eponymous ancestor

1564-404: The region, about the early history of Piperi. An interdisciplinary and comparative approach of those stories with recorded historical material has yielded more historically-grounded accounts in 20th and 21st centuries. Johann Georg von Hahn recorded the oral tradition about Piperi's origins in the mid 19th century. The same oral tradition with minor variations is preserved in other communities of

1610-451: The region. According to it the first direct male ancestor was a certain Keq , a Catholic Albanian who fled from Ottoman conquest and settled in a Slavic-speaking area that would become the historical Piperi region. His sons, Lazër Keqi (ancestor of Hoti), Ban Keqi (ancestor of Triepshi ), Merkota Keqi , Kaster Keqi (ancestor of Krasniqi ) and Vas Keqi (ancestor of Vasojevići) had to abandon

1656-457: The report, while the Piperi and Bjelopavlići had first submitted and provided sustenance to the Ottoman forces under Vučo Mehmed Pasha on his campaign against the Kelmendi, the former later rose again in rebellion following the Ottoman retreat from Kelmend. In response to this, Vučo Mehmed Pasha led a raid into Piperi in which the women and children were taken as prisoners of war, the head of the tribe

1702-505: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plav&oldid=1181034951 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Plav, Montenegro Plav ( Montenegrin : Плав ; Albanian : Plavë )

1748-462: The secessionists were subdued and their ringleaders shot. Amid the Crimean War , there was a political problem in Montenegro; Danilo I 's uncle, George , urged for yet another war against the Ottomans, but the Austrians advised Danilo not to take arms. A conspiracy was formed against Danilo, led by his uncles George and Pero , the situation came to its height when the Ottomans stationed troops along

1794-506: The second being Radoslav Mihailo Piper , in the archives of Kotor from 1398, as well as three household heads recorded in the Venetian cadastre of 1416-7 for Scutari and its environs: Andrea and Jon Piperi from Trush ( Trompsi ), and Calozorzi Piperi from Dhozan located near Trush. While several other people with the surname Piper appear in the Kotor records from the 15th century,

1840-462: The village after committing murder against the locals, but Keq and his younger son Piper Keqi remained there and Piper Keqi became the direct ancestor of the Piperi tribe. The name of the first ancestor, Keq , which means bad in Albanian, is given in Malësia to only children or to children from families with very few children (due to infant mortality). In those families, an "ugly" name ( i çudun )

1886-507: The villages and tribes, under the later leadership of the Petrović-Njegoš family that held the office of Serbian Orthodox Metropolitan of Cetinje (later Vladika , Prince-Bishop) after 1694. They fought Osman Pasha in 1732 and Mahmut Pasha in 1788. The Piperi are recorded in an Ottoman historical report of Mustafa Naima as among the Albanian communities which rose in rebellion against the Ottoman authorities between 1637-8. According to

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1932-465: The villages, the communities formed clusters of households according to their kinship ties. This separation of settlements by kinship persisted even in the early 20th century. The settlements of Piperi in 1497 were Luška Župa (now Crnci ), Drezga, Zavala, Dobriko, Mrke , Hrasnica, Bjelice, Duga, Brestica (river near Spuž ), Rječica, Strahalić, Moračica, Radušev Do and Drenovica. Some villages were part of distinct communities, identified as katuns within

1978-464: Was beheaded, and another from the leadership of the tribe named Hotash (or Hutash ) was taken as a prisoner to be executed for his crimes against the empire. The report describes the population of the nahiyah of Piperi as Albanian. In 1796 they fought Mahmut Pasha again, in the Battle of Martinići (in modern Danilovgrad ). They fought Tahir Pasha around 1810. Prince-Bishop Petar I (r. 1782-1830) waged

2024-410: Was given as a spoken talisman to protect the child from the " evil eye . About half a century later, the ethnologist Jovan Erdeljanović travelled to the region and made multiple surveys of the tribe in which he recorded many of its customs and traditions. He also collected stories from the members of the tribe, regarding its origins and brotherhoods. According to the oral tradition, after the fall of

2070-441: Was quelled. These events resulted in a large influx of Albanians migrating to Albania . Plav is almost entirely Muslim and either Slavic-speaking or Albanian-speaking. The Slavic dialect of Gusinje and Plav shows very high structural influence from Albanian. Its uniqueness in terms of language contact between Albanian and Slavic is explained by the fact that most Slavic-speakers in today's Plav are of Albanian origin, representing

2116-585: Was the son-in-law of Sulejman Pasha Bushati , sanjakbey of Shkodra. He was sent in Gusinje as the commander of the fortress around 1690. The Shabanagaj family owned large estates in Berane . Ali Pasha of Gusinje , commander of the League of Prizren was a Shabanagaj and Jashar Rexhepagiq , pedagogue in Kosovo, was a Rexhepagaj. Many other families in Plav also trace their origin to different historical tribes who migrated to

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