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49-817: The Pine Mountain Ski Jump is a ski jump located in Iron Mountain, Michigan , Dickinson County . It is part of the Kiwanis Ski Club and hosts annual FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup competitions. "Pine Mountain Slide is known throughout the world as one of the better jumping hills." Annually in February, it "hosts jumpers from around the world at the best tournament in the United States." Top-rated foreign jumpers compete. Currently (excluding ski flying hills) Pine Mountain holds

98-461: A hill , consists of the jumping ramp ( in-run ), take-off table, and a landing hill. Each jump is evaluated according to the distance covered and the style performed. The distance score is related to the construction point (also known as the K-point ), which is a line drawn in the landing area and serves as a "target" for the competitors to reach. The score of each judge evaluating the style can reach

147-507: A "sailing" effect of the ski jumping suit, material, thickness and relative size of the suit are regulated. Each jump is divided into four parts: in-run, take-off (jump), flight, and landing. By using the V-style , firstly pioneered by Swedish ski jumper Jan Boklöv in the mid-1980s, modern skiers are able to exceed the distance of the take-off hill by about 10% compared to the previous technique with parallel skis. Previous techniques included

196-488: A 60 story skyscraper. Also, because of the jump and hill's high rise above the surrounding landscape there is a significant wind factor for jumpers making it more challenging. Excluding ski flying hills, the Pine Mountain Ski Jump is the largest ski jump in the United States and it is between the 3rd and 8th tallest man-made ski jump in the world (depending on how height is measured). There are two other ski jumps in

245-522: A combination of the parallel and V-styles, in which the skis are spread very wide apart and held parallel in an "H" shape. It is prominently used by Domen Prevc . Skiers are required to touch the ground in the Telemark landing style ( Norwegian : telemarksnedslag ), named after the Norwegian county of Telemark . This involves the landing with one foot in front of the other with knees slightly bent, mimicking

294-553: A fixed number of points in each event according to their ranking, and the overall winner is the one with most accumulated points. FIS Ski Flying World Cup is contested as a sub-event of the World Cup, and competitors collect only the points scored at ski flying hills from the calendar. The ski jumping at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was first contested in 1925. The team event was introduced in 1982, while

343-462: A maximum of 20 points. The jumping technique has evolved over the years, from jumps with the skis parallel and both arms extended forward, to the " V-style ", which is widely used today. Ski jumping has been included at the Winter Olympics since 1924 and at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships since 1925. Women's participation in the sport began in the 1990s, while the first women's event at

392-590: A non-official event near Akureyri on Iceland , in April 2024 Ryōyū Kobayashi achieved a distance of 291 m (955 ft) after 10 seconds in the air and landing smoothly. It was an unofficial world record which is not being counted as a ski flying world record by the FIS. In 2015 in Vikersund, Dimitry Vassiliev reached 254 m (833 ft) but fell upon landing; his jump is another unofficial record. Silje Opseth holds

441-405: Is followed by an out-run , a substantial flat or counter-inclined area that permits the skier to safely slow down. The out-run area is fenced and surrounded by a public auditorium. The slopes are classified according to the distance that the competitors travel in the air, between the end of the table and the landing. Each hill has a construction point ( K-point ), which serves as a "target" that

490-434: Is measured between the takeoff and the point where the feet came in full contact with the landing slope (for abnormal landings, touchpoint of one foot, or another body part is considered). Jumps are measured with accuracy of 0.5 meters for all competitions. During the competition, five judges are based in a tower to the side of the expected landing point. They can award up to 20 points each for jumping style, based on keeping

539-514: Is regarded as the "father" of the modern ski jumping, won the first-ever ski jumping competition with prizes, which was held in Høydalsmo in 1866. The first larger ski jumping competition was held on Husebyrennet hill in Oslo , Norway, in 1875. Due to its poor infrastructure and the weather conditions, in 1892 the event was moved to Holmenkollen , which is today still one of the main ski jumping events in

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588-487: Is reputed worldwide to be one of the best ski jumping facilities. The ski jumping fans are said to be friendly. It is also considered by most jumpers as the most challenging jump on the Continental Cup circuit and in the world. This partly is due to the fact that the top of the jump is nearly 600 feet above all of the surrounding landscape giving the jumpers the same view that they would have if they were standing on top of

637-653: The 2022-23 season, women competed for the first time ever in ski flying. The historic event was held in Vikersundbakken in Vikersund the 19th March 2023. It was won by Slovenian jumper Ema Klinec In 2006, the International Ski Federation proposed that women could compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics , but the proposal was rejected by the IOC because of the low number of athletes and participating countries at

686-543: The FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup every year since 2004 and with the exception of the occasional Winter Olympic Games or World Cup event, the tournament is annually the most prestigious and highest level ski jumping competition held in the Western Hemisphere. Below is an incomplete list of events held at the hill. From US Highway 2 in town ( Iron Mountain ), turn west onto Kent Street just south of

735-716: The Kongsberger technique , the Däescher technique and the Windisch technique . Until the mid-1960s, the ski jumper came down the in-run of the hill with both arms pointing forwards. This changed when the Däscher technique was pioneered by Andreas Däscher in the 1950s, as a modification of the Kongsberger and Windisch techniques. A lesser-used technique as of 2017 is the H-style which is essentially

784-543: The Upper Peninsula of Michigan : Copper Peak is the only Ski flying venue in the western hemisphere, located near Ironwood, Michigan (and has been called "Suicide hill"), as well as the pre-existing Suicide Hill Ski Jump located at Ishpeming, Michigan , which is near the National Ski Hall of Fame . Below is the list of past and current record holders: The Pine Mountain ski jumping tournament has been part of

833-503: The skis are positioned by an athlete, distances have increased by as much as 200 metres (660 ft) within the past century. The Kongsberger technique (Norwegian: Kongsbergknekk ) was created by Jacob Tullin Thams and Sigmund Ruud in Kongsberg , Norway. Developed after World War I , the technique was characterised by the athlete's upper body being bent at the hip, with arms extended at

882-586: The Chapin Pit, and follow the signs. In about 3 ⁄ 4 mile (1.2 km), look for Upper Pine Mountain Road which winds up to the hilltop. The view from the observation deck at the top of the jump is about 30 miles (48 km). There is no charge to use the observation deck. 45°50′07.34″N 88°05′18.59″W  /  45.8353722°N 88.0884972°W  / 45.8353722; -88.0884972 Ski jumping The ski jumping venue , commonly referred to as

931-454: The K-point is set at 90 meters and 120 meters, respectively. Competitors are awarded 60 points (normal and large hills) and 120 points (flying hills) if they land on the K-point. For every meter beyond or below the K-point, extra points are awarded or deducted; the typical value is 2 points per meter in small hills, 1.8 points in large hills and 1.2 points in ski flying hills. A competitor's distance

980-526: The Olympics has been held in 2014. All major ski jumping competitions are organised by the International Ski Federation . Stefan Kraft holds the official record for the world's longest ski jump with 253.5 metres (832 ft), set on the ski flying hill in Vikersund in 2017. Ski jumping can also be performed in the summer on an in-run where the tracks are made from porcelain and the grass on

1029-451: The U.S. records for the longest jump in World Cup competition at 140m (459 feet), as well as the overall distance record at 144m (472.44feet). The facility also includes two smaller ski jumping hills that are built into the hill northwest of the large hill. Attendance is about 20,000 ski jumping fans year around. Construction of the jump began in 1937 and was completed in 1938. At the time it

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1078-462: The V-style was highly effective, as his jumps became considerably longer. In the early 1980s, Steve Collins used a modified variation of the V-style, or "delta style", with the ski tips held together in front instead of at the rear. Collins was the youngest winner of a World Cup event at the age of fifteen, but his technique never caught on. During this era, any technique aside from the parallel style

1127-673: The World Cup. Those events are traditionally held in a slightly different format than other World Cup events (first round is held as a knockout event between 25 pairs of jumpers), and the overall winner is determined by adding up individual scores from every jump. Other competitions organised by the International Ski Federation include the FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix (held in summer), Continental Cup , FIS Cup , FIS Race , and Alpen Cup . In January 1863 in Trysil , Norway, at that time 16 years old Norwegian Ingrid Olsdatter Vestby, became

1176-496: The air. This style became the standard for ski jumping as a whole until the development of the V-style. In the 1980s, Matti Nykänen created a variation of the parallel style in which the skis were pointed diagonally off to the side in order to increase surface area , essentially forming a crude "half 'V'". The V-style , sometimes called the Graf–Boklöv technique , remains the sport's most recent significant technique change, with

1225-475: The competition with the same number of points, they are given the same placing and receive same prizes. Ski jumpers below the minimum safe body mass index are penalised with a shorter maximum ski length, reducing the aerodynamic lift they can achieve. These rules have been credited with stopping the most severe cases of underweight athletes, but some competitors still lose weight to maximise the distance they can achieve. In order to prevent an unfair advantage due to

1274-436: The competitors should reach. The classification of the hills are as follows: Competitors are ranked according to a numerical score obtained by adding up components based on distance, style, inrun length (gate factor) and wind conditions. In the individual event, the scores from each skier's two competition jumps are combined to determine the winner. Distance score depends on the hill's K-point. For K-90 and K-120 competitions,

1323-525: The first world champion. In the 2011–12 season, women competed for the first time in the World Cup . The first event was held on 3 December 2011 at Lysgårdsbakken at normal hill in Lillehammer , Norway. The first-ever female World Cup winner was Sarah Hendrickson , who also became the inaugural women's World Cup overall champion. Previously, women had only competed in Continental Cup seasons. In

1372-472: The first-ever known female ski jumper, who participated in the competition. Her distance is not recorded. Women began competing at the high level since the 2004–05 Continental Cup season. International Ski Federation organised three women's team events in this competition. Women's made a premiere FIS Nordic World Ski Championships performance in 2009 in Liberec . American ski jumper Lindsey Van became

1421-492: The front in the manner of a "superhero", and skis held parallel to each other. Sometimes the arms would be waved or 'flapped' around vigorously in a bird-like manner. This technique extended jumping lengths from 45 m (148 ft) to over 100 m (330 ft), and was used in ski jumping until being superseded by the Windisch and Däscher techniques in the 1950s. The Windisch technique , created by Erich Windisch in 1949,

1470-413: The jump length, and if weather conditions change during a competition, the conditions will not be the same for all competitors. Gate factor is an adjustment made when the inrun (or start gate) length is adjusted from the initial position in order to provide optimal take-off speed. Since higher gates result in higher take-off speeds, and therefore present an advantage to competitors, points are subtracted when

1519-425: The maximum score of 20 points within one competition. Kazuyoshi Funaki is the only one in history who achieved this more than once. So far only seven jumpers are recorded to have achieved this score in total of ten times: Ski jumping techniques The sport of ski jumping has seen the use of numerous different techniques, or "styles", over the course of its more than two-hundred-year history. Depending on how

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1568-510: The origins of ski flying began in Planica , Slovenia, where Josef Bradl became the first competitor in history to jump over 100 m (330 ft). At the same venue, the first official jump over 200 m (660 ft) was achieved in 1994, when Toni Nieminen landed at 203 meters. In 1964 in Zakopane , Poland, the large hill event was introduced at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships . In

1617-466: The same year, the normal hill event was included on the Olympic programme at the 1964 Winter Olympics . The team event was added later, at the 1988 Winter Olympics . A ski jumping hill is typically built on a steep natural slope. It consists of the jumping ramp ( in-run ), take-off table, and a landing hill. Competitors glide down from a common point at the top of the in-run, achieving considerable speeds at

1666-548: The season. In the late 19th century, Sondre Norheim and Nordic skier Karl Hovelsen immigrated to the United States and started developing the sport in that country. In 1924, ski jumping was featured at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix , France. The sport has been featured at every Olympics since. Ski jumping was brought to Canada by Norwegian immigrant Nels Nelsen . Starting with his example in 1915 until late 1959, annual ski jumping competitions were held on Mount Revelstoke —

1715-588: The ski hill Nelsen designed — the longest period of any Canadian ski jumping venue. Revelstoke's was the biggest natural ski jump hill in Canada and internationally recognized as one of the best in North America. The length and natural grade of its 600 m (2,000 ft) hill made possible jumps of over 60 m (200 ft)—the longest in Canada. It was also the only hill in Canada where world ski jumping records were set, in 1916, 1921, 1925, 1932, and 1933. In 1935,

1764-478: The ski tips spread outwards in a highly aerodynamic "V" shape. It became the predominant jumping technique following the Däscher/parallel style, which was last used in the early 1990s. The originator of the V-style was Mirosław Graf , a Polish ski jumper from Szklarska Poręba . Graf discovered the technique as a child in 1969, but it was not taken seriously by his contemporaries. He was nonetheless aware that

1813-415: The skis steady during flight, balance, optimal body position, and landing. The highest and lowest style scores are disregarded, with the remaining three scores added to the distance score. Gate and wind factors were introduced by the 2009 rules, to allow fairer comparison of results for a scoring compensation for variable outdoor conditions. Aerodynamics and take-off speed are important variables that affect

1862-567: The slope is covered with water-soaked plastic. The highest level summer competition is the FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix , contested since 1994. Like most of the Nordic skiing disciplines, the first ski jumping competitions were held in Norway in the 19th century, although there is evidence of ski jumping in the late 18th century. The recorded origins of the first ski jump trace back to 1808, when Olaf Rye reached 9.5 m (31 ft). Sondre Norheim , who

1911-456: The starting gate is moved up, and added when the gate is lowered. An advanced calculation also determines compensation points for the actual unequal wind conditions at the time of the jump; when there is back wind, points are added, and when there is front wind, points are subtracted. Wind speed and direction are measured at five different points based on average value, which is determined before every competition. If two or more competitors finish

1960-478: The style of Telemark skiing . Failure to execute a Telemark landing leads to the deduction of style points, issued by the judges. All major ski jumping competitions are organised by the International Ski Federation . The large hill ski jumping event was included at the Winter Olympic Games for the first time in 1924 , and has been contested at every Winter Olympics since then. The normal hill event

2009-425: The take-off table, where they take off, carried by their own momentum. While airborne, they maintain an aerodynamic position with their bodies and skis, which allows them to maximise the length of their jump. The landing slope is constructed so that the jumper's trajectory is near-parallel with it, and the athlete's relative height to the ground is gradually lost, allowing for a gentle and safe landing. The landing space

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2058-560: The time. A group of fifteen competitive female ski jumpers later filed a suit against the Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games on the grounds that it violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms since men were competing. The suit failed, with the judge ruling that the situation was not governed by the charter. A further milestone was reached when women's ski jumping

2107-552: The women's event was first held in 2009. The FIS Ski Flying World Championships was first contested in 1972 in Planica . The Four Hills Tournament has been contested since the 1952–53 season. It is contested around the New Year's Day at four venues – two in Germany ( Oberstdorf and Garmisch-Partenkirchen ) and two in Austria ( Innsbruck and Bischofshofen ), which are also scored for

2156-585: The women's world record at 230,5 metres (756 feet) which was set on 17th March 2024 in Vikersundbakken . The lists below show the progression of world records through history at 50-meter milestones. Only official results are listed, invalid jumps are not included. Those who have managed to show a perfect jump, which means that all five judges attributed the maximum style score of 20 points for their jumps. Kazuyoshi Funaki , Sven Hannawald and Wolfgang Loitzl were attributed 4x20 (plus another 19.5) style score points for their second jump, thus receiving nine times

2205-578: Was 156 feet (48 m) high. It hosted its first competition in 1939. In 1948, the outrun was dug out, and in 1977 the inrun tower was made larger (to the current 176 feet (54 m)) after a fire. There have been numerous other renovations over the years. In 1996 and 2000 the hill hosted the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup , bringing in 20,000 spectators. However, it has not hosted one since, and now hosts annual FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup competitions. Locally known as "Giant Pine Mountain," it

2254-431: Was a modification of the Kongsberger technique. The athlete's arms are instead placed backwards toward the hips for a closer, more aerodynamic lean. The parallel style , classic style , or Däscher technique was created by Andreas Däscher in the 1950s, as a modification of the Kongsberger and Windisch techniques. No longer was the upper body bent as much at the hip, enabling a flatter, more aerodynamic position in

2303-599: Was added in 1964 . Since 1992 , the normal hill event is contested at the K-90 size hill; previously, it was contested at the K-60 hill. Women's debuted at the Winter Olympics in 2014 . The FIS Ski Jumping World Cup has been contested since the 1979–80 season. It runs between November and March every season, and consists of 25–30 competitions at most prestigious hills across Europe, United States and Japan. Competitors are awarded

2352-434: Was considered inappropriate by FIS judges. Although it enabled much longer jumps – up to ten per cent more than the parallel style – judges made it an issue to award poor marks to those who used it. The V-style only became recognised as valid by judges in the early 1990s, following wins and high rankings by Jan Boklöv , Jiří Malec and Stefan Zünd , who insisted on using the technique despite receiving low style points. By

2401-445: Was included as part of the 2014 Winter Olympics at normal hill event. The first Olympic champion was Carina Vogt . Since 1936, when the first jump beyond 100 metres (330 ft) was made, all world records in the sport have been made in the discipline of ski flying . As of July 2024, the official world record for the longest ski jump is 253.5 m (832 ft), set by Stefan Kraft at Vikersundbakken in Vikersund , Norway. In

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