A Ferris wheel (also called a Big Wheel , Giant Wheel or an observation wheel ) is an amusement ride consisting of a rotating upright wheel with multiple passenger-carrying components (commonly referred to as passenger cars, cabins, tubs, gondolas, capsules, or pods) attached to the rim in such a way that as the wheel turns, they are kept upright, usually by gravity . Some of the largest modern Ferris wheels have cars mounted on the outside of the rim, with electric motors to independently rotate each car to keep it upright. These cars are often referred to as capsules or pods.
121-627: Pixar Pal-A-Round (formerly known as the Sun Wheel and Mickey's Fun Wheel ) is a 150-foot-tall (46 m) eccentric wheel at Disney California Adventure , at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California . The attraction opened to the public on February 8, 2001, at Paradise Pier as the Sun Wheel . Inspired by Wonder Wheel at Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park , Coney Island , which also features both sliding and fixed gondolas, Pixar Pal-A-Round has
242-437: A 12-year old Riley has adapted to her new home, made new friends, and acquired new hobbies. Inside Headquarters, Riley's emotions admire her new personality islands, powered by core memories that contain a mixture of emotions, and are given an expanded console that has enough room for them to work as a team. Although they admit slight concern over a large red alarm marked puberty , they forget about it. Development of Inside Out
363-652: A Roman traveller who sent letters from Constantinople , Persia, and India, attended a Ramadan festival in Constantinople. He describes the fireworks, floats, and great swings, then comments on riding the Great Wheel: I was delighted to find myself swept upwards and downwards at such speed. But the wheel turned round so rapidly that a Greek who was sitting near me couldn't bear it any longer, and shouted out "soni! soni!" (enough! enough!) Similar wheels also appeared in England in
484-408: A brick, Joy as a star, Sadness as a tear, and Fear as a nerve. Sadness's appearance was eventually changed to that of Debbie Downer . Lozano planned to dress Sadness in pajamas to highlight her depression. Disgust's and Anger's approaches were respectively based on April Ludgate and Hades from Hercules (1997). To avoid similarities to Tinker Bell , Joy was given a green dress and her hair color
605-491: A cantilever arm. The cantilever arm was supported in the middle by a tall vertical support, and the cantilever arm itself rotated around its middle pivot point. The design was similar to the earlier Aeriocycle, but the double wheel patented by Courtney allowed the cantilever arm to make a complete rotation, while the Aeriocycle was limited to a seesaw motion. Courtney continued to file additional patents on improved designs through
726-519: A contribution of Joy's characterization. Kind modeled Bing Bong's personality and appearance on Oliver Hardy , Jimmy Durante , and John Candy , especially Candy's performance in Planes, Trains, and Automobiles (1987). Bill Hader and the filmmakers visited the set of SNL in New York City, where his immediate casting as Fear was assumed until his stay ended. Hader contacted Poehler and said his role
847-405: A film titled Inside Out . Pourshian's suit was approved by an Ontario court in 2021. The outcomes of these lawsuits is unknown and Daniels' was rejected. According to Film and Philosophy , a philosophical journal, Inside Out is one of the best animated films ever made. Various publications, such as IndieWire and The A.V. Club , have referred to Inside Out as a standout entry in
968-643: A firm that tested and inspected metals for railroads and bridge builders. The wheel rotated on a 71- ton , 45.5-foot (13.9 m) axle comprising what was at that time the world's largest hollow forging, manufactured in Pittsburgh by the Bethlehem Iron Company and weighing 89,320 pounds (40,510 kg), together with two 16-foot-diameter (4.9 m) cast-iron spiders weighing 53,031 pounds (24,054 kg). There were 36 cars, each fitted with 40 revolving chairs and able to accommodate up to 60 people, giving
1089-525: A large number of these projects have stalled or failed. Incomplete, delayed, stalled, cancelled, failed, or abandoned proposals: Nippon Moon, described as a "giant observation wheel" by its designers, was reported in September 2013 to be "currently in development". At that time, its height was "currently undisclosed", but "almost twice the scale of the wheel in London". Its location, an unspecified Japanese city,
1210-489: A large pie-eyed Mickey Mouse face at its center. From 2001 to 2008, the attraction featured a sun face on the front along with a yellow color scheme. In 2008, the attraction was rethemed as the Mickey's Fun Wheel , which opened on May 4, 2009. The sun was replaced with a Mickey Mouse face, and images of Mickey, Goofy , Donald Duck , Pluto , and Minnie Mouse were added to the gondolas. On November 2, 2017, Disney announced that
1331-488: A more intense experience, and motion sickness bags are provided in each gondola due to the disorienting nature of the ride. The other eight gondolas are fixed to the rim of the wheel and do not slide. Guests may choose to ride in sliding or fixed gondolas, each of which can carry eight people. Pixar Pal-A-Round features a Mickey Mouse head, but with gondolas themed after Pixar films such as Finding Nemo , The Incredibles , Inside Out , and Coco . From 2009 to 2018,
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#17328581727131452-455: A peak of approximately 80 feet (24 m). The height and popularity of the Sky Wheel was eclipsed by larger single wheels in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and it has since largely disappeared from common use. As of 2018 , there are four known Sky Wheels that remain in operation. In March 1966, Thomas Glen Robinson and Ralph G. Robinson received a patent for a Planetary Amusement Ride, which
1573-511: A platformer-type Inside Out playset featuring all five emotion characters as playable characters. A mobile Puzzle Bobble -style game titled Inside Out: Thought Bubbles was released. The 95-minute film Inside Out debuted in a competition at the 68th Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2015, followed by a premiere on June 8 at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles . In
1694-541: A return to form for Pixar. Peter Debruge ( Variety ), Kenneth Turan ( Los Angeles Times ), and Todd McCarthy ( The Hollywood Reporter ) praised the film. Debruge and Turan described it as Pixar's best, calling it "sophisticated" and "audacious". Turan and Richard Brody ( The New Yorker ) cited the film's engaging visuals, its message about the value of emotions, and the depiction of Riley's imagination, and Debruge and Anthony Lane ( The New Yorker ) praised its originality. Vulture 's David Edelstein said
1815-601: A role in an animated film. Once Smith got a call to travel to Pixar's headquarters in Emeryville, California , Rivera cast her after watching a lunch scene in Bad Teacher (2011). He contacted Docter and said, "I think we found our Sadness". Smith saw her natural voice following her first recording session. Kind was Docter's perfect choice for Bing Bong. Kind attempted to convey the same "sort of innocence" he had conveyed in his previous Pixar roles. Docter described Bing Bong as
1936-491: A single image, becoming an animation spread across 1,600 shots. Each three seconds of footage took three weeks to create and 33 hours to render. Both animation teams handled the transition of Joy from a "complete abstract" to an "animatable character". Lighting Joy was Eggleston's early inspiration through his production design. Eggleston's pastel diagram shaped Joy, increasing her illumination and making her Pixar's crucial character. Instead of being solid, Joy's effervescence
2057-556: A small group of creative leaders who oversee development of all films. They spent over three years improving the dinnertime scene to avoid it becoming stale with audiences while sustaining the story and humor. The filmmakers were responsible for expressing the characters' personal traits, talents, and contrasts. Inside Out 's design team researched more of Riley's personality's distinct directions after Docter became concerned over Joy's displeasure. Designer Albert Lozano wanted Joy to be tomboyish and mischievous. Amy Poehler helped
2178-463: A time, and each car can carry 8 people. Bussink R60 wheels have operated in Australia ( Brisbane ), Canada ( Niagara Falls ), France ( Paris ), Malaysia ( Kuala Lumpur & Malacca ), México ( Puebla ), UK ( Belfast , Birmingham , Manchester , Sheffield ), US ( Atlanta , Myrtle Beach ), and elsewhere. Other notable transportable wheels include the 60-metre (197 ft) Steiger Ferris Wheel , which
2299-515: A total capacity of 2,160. The wheel carried some 38,000 passengers daily and took 20 minutes to complete two revolutions, the first involving six stops to allow passengers to exit and enter and the second a nine-minute non-stop rotation, for which the ticket holder paid 50 cents. The Exposition ended in October 1893, and the wheel closed in April 1894 and was dismantled and stored until the following year. It
2420-573: A turkey in a Thanksgiving Day pageant; Docter found that plot idea to be too unfamiliar and sought something to replace it. Several drafts emerged, including the characters cultivating ideas after falling to "Idea Fields"; in another, Bing Bong would recruit at a large, exiled entourage of characters from Riley's childhood. Richard Kind later defined his character as "the fading of childhood" when Inside Out 's development had progressed. In October 2011, Diane Disney Miller persuaded Docter to reduce Inside Out 's distractions and reprioritize
2541-635: A weighted average) assigned Inside Out a score of 94 out of 100 based on 55 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+-to-F scale. Before Inside Out 's release, fans and critics were concerned by a perceived over-dependence on sequels on the part of Pixar that was exacerbated by the announcement of Toy Story 4 (2019), and their films' decline in quality. The New York Times attributed this to DreamWorks Animation 's financial problems. Critics praised Inside Out 's craftsmanship and Docter's direction, describing it as
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#17328581727132662-505: A wheel equipped with externally mounted motorised capsules. In the centreless (sometimes called hubless or spokeless) wheel design, there is no central hub and the rim of the wheel stays fixed in place. Instead, each car travels around the circumference of the rim. The first centreless wheel built was the Big O at Tokyo Dome City in Japan. Its 60-metre (197 ft) height has since been surpassed by
2783-409: Is a 2015 American animated coming-of-age film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures . It was directed by Pete Docter from a screenplay he co-wrote with Meg LeFauve and Josh Cooley . The film stars the voices of Amy Poehler , Phyllis Smith , Richard Kind , Bill Hader , Lewis Black , Mindy Kaling , Kaitlyn Dias, Diane Lane , and Kyle MacLachlan . Inside Out follows
2904-517: Is a girl, research found females age 11 to 17 were more attuned to expressions and emotions than younger girls. Docter decided Riley was not a main character but the film's setting. He considered the lead emotion as female because Riley is a girl. Other emotion characters were assigned male and female. Docter discarded an initial idea about Riley falling into a deep depression. Creation of storyboards for Inside Out took two-to-three years and included seven-to-eight screenings for Pixar's "brains trust",
3025-591: Is a surviving example of 19th-century Ferris wheels. Erected in 1897 in the Wurstelprater section of Prater public park in the Leopoldstadt district of Vienna , Austria , to celebrate Emperor Franz Josef I 's Golden Jubilee , it has a height of 64.75 metres (212 ft) and originally had 30 passenger cars. A demolition permit for the Riesenrad was issued in 1916, but due to a lack of funds with which to carry out
3146-510: Is emotionally overwhelmed and needs help. Joy and Bing Bong try to use his song-fueled wagon rocket to escape the Memory Dump but are unable to ascend due to their combined weight. Bing Bong jumps out of the wagon to save Joy and fades away in the Memory Dump, forgotten. Anger's idea disables the console, putting Riley into depression as she boards a bus to Minnesota. Joy reunites with Sadness, and they return to Headquarters. Joy hands control of
3267-526: Is one of Vienna's most popular tourist attractions , and over the years has featured in numerous films (including Madame Solange d`Atalide (1914), Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948), The Third Man (1949), The Living Daylights (1987), Before Sunrise (1995) and novels. Chronology of world's tallest wheels Timeline 116°45'04"E Following the huge success of the 135-metre (443 ft) London Eye since it opened in 2000, giant Ferris wheels have been proposed for many other cities; however,
3388-599: Is the 167.6-metre (550 ft) High Roller in Las Vegas, Nevada , which opened to the public in March 2014. The term Ferris wheel comes from the maker of one of the first examples constructed for Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. in 1893. Modern versions have been called observation wheels . In 1892, when the incorporation papers for the Ferris Wheel Company (constructors of
3509-504: Is the use of twin sided support and gravity-oriented capsules. "Pleasure wheels", whose passengers rode in chairs suspended from large wooden rings turned by strong men, may have originated in 17th-century Bulgaria. The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608–1667 describes and illustrates " severall Sorts of Swinginge used in their Publique rejoyceings att their Feast of Biram " on 17 May 1620 at Philippopolis (now Plovdiv ) in
3630-587: The American Film Institute named Inside Out one of the ten-best films of 2015; it also won the National Board of Review's Best Animated Film award. A central theme of Inside Out is the consequences and portrayal of emotions and memories. Those depicted in the film are "honest" and "generous"; their goal is maintaining Riley's life. Natasha Moore of the Australian ABC News said of
3751-425: The American Film Institute named Inside Out one of the top-ten films of 2015. It grossed $ 858.8 million worldwide, finishing its theatrical run as the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2015 . The film was nominated for two awards at the 88th Academy Awards , winning Best Animated Feature , and received numerous other accolades . Philosophical journal Film and Philosophy recognized Inside Out as one of
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3872-481: The Father's Day weekend . It primarily drew a mostly female audience and approximately 71 percent of the viewers were families. The film grossed $ 52.1 million in its second weekend—a reduction of 42 percent—and $ 29.3 million in its third. After finishing its theatrical run on December 10, 2015, Inside Out had grossed $ 356.9 million in the U.S. and Canada as the fourth-highest-grossing film of
3993-652: The Los Angeles Rams and the New England Patriots . For other quiescent (incomplete, delayed, stalled, cancelled, failed, or abandoned) proposals, see: Ferris wheel#Quiescent proposals Eccentric wheel The original Ferris Wheel was designed and constructed by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. as a landmark for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago ; although much smaller wooden wheels of similar idea predate Ferris's wheel, dating perhaps to
4114-568: The Ottoman Balkans . Among means " lesse dangerous and troublesome " was one: like a Craine wheele att Customhowse Key and turned in that Manner, whereon Children sitt on little seats hunge round about in severall parts thereof, And though it turne right upp and downe, and that the Children are sometymes on the upper part of the wheele, and sometymes on the lower, yett they alwaies sitt upright. Five years earlier, in 1615, Pietro Della Valle ,
4235-610: The University of California, Berkeley , for accuracy. While designing Riley's mental landscape, they consulted neuroscientists, and took cues from DNA strands and photographs of neuronal flashes. According to Keltner and Ekman, the film emphasizes the ways emotions organize our thoughts and social lives, especially the role of sadness in fostering connections. Twenty-seven emotions—including irritation, envy, greed, gloom, despair, depression, love, schadenfreude , ennui , shame, embarrassment, and hope—were considered for early versions of
4356-455: The "most perfect" character with a "sense of humor and genuine care". At the 88th Academy Awards , Inside Out received a nomination for Best Original Screenplay and won Best Animated Feature . Its other nominations include fourteen Annie Awards (winning ten), two British Academy Film Awards (winning one), three Critics' Choice Movie Awards (winning one), and a Golden Globe Award (which it won). The National Board of Review and
4477-1052: The 145-metre (475.7 ft) high Bailang River Bridge Ferris Wheel on the upper deck of the Bailang River Bridge in Shandong Province , China, which opened in 2017. The first centreless wheel in North America opened in January 2019 at the indoor Méga Parc in Quebec City , Canada. The 23.5 m (77 ft) wheel at Méga Parc was designed and manufactured by Larson International. Transportable Ferris wheels are designed to be operated at multiple locations, as opposed to fixed wheels which are usually intended for permanent installation. Small transportable designs may be permanently mounted on trailers , and can be moved intact. Larger transportable wheels are designed to be repeatedly dismantled and rebuilt, some using water ballast instead of
4598-635: The 1500s. The generic term "Ferris wheel", now used in American English for all such structures, has become the most common type of amusement ride at state fairs in the United States. The tallest Ferris wheel, the 250-metre (820 ft) Ain Dubai in the United Arab Emirates , opened in October 2021 but is no longer in operation. The current record holder since 2014 of a Ferris wheel in operation
4719-523: The 17th century, and subsequently elsewhere around the world, including India, Romania, and Siberia. A Frenchman, Antonio Manguino, introduced the idea to America in 1848, when he constructed a wooden pleasure wheel to attract visitors to his start-up fair in Walton Spring, Georgia . In 1892, William Somers installed three fifty-foot wooden wheels at Asbury Park, New Jersey ; Atlantic City, New Jersey ; and Coney Island , New York. The following year he
4840-563: The 1950s to make them more portable, and at about the same time, the Velare brothers patented the "Space Wheel", a side-by-side double with four total Ferris wheels. The design was later sold to the Allan Herschell Company in 1959 and marketed as the "Sky Wheel"; the first sale as the Sky Wheel was to 20th Century Rides in October 1960. The Sky Wheel seated up to 32 riders in 16 two-person cars, with 8 cars per wheel, and riders reached
4961-501: The 2010s. A 2016 BBC poll of 177 film critics listed Inside Out as the 41st- best film of the 21st century , and The New York Times placed it seventh on its own list. Empire and The Independent respectively named it 18th- and 41st-best in 2020. The film's screenplay was listed number twenty-nine on the Writers Guild of America 's "101 Greatest Screenplays of the 21st Century (So Far)" in 2021. In 2015, Google started
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5082-414: The abstract sequence and another involving crowd simulation for the character groupings. They used novel technology to locate every part of the human body. Docter imagined with emotions for characters, they could "push the level of caricature" to both design and style of movement. To this end, they emulated the animation styles of Tex Avery and Chuck Jones . Docter informed Krause and Navone to push
5203-454: The attraction's new theme. The color scheme was changed yet again to light blue, and the gondolas received new images of characters from Pixar films, such as Joy & Sadness from Inside Out , Mr. Incredible & Elastigirl from The Incredibles , and Miguel & Héctor from Coco . The attraction officially opened on June 23, 2018. On February 3, 2019, Pixar Pal-A-Round was lit up in blue and yellow for Super Bowl LIII , which featured
5324-488: The back of Mickey's Head for World of Color: Winter Dreams along with an LED lighting package that was installed on the California Screamin' roller coaster. Creative executive Steve Davison revealed during an interview after the premiere of Winter Dreams that the new lights installed on Fun Wheel and California Screamin' are a permanent addition and will be used in future World of Color updates. On October 2, 2014,
5445-439: The best animated films ever made. A sequel, Inside Out 2 , was released in 2024. In the mind of a young girl named Riley Andersen are five personified emotions that influence her actions: Joy , Sadness , Fear, Disgust, and Anger. Riley's experiences become memories that are stored as colored orbs and are sent into long-term memory each night. The aspects of the five most important "core memories" within her personality take
5566-591: The case was dismissed. The original Ferris wheel, sometimes referred to as the Chicago Wheel, was designed and constructed by Ferris Jr. and opened in 1893; however, an earlier wheel was created for the New York State fair in 1854, created by two Erie Canal workers. With a height of 80.4 metres (264 ft), it was the tallest attraction at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois , where it opened to
5687-436: The characters they voiced. Because Inside Out 's cast includes several veterans of Saturday Night Live ( SNL ), the film's production team spent a week at that program researching a live television sequence. Phyllis Smith was the first of the emotions characters to be cast and Poehler was the last. Smith and Poehler had three voice-recording sessions each. Smith was initially concerned about her attempt to voice
5808-462: The characters' appearances and evaluating a "fine-tuning" cloth stimulation. Through the simulation department, the motion of the characters' hair and garments was added. Pixar co-founder Edwin Catmull felt the characters' attributes have to a lesser extent humanoid forms, bright colors, and strange shapes due to their possession of force fields . All aspects of Inside Out were eventually merged into
5929-529: The console to Sadness, who reactivates it and returns Riley to her parents. As Sadness re-installs the core memories, transforming them from happy to sad, Riley tells her parents she misses her old life. Riley's parents comfort her and tell her they also miss Minnesota. Joy and Sadness work the console together, creating a new core memory that is both happy and sad, and a new island forms, representing Riley's acceptance of her life in San Francisco. One year later,
6050-542: The core memories, Anger causes Riley's personality islands to crumble and fall into the "Memory Dump", where things fade to non-existence as they are forgotten. While navigating the vast long-term memory area, Joy and Sadness encounter Bing Bong, Riley's imaginary friend , who suggests riding the " train of thought " back to Headquarters. Meanwhile, Anger, intending to restore Riley's happiness, convinces Disgust and Fear that Riley should run away to Minnesota, where her happy memories were formed. Joy, Sadness, and Bing Bong catch
6171-406: The core technical staff just hitting the ground, the budget falling through the roof". Docter and his six-designer team spent approximately 18 months finalizing Joy's look. The process of making Joy took three years. Director of photography Patrick Lin focused on emphasizing Inside Out 's cinematography. It created a visual language with unique camera styles to depict the mind world and
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#17328581727136292-475: The destruction, it survived. Following the demolition of the 96-metre (315 ft) Grande Roue de Paris in 1920, the Riesenrad became the world's tallest extant Ferris wheel. In 1944 it burnt down, but was rebuilt the following year with 15 passenger cars, and remained the world's tallest extant wheel until its 97th year, when the 85-metre (279 ft) Technocosmos was constructed for Expo '85 , at Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan . Still in operation today, it
6413-752: The event at Cannes, the film received an eight-minute standing ovation. Inside Out was also released in Dolby Vision , making it one of the earliest films to adopt the format. In theaters, it was accompanied by a short film called Lava (2014). Inside Out was initially scheduled for release on May 30, 2014, but was postponed to June 19, 2015. During its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, Inside Out grossed $ 90.4 million across 3,946 theaters, 3,100 of which were in 3D , debuting at number two behind Jurassic World ($ 106.6 million). This revenue included $ 3.7 million from Thursday night previews. The weekend-total figure made Inside Out
6534-411: The film as promoting mental health but panned its misinterpretation of brain functions. Media reviews for the actors' performances were very positive; their work was described as "wonderful" and "excellent". Edelstein commended Poehler's acting, saying she has "supernatural exuberance but the semi-tonal quavers of doubt that keep that ... from being cloying or cartoonish". Magnett called Anger
6655-405: The film is a "new pop-culture touchstone". Despite these overall reviews, The Guardian critic Peter Bradshaw and Slant Magazine writer Christopher Gray assessed the film as slightly inferior to Pixar's best works. The scriptwriting, plot, and subject matter were praised. Forbes 's Scott Mendelson said the film's script supports its themes whereas Leigh Singer of IGN noted
6776-400: The film to maintain its continuity . During the storyboarding process, 27 sequences and 178,128 outlines were developed, with 127,781 remaining upon completion. According to Cooley, 10 plot rewrites of Inside Out and 10 unabridged scenes of Riley's mind were made. Initial storyboarding differentiated the importance of Riley's character arc rather than her emotions but Rivera considered
6897-827: The film's balance was "about 75 percent inside, 25 percent out". In early 2013, the filmmakers made seven-to-eight distinct openings for the film. Inside Out 's first completed scenes were test-screened at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in June 2014. The brain trust eventually locked the picture and its story. Production of the film concluded in May 2015 after three years. Inside Out 's principal characters were cast in August 2013. Voice recording began that year and ended in 2014. Casting focused on actors who have personas identical to those of
7018-657: The film's omission of Riley's bodily sensations and their possible effect on mental states. Primatologist Louise Barrett said the film shows disconnection between characters who are not relating to each other or to their own emotions but moments of personal harmony lead to positive interpersonal connections. According to USA Today ' s Jamie Altman, Inside Out shows major environmental changes can be "difficult, but not impossible, to overcome", recommending it to college students experiencing homesickness or sadness. Three lawsuits followed Inside Out 's release. Pediatrician Denise Daniels sued Disney and Pixar in 2017, claiming
7139-728: The film's personified emotions infringed on her pitch for a television series called The Moodsters . Two similar suits followed in 2018; author Carla J. Masterson sued Disney for infringing her books What’s on the Other Side of the Rainbow? and The Secret of the Golden Mirror , and another was brought in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California by a Canadian student Damon Pourshian, who had made
7260-468: The film's script was deemed ambitious and ingenious, screenwriter Michael Arndt spent a year on it before leaving the project in early 2011; he was attributed with providing additional story material. Along with Docter, Josh Cooley and Meg LeFauve were credited as screenwriters for its rewrites. To promote diverse input, half of the story team were women at a time when the animation industry largely consisted of men. Although Inside Out 's focus
7381-461: The film's theme: "[If] Riley's carefree life gets more complicated, ... Joy's attempts to deliver uninterrupted happiness become increasingly neurotic". Nicole Markotic said the film explores the relationship between "the many and the one", demonstrating people have "composite" personalities. The different components of one person's personality are vital for that person's "emotional and psychological balance". Depression and sadness are distinct in
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#17328581727137502-526: The film's tropes include child devotion, teamwork, and confused chases. Singer said the "tried-and-tested" journey had an unprecedented "licence to go". Rene Rodriguez, writing for the Miami Herald , said the story skips from the beginning to the end and characters inside Riley's head have thin goals. Ann Hornaday ( The Washington Post ) and A. O. Scott ( The New York Times ) appreciated its entertaining subject matter. The Hindu 's Udhav Naig saw
7623-425: The film, based on his emotions viewing it. Rivera said because both Giacchino and Docter were musicians, they discussed the film in terms of story and character. In accordance with his creative preference, sound designer Ren Klyce created a progressive soundscape . Audio mixing was done to harmonize "dense" sounds for the film's beginning scene. The introduction of Joy uses a single sound. Marketing Inside Out
7744-456: The film, but the number was later reduced for the sake of simplicity. Ekman supplied a list of emotions—anger, fear, sadness, disgust, contempt, surprise, and happiness—and Docter decided to remove surprise due to its similarity to fear; he also removed contempt. Happiness was renamed Optimism and later Joy. Chief Creative Officer John Lasseter offered little input to the film due to his focus on restructuring Walt Disney Animation Studios ; it
7865-538: The film. In 2010, Docter and the filmmaking team met to discuss aspects of Inside Out , including its setting, rules, and reels. Docter then recruited a small team to develop the film's plotline and design its characters within 12 months; their main challenge was to handle its multilayered technique. Del Carmen described his upbringing as a significant influence and had the idea of making Riley an avid ice-hockey player due to that sport's popularity in Minnesota. Though
7986-499: The film; this distinction is meant to "[offer] individuals strategies to avoid suppressing crucial feelings". Writing in the British Journal of Psychiatry , Hannah Marcarian and Paul O. Wilkinson said this validation of different emotions helps people express themselves. Ruth Bettelheim of USA Today wrote human responses to physical and social environments evolved over millions of years and are yet fully understood, as shown by
8107-464: The first Pixar film not to debut at number one, the biggest number-two debut of all time (surpassing The Day After Tomorrow ), and the largest opening weekend for any original film (surpassing Avatar ), and was Pixar's second-biggest opening after Toy Story 3 . Inside Out 's successful opening was attributed to its Cannes premiere, CinemaCon , and Fathom Events screenings, favorable critical reception and word-of-mouth, and its release over
8228-433: The form of five floating islands. Joy acts as the leader and tries to limit Sadness's influence, perceiving her as an unnecessary burden for Riley. At age 11, Riley moves from Minnesota to San Francisco for her father's new job. On Riley's first day at her new school, Sadness retroactively saddens joyous memories, causing Riley to cry in front of her class. This creates Riley's first sad core memory. Joy tries to dispose of
8349-623: The graphic caricature of each character rather than sticking to the rigid behavior of each RenderMan model. This required an artist to draw over characters in Inside Out using a Wacom Cintiq during dailies . After the characters' forms were finalized, they were proposed for 3D models using desktop computers . The filmmakers studied dailies until Docter gave the film's finalized shots approval on lighting and rendering . Inside Out made increased use of an advanced sketching tool with which animators performed rapid sculpting on silhouettes, altering
8470-476: The idea about Joy had learned from Fear to develop her characterization, before deciding to integrate emotions and relationships within the film. Instead, Sadness replaced Fear to have a "much juicier" role. Docter's altercation between Joy and Sadness lacked the film's emotional ending. To address the issue, he changed a scene where Riley is separating from her friend in its subsequent portions. Islands of Friendship and Personality became Joy and Sadness's outings in
8591-474: The inner workings of the mind of Riley, a young girl who adapts to her family's relocation as five personified emotions administer her thoughts and actions. Docter conceived Inside Out in October 2009 after observing changes in his daughter's personality as she grew older. The project was subsequently green-lit , and Docter and co-director Ronnie del Carmen developed the story, while consulting psychologists and neuroscientists in an effort to accurately portray
8712-555: The inside and outside as the ride revolved. The sun face was inspired by Mexican art from the 1970s. In October 2008, the Sun Wheel underwent renovation and was re-themed as the Mickey's Fun Wheel. Although the ride experience hasn't changed, the sun was replaced by a Mickey Mouse head and the color scheme was changed from yellow to red. The attraction re-opened on May 4, 2009, as the Mickey's Fun Wheel. In 2013, lights were installed around
8833-501: The intended 1950s Broadway musicals . Supervising animator Victor Navone tightened the design's aspects, which were emphasized by freeform surface modeling . Around 300 designs of Headquarters were developed. Decoding how to depict the mind's interior, the filmmakers concentrated on the word "electrochemical" and considered options using electricity. Character designs underwent several revisions before they were finalized. Simple shapes were initially designed; these included Anger as
8954-875: The lineup at Magic Mountain when the park opened in 1971, and was removed in 1980 when Six Flags took over ownership of both parks. Swiss broker Intamin marketed a similar series of double wheels manufactured by Waagner-Biro , comprising a vertical column supporting a straight cantilever arm, with each end of the cantilever arm ending in a spoked Ferris wheel. The first Intamin produced was Giant Wheel at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania , which operated from 1973 to 2004. Other double wheels made by Waagner-Biro/Intamin include Zodiac ( Kings Island , Mason, Ohio ; 1975–86; moved to Wonderland Sydney and operated 1989–2004), Scorpion ( Parque de la Ciudad , Buenos Aires , Argentina; 1982–2003), and Double Wheel ( Kuwait Entertainment City , Kuwait City , Kuwait; 1984–91). A triple variant
9075-401: The memory using a pneumatic tube but knocks loose the other core memories during a struggle with Sadness, disabling the personality islands. Joy, Sadness, and the core memories are sucked out of Headquarters. In the absence of Joy and Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust try to make happy core memories, but the results are disastrous, distancing Riley from her parents, peers, and hobbies. Without
9196-562: The mess Joy manipulates in Riley, was difficult. Producer Jonas Rivera credited Poehler for developing these aspects of Joy's nature. Eggleston recommended setting the film in Riley's mind rather than in her brain, and a few scenes about the brain were dropped. Pixar filmmakers held an evaluation screening of the film in July 2012. An early version of Inside Out focused on Joy and Fear getting lost together. Docter deemed this problematic and determined
9317-547: The mind. Development took five and a half years on a budget of approximately $ 175 million. Significant changes to the film's story and characters delayed the film's production schedule . Inside Out debuted at the 68th Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2015, and was released in the United States on June 19. It received positive reviews from critics for its craftsmanship, screenplay, subject matter, plot, and vocal performances—particularly those of Poehler, Smith, Kind, Hader, Kaling, and Black. The National Board of Review and
9438-459: The music for Inside Out . He began planning in January 2015 and concluded in May 2015. While in the music session, Docter felt its score was "bittersweet" and "nostalgic". Giacchino wanted to create something more emotionally monumental for Inside Out than his score from Up . The producers first met with Giacchino to discuss the film's concept and screen it for him. In response, Giacchino composed an eight-minute suite of music, unconnected to
9559-458: The original 1893 Chicago Ferris Wheel) were filed, the purpose of the company was stated as: [construction and operation of] "wheels of the Ferris or other types for the purpose of observation or amusement". Design variation includes single (cantilevered) or twin sided support for the wheel and whether the cars or capsules are oriented upright by gravity or by electric motors. The most prevalent design
9680-557: The permanent foundations of their fixed counterparts. Fixed wheels are also sometimes dismantled and relocated. Larger examples include the original Ferris Wheel , which operated at two sites in Chicago, Illinois , and a third in St. Louis, Missouri ; Technocosmos /Technostar, which moved to Expoland , Osaka , after Expo '85 , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , for which it was built, ended; and Cosmo Clock 21 , which added 5 metres (16 ft) onto its original 107.5-metre (353 ft) height when erected for
9801-421: The producers decided to keep Bing Bong a secret. As a result, the character was excluded from the film's promotion to focus on the emotion characters. Docter considered Kind's decision "smart", recognizing Bing Bong was a "surprise to the audience". In the run-up to its release, the film was test-screened for children because executives were worried about its appeal to young viewers. Disney Infinity 3.0 added
9922-461: The public on June 21, 1893. It was intended to rival the 324-metre (1,063 ft) Eiffel Tower , the centerpiece of the 1889 Paris Exposition . Ferris was a graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , bridge-builder. He began his career in the railroad industry and then pursued an interest in bridge building. Ferris understood the growing need for structural steel and founded G.W.G. Ferris & Co. in Pittsburgh,
10043-410: The real one. Lin's crew supervised Riley's arc as these cameras were used across three acts ; the first was mounted on a Steadicam and the second was hand-held. Inside Out 's certain aspects were supported by "scale progressions" (the worldbuilding size based on the main characters' perspective) for characterizations, as well as Riley and Joy's arcs, staging for the story, and framing for
10164-431: The real world encountered problems with lens distortion and out-of-focus shots but directorial changes countered the camera-work's complexity. The camera operators used Arri Ultra Prime and Zeiss Cooke S4 lenses with distinct camera movements and predetermined paths for both worlds. A dolly , track , crane , and boom were used for the mind world and hand-held cameras with zoom lenses and Steadicam mounts were used for
10285-450: The real world, allowing a connection between the film's story and Riley's character. Lin said these worlds can polarize themselves. The mind world's layout and cinematography were influenced by Casablanca (1942). Pixar researched films from Hollywood's golden age for set constructions . They performed master moving shots , combining them into a single scene, the longest of which were 48 seconds and consisted of 1,200 frames. Filming
10406-546: The ride malfunctioned, stranding riders for two hours before they were evacuated with no reported injuries. On November 2, 2017, Disney announced that Mickey's Fun Wheel would be updated to include Pixar characters on the gondolas with Mickey's face remaining on the side facing Paradise Bay. The attraction was closed on January 8, 2018, along with other Paradise Pier offerings, as the land transformed into Pixar Pier. On April 25, 2018, Disney announced that Mickey's Fun Wheel would be renamed "Pixar Pal-A-Round", to be consistent with
10527-476: The ride would be renovated, which would include Pixar characters on the gondolas, but with Mickey's face remaining on the side. On June 23, 2018, the attraction reopened as the Pixar Pal-A-Round. Pixar Pal-A-Round is an eccentric wheel , differing from conventional Ferris wheels in that 16 of its 24 gondolas ride on interior rails so that they slide inward and outward as the wheel rotates. This results in
10648-411: The rim and independently rotated by electric motors, as opposed to wheels with cars suspended from the rim and kept upright by gravity, are uncommon. Typically they are called 'Observation wheels' but there is no standardised terminology. Only a few Ferris wheels with motorised capsules have been built. Official conceptual renderings of the proposed 190.5 m (625 ft) New York Wheel also show
10769-409: The role. She said the story sounded "really beautiful" when it was pitched to her. Docter said Lewis Black exemplified Anger, and he was cast after the filmmakers kept him in mind, having heard Black's voice. The filmmakers cast Kaitlyn Dias as Riley, having described her performance as "touching" and adapted its "heartbreaking honesty". According to Rivera, Dias's casting was "perfect". Eggleston
10890-471: The same time, the other wheels remained raised and continued to rotate in a near-vertical plane at considerable height. The lowered horizontal wheel was brought to a standstill for simultaneous loading and unloading of all its passenger cars. The Sky Whirl was also known as a triple Ferris wheel, Triple Giant Wheel, or Triple Tree Wheel; it was 33 metres (108 ft) in height. The Sky Whirl in Santa Clara
11011-746: The second time at Minato Mirai 21 , Yokohama , in 1999. The world's tallest transportable wheel today is the 78-metre (256 ft) Bussink Design R80XL . One of the most famous transportable wheels is the 60-metre (197 ft) Roue de Paris , originally installed on the Place de la Concorde in Paris for the 2000 millennium celebrations. Roue de Paris left France in 2002 and in 2003–04 operated in Birmingham and Manchester , England . In 2005 it visited first Geleen then Amsterdam , Netherlands , before returning to England to operate at Gateshead . In 2006 it
11132-691: The seventh-highest-grossing film outside the U.S. and Canada, and the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2015 with a total gross of $ 858.8 million. Deadline Hollywood calculated the film's net profit as $ 279.51 million, accounting for production budgets, marketing, talent participation, and other costs; box-office grosses and home-media revenues placed it sixth on their list of 2015's "Most Valuable Blockbusters". Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Inside Out for digital download on October 13, 2015, and on Blu-ray and DVD on November 3. Physical copies contain an audio commentary , behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and
11253-409: The short films Riley's First Date? and Lava . Inside Out was the best-selling home-video release of November 2015 and the number-five rental during its release week. Blu-ray accounted for 57 percent of its sales. By the end of 2015, the physical release had grossed about $ 97.8 million. A 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray version was released in 2019. Inside Out received critical acclaim, and
11374-556: The spider on the other end of the cantilever would continue to rotate in a near-vertical plane. Robinson sold two of these rides – Astrowheel, which operated at the former Six Flags AstroWorld in Houston , Texas, and Galaxy , which operated at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California . Both were manufactured by Astron International Corporation. Astrowheel was part of the original lineup of rides when Astroworld opened in 1968; it
11495-470: The stationary cars featured Mickey, while the sliding ones featured Goofy , Donald Duck , Pluto , and Minnie Mouse . The attraction opened as the Sun Wheel on February 8, 2001, and was one of the park’s earliest attractions during opening day. It was modeled after Coney Island's 1920 Wonder Wheel , and featured a sun on the front side along with a yellow color scheme. The purple and orange cars rode on inside rails, which means that they were sliding towards
11616-503: The story. Docter determined the concept of personality islands could integrate the mind world's geography and story. In 2012, the film was put into production after several screenings and suggestions, and was evaluated after three months. Editor Kevin Nolting said seven versions of the film were created before the production began. Balancing the film's tone, for example, viewers' responses to Joy's cheerful nature while feeling negative about
11737-403: The team write Joy, illustrating a broad range of happiness after facing difficulties. With LeFauve's help, the team envisioned Joy as a vulnerable, intangible character because she is "unapologetically positive". From the outset, the idea of Joy's potential to excessively manipulate youth, persisted, setting off Riley's "social storms". In one instance, Riley was to have wanted the lead role as
11858-521: The theme. The cameras were created by the crew have attached sensors; these cameras were "rough" and "physical" but were improved in Inside Out after being used in Pixar's short film The Blue Umbrella (2013). Human–machine system was made to roam each person within Inside Out 's environment, assigning each of their performances to interact the film's scenes. Virtual ones were blocked using Layout before being animated. Michael Giacchino composed
11979-412: The three ends of the supporting arm. The supporting arm would in turn rotate around its central hub as a single unit about the top of the supporting column. The axis about which the supporting arm turned was offset from vertical (i.e., the plane of rotation was not horizontal), so that as the supporting arm rotated, each wheel was raised and lowered. When lowered, one wheel was horizontal at ground level. At
12100-474: The train, but it is derailed when another island collapses. Joy, who is afraid all of the core memories will become sad, abandons Sadness and tries to ride a "recall tube" back to Headquarters. The ground below the tube collapses, sending Joy and Bing Bong plunging into the Memory Dump. Joydiscovers a sad memory of losing a hockey game that turned happy when Riley's parents and friends comforted her, and she realizes Sadness's purpose in alerting others when Riley
12221-720: The year . In July 2020, due to the worldwide closure of cinemas during the COVID-19 pandemic and limits on which films played, Inside Out returned to 442 theaters—mostly drive-ins —and grossed $ 340,000. Outside the U.S. and Canada, Inside Out grossed $ 40.3 million during its opening weekend in 37 markets. Its top-grossing markets were China at $ 11.7 million, the United Kingdom at $ 11.5 million, Mexico at $ 8.6 million, Russia at $ 7.6 million, Italy at $ 7.4 million, Germany at $ 7.1 million, and South Korea at $ 5.2 million. Inside Out
12342-568: Was green-lit in October 2009 after director Pete Docter noticed his daughter Elie becoming "more quiet and reserved", and began to wonder what was happening internally. Docter invited Ronnie del Carmen , who had worked as story supervisor on Finding Nemo (2003) and Up (2009), to join the project as co-director, a role del Carmen accepted. They sought inspiration from their own personal histories and experiences, and conferred with psychologists and specialists such as psychologist Paul Ekman and Dacher Keltner , professor of psychology at
12463-422: Was "currently under wraps", and its funding had "yet to be entirely secured". Commissioned by Ferris Wheel Investment Co., Ltd., and designed by UNStudio in collaboration with Arup, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and Experientia, it was expected to have 32 individually themed capsules and take 40 minutes to rotate once. The Shanghai Star, initially planned as a 200-metre (656 ft) tall wheel to be built by 2005,
12584-451: Was a distinct double wheel design. In the Robinsons' patent, the cantilever arm was bent at a slightly obtuse angle, and the cars were carried on a spoked "spider" rotating structure at each end of the cantilever. With the obtuse-angle cantilever, one spider could be lowered to the ground in a horizontal plane so that all the cars on that spider could be unloaded and loaded simultaneously, while
12705-457: Was changed to blue. After Pixar presented potential designs of Riley to the audience, Lozano thought the character looked like Elie. Animation of Inside Out took a year and a half. About 48 animators, including supervisors Shawn Krause and Navone, and director Jamie Roe and 350 artists—35 of them lighting–led by cinematographer Kim White–and 10 layout —and technicians were involved in the production. Two animation teams were assembled: one for
12826-416: Was considered difficult despite the enthusiasm of executives at Disney and Pixar for the film. Writing for The Washington Post , Kristen Page-Kirby described this as "absolutely screwed". Disney's marketing strategy included an active social media campaign, a worldwide publicity tour, and the creation of five colorful character posters. Kind did not take part in Inside Out 's marketing because
12947-580: Was considered for Gorky Central Park of Culture and Leisure , and a 150-metre (492 ft) wheel proposed for location near Sparrow Hills . Another giant wheel planned for Prospekt Vernadskogo for 2002 was also never built. At some malls and amusement parks indoor Ferris wheels were realized. The largest of its kind has a diameter of 47.6 metres (156 ft) and is situated in the 95 metres (312 ft) high Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center in Ashgabat . Wheels with passenger cars mounted external to
13068-485: Was custom designed for the Marriott Corporation and debuted at both Marriott's Great America parks (now Six Flags Great America , Gurnee, Illinois , and California's Great America , Santa Clara ) in 1976 as Sky Whirl . Each ride had three main components: the three spiders/wheels with their passenger cars; the triple-spoked supporting arm; and the single central supporting column. Each wheel rotated about one of
13189-690: Was derived from pinwheels, Champagne , and sparklers. Lozano thought Joy looked like Audrey Hepburn . For Joy to become brightened, the RenderMan team developed geometrical optics , and Docter suggested designing her with "sprite-like and golden" modifications. These effects function dependably due to Joy's typical type. Over 750 shots were made using artistic performance and lighting cinematography. The filmmakers worked on Joy's aura for eight months but encountered difficulties with time and budget. Lasseter requested that it be applied for each emotion instead. Eggleston described this technique, saying "You could hear
13310-683: Was erected at the Suan Lum Night Bazaar in Bangkok , Thailand , and by 2008 had made its way to Antwerp , Belgium . Roue de Paris is a Ronald Bussink series R60 design using 40,000 litres (8,800 imperial gallons; 11,000 US gallons) of water ballast to provide a stable base. The R60 weighs 365 tonnes (402 short tons), and can be erected in 72 hours and dismantled in 60 hours by a specialist team. Transport requires seven 20-foot container lorries, ten open trailer lorries, and one closed trailer lorry. Its 42-passenger cars can be loaded either 3 or 6 at
13431-533: Was filmed for a memorable rescue scene in Beverly Hills Cop III (renamed to "The Spider" for the film). The Santa Clara ride, renamed Triple Wheel in post-Marriott years, closed on September 1, 1997. The Gurnee ride closed in 2000. Two triple wheels were built for Asian clients: Tree Triple Wheel at Seibu-en ( Tokorozawa, Saitama , Japan; 1985–2004) and Hydra at Lotte World ( Seoul , South Korea; 1989–97). Inside Out (2015 film) Inside Out
13552-515: Was granted the first U.S. patent for a "Roundabout". George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. rode on Somers' wheel in Atlantic City prior to designing his wheel for the World's Columbian Exposition . In 1893 Somers filed a lawsuit against Ferris for patent infringement; however, Ferris and his lawyers successfully argued that the Ferris Wheel and its technology differed greatly from Somers' wheel, and
13673-405: Was listed on many critics' top-ten lists in 2015. It has an approval rating of 98% based on 384 professional reviews on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , with an average rating of 8.9/10. The consensus reads, "Inventive, gorgeously animated, and powerfully moving, Inside Out is another outstanding addition to the Pixar library of modern animated classics". Metacritic (which uses
13794-454: Was removed in 1981 to make way for the Warp 10 ride. Astrowheel had an eight-spoked spider at the end of each arm, and each tip had a separate car for eight cars in total on each end. In contrast, Galaxy had double the capacity with a four-spoked spider at the end of each arm; each tip bore an independent four-spoked sub-spider for sixteen cars in total on each end. Like Astrowheel, Galaxy was part of
13915-640: Was revised to 170 metres (558 ft), with a completion date set in 2007, but then cancelled in 2006 due to "political incorrectness". An earlier proposal for a 250-metre (820 ft) structure, the Shanghai Kiss, with capsules ascending and descending a pair of towers which met at their peaks instead of a wheel, was deemed too expensive at £100m. Rus-3000, a 170-metre (558 ft) wheel planned to open in 2004 in Moscow , has since been reported cancelled. Subsequently, an approximately 180-metre (591 ft) wheel
14036-489: Was secret before reaffirming his involvement in Inside Out . In preparation, Hader practiced "almost every emotion" and his screaming voice in recording sessions. Fear was modeled on both actor Don Knotts and Rowan Atkinson 's character Mr. Bean , both of whom have wide eyes. Docter described Fear as "the kind of guy who could bring sophistication and then flip on a dime". Mindy Kaling attended six recording sessions within four hours to voice Disgust before being cast in
14157-469: Was tasked with outlining the mind and real worlds through design briefs . The mind world incorporates soft surfaces, increased use of saturated colors and contrasty light, and translucency whereas the real world uses opposite attributes. The worlds' design resembles those of Pixar films Up and Toy Story 3 (2010), the romantic drama One from the Heart (1982), David Hockney 's theatrical productions, and
14278-437: Was the first Pixar film to be produced without involvement from the studio's co-founder Steve Jobs , who died in 2011. The film's development process took five-and-a-half years and had a budget of approximately $ 175 million. Ralph Eggleston , Pixar's production designer since 1992, stated it was the hardest and longest film he had ever worked on. As a result, first-time directors were considered ineligible to work on
14399-517: Was the first Pixar film to gross over one billion rubles in Russia. The film grossed a further $ 501.9 million, its highest grosses coming from the United Kingdom ($ 59.4 million), Japan ($ 33 million), Germany ($ 31.6 million), Mexico ($ 31.1 million), South Korea ($ 30.9 million), France ($ 30.1 million), Italy ($ 27.1 million), Venezuela ($ 25.4 million), and Australia ($ 24.2 million). This made it
14520-574: Was the world's tallest transportable wheel when it began operating in 1980. It has 42 passenger cars, and weighs 450 tons. On October 11, 2010, it collapsed at the Kramermarkt in Oldenburg , Germany , during deconstruction. A double Ferris wheel designed to include a horizontal turntable was patented in 1939 by John F. Courtney, working for Velare & Courtney. In Courtney's design, there were two independent Ferris wheels, each rotating at either end of
14641-523: Was then rebuilt on Chicago's North Side, near the high-income enclave of Lincoln Park . William D. Boyce , then a local resident, filed a Circuit Court action against the owners of the wheel to have it removed, but without success. It operated there from October 1895 until 1903, when it was again dismantled, then transported by rail to St. Louis for the 1904 World's Fair and finally destroyed by controlled demolition using dynamite on May 11, 1906. The Wiener Riesenrad ( German for "Viennese Giant Wheel")
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