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38-658: Pi Kappa Alpha was founded on March 1, 1868, in Room 47 in West Range ( The Range ) at the University of Virginia by six graduate students: Three of the Founders had been former cadets, having served on both sides of the recently concluded Civil War . One had been a Union hospital officer, another a Confederate veteran, and a third, a repatriate. Expansion was considered early in the fraternity's history; on March 1, 1869, exactly one year after

76-517: A historically black college or university when one was established at Jackson State University . Phi Kappa Phi is a member of the Honor Society Caucus , which is composed of four honor societies: Phi Beta Kappa , Phi Kappa Phi, Sigma Xi , and Omicron Delta Kappa . The colors of Phi Kappa Phi are blue and gold. The society's Greek letter name was selected from its motto, Φιλοσοφία Kρατείτω Φωτῶν ( Philosophía Krateítõ Phõtôn ) or "Let

114-498: A 1969 Special Convention, the motto devised in 1900, "The Love of Learning Rules all Mankind", was changed to "Let the Love of Learning Rule Mankind" due to membership insistence that the former was, in the words of one member, "the most barefaced lie that had ever been cast in bronze." By 1971, Phi Kappa Phi numbered 120 chapters. In the next twelve years, that number would double to 239. In 1976, Phi Kappa Phi established its first chapter at

152-603: A chapter of Phi Beta Kappa were often hesitant about establishing a chapter of Phi Kappa Phi. To this, the society continued to make its case: Phi Beta Kappa, which was repeated time after time, represented the literary side of education such as history, literature, and economics. 'The Phi Kappa Phi on the other hand stands not only for the democracy of education, making no distinction between different lines of investigation, such as literature, history, science, home economics, agriculture, veterinary medicine, and law, but for sound scholarship based on four years of collegiate work.' It

190-456: A crenelated line that represents the battlements and walls of Troy and a technological aspect of the ancient Greek culture. In the space between this line and the periphery of the seal appear three stars just above the badge, one for each of the three original chapters. Just below the badge is the phrase "Founded 1897." The society's ribbon portrays the meander pattern common in Greek art, suggesting

228-807: A four-star general and commander of the US First Army in Europe. Sectarian and other restrictions that were in place during the early years have since been modified or removed entirely: Pi Kappa Alpha remained a southern fraternity until the New Orleans Convention in 1909 when the fraternity officially declared itself a national organization. Like many other social fraternities at the time, Pi Kappa Alpha had limited its membership to white males. All race restrictions were removed in 1964. The fraternity's rituals were based on those of Independent Order of Odd Fellows . Its colors are garnet and old gold. Its symbols are

266-594: A short period before this duty was taken over by an administrative office. John Shaw Foster, a junior founder from Theta chapter , helped to reestablish Alpha chapter at the University of Virginia. Theta chapter is the longest continual-running chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha, having been founded in 1878. The four delegates to the Hampden–Sydney Convention are referred to as the Junior Founders. Pi Kappa Alpha

304-720: A total of more than one million members since its creation, from over 300 college-based chapters in the United States , Puerto Rico , and the Philippines . Phi Kappa Phi is a 501(c)(3) organization under the United States Internal Revenue Code. Its national headquarters is located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana . Phi Kappa Phi is governed by the biennial convention, supplemented by interim special conventions as necessary. Each chapter may send one official delegate to

342-764: Is a community at University of Virginia for graduate students. The structure was designed by Thomas Jefferson as part of the original design. There are fifty-two rooms, which run parallel to the Lawn in rows. There are six "hotels" on the Range, three on each side. Originally used as dining facilities, the hotels today include a number of administrative office spaces as well as the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society . Previous Range residents who have become well-known include Edgar Allan Poe (13 W. Range) and Woodrow Wilson (31 W. Range). Pi Kappa Alpha maintains 47 W. Range, where it

380-717: Is the name used for all of the fraternity's leadership programs. The program is administered by the fraternity's professional staff. It was founded in 1948 as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization for charitable, literary & educational purposes. Events held by the university include the International Convention, the Academy, the Chapter Executives Conference, and several regional Leadership Summits. Pike University grants more than $ 100,000 in scholarships each year. In 1948, Pi Kappa Alpha established and chartered

418-417: Is the oldest all-discipline honor society. It is a member of the Honor Society Caucus . In the late 1800s, there were only three academic honor societies, and they were all discipline-specific. Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi were founded in 1885 and 1886, respectively. And then there was Phi Beta Kappa , a social and literary society that did not originate as an honor society when it was founded in 1776 but by

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456-525: The Alpha chapter at the University of Virginia was formed, the Beta chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha was founded at Davidson College . Its Gamma chapter was placed at William and Mary just two years later, and a total of seven chapters formed in the first decade. This period of early growth slowed though, and by 1889 only four chapters remained active. A call for a national convention was sent out, and delegates of three of

494-570: The Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS), being one of its six charter members. In 1933, while the Philippines was still an American colony , the first chapter outside of the continental United States was founded at the University of the Philippines . About this time, president of the society Frank D. Kern stated that "integrity, moral courage, spirited discernment, and concern for human welfare" were equally important for membership in

532-534: The "Pi Kappa Alpha Memorial Foundation" as a 501(c)(3) organization . The foundation grants $ 350,000 in scholarships and grants to undergraduate members each year. It also provides funding to the fraternity and its chapters for leadership programs, scholarships, and chapter house facilities. The foundation grants initiation fee scholarships to undergraduates inducted into Phi Beta Kappa , Omicron Delta Kappa , Order of Omega , Phi Kappa Phi , and Tau Beta Pi honoraries. The Pike Foundation also maintains and operates

570-458: The 1850s, according to historians, had definitely evolved as an honor society for the liberal arts and sciences. Although Phi Beta Kappa was not exclusive to one discipline, it did not extend its membership beyond the liberal arts and sciences, hence the establishment of Tau Beta Pi, an honor society for engineering. Phi Beta Kappa became sufficient as an all-campus honor society for liberal arts colleges, but no honor society could serve as such for

608-797: The Memorial Headquarters in Memphis, Tennessee . This facility houses professional staff, the Harvey T. Newell Library, and the Freeman Hart Museum. The building is a war memorial built in 1988 to recognize the military services of members who died in the line of duty. A Gold Star Memorial was dedicated on August 1, 2008. Despite policies put in place by the national fraternity to curtail hazing behavior, local chapters have been involved in events which lead to deaths, sexual assault, and other misconduct. The Range (University of Virginia) The Range

646-546: The Morrill Society, in honor of the sponsor of the Congressional Act which provided for land-grant universities . In 1899, the first woman was initiated into the society, Pearl Clayton Swain. In 1900, the society became national in scope by action of the presidents of the University of Maine (the founding chapter), University of Tennessee , and Pennsylvania State University . There was considerable debate among

684-633: The academic community, poetry, and reviews of current books and periodical literature. Notable people who have contributed to The Phi Kappa Phi Forum include Ronald Reagan , Bob Dole , Edward Kennedy , Jesse Jackson, Sr. , Newt Gingrich , Myrlie Evers-Williams , Michael Dukakis , Thomas "Tip" O'Neill , Annette Kolodny , Warren E. Burger , Ellis Marsalis, Jr. , and Molefi Kete Asante . Phi Kappa Phi awards more than $ 1.3 million in national and local scholarships annually, as well as grants and graduate fellowships . Baird's Manual of College Fraternities notes that aim of these awards "is not to give

722-567: The community of scholars in service to others." The society published the first issue of The Phi Kappa Phi Journal in 1915. That year, the society established an association with the American Association for the Advancement of Science that would last until 1962. In 1919, Phi Kappa Phi was still struggling with securing growth, and in the spirit of "the unity and democracy of education", pushed to become part of technical schools. In 1922,

760-491: The competition. In addition, Phi Kappa Phi fosters community service and leadership through its grants for local and national literacy initiatives, promotion of excellence grants, and training and leadership opportunities available to its membership. Some chapters sponsor conferences and campus speakers. Membership is by invitation only, by an established campus chapter, and is restricted to students with integrity and high ethical standards and who are ranked scholastically at

798-466: The convention, which is held in a major city in the United States. Between conventions, the business of the society is conducted by a twelve-member board of directors. Elected officers include the president, president-elect, a vice president of development, five directors, two student representatives, and the immediate past president. The board's twelfth member is the executive director who is in charge of

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836-544: The enduring values and ideals of learning and community leadership promoted by Phi Kappa Phi. Phi Kappa Phi publishes a quarterly journal, The Phi Kappa Phi Forum and the triannual Honor Chord e-zine . The society also publishes the Monthly Mentions newsletter. Each issue of The Phi Kappa Phi Forum is devoted to a significant theme and addresses prominent issues of the day from an interdisciplinary perspective. The journal features articles by scholars inside and outside

874-416: The four active chapters met in what would become the "junior founding" of the fraternity at what they called the Hampden–Sydney Convention, held in a dorm room at Hampden–Sydney College . This marked the start of a new wave of prosperity and substantial growth and the end of almost a decade of decline. Theta chapter , at Rhodes College , took over the responsibilities of Alpha chapter , granting chapters for

912-416: The leadership of undergraduate student Marcus L. Urann . In opposition to what he saw as the separateness and exclusivity promoted by the social fraternities and discipline bound honor societies, Urann wanted to create a society that was defined by inclusiveness and that unified a campus, constituted by "high-rank men drawn from all classes and all groups and all societies". Those selected for invitation into

950-425: The love of learning rule humanity". The society's motto is "Let the Love of Learning Rule Mankind". Phi Kappa Phi badge, which appears on the key and in the center of the society's seal, is the terrestrial globe with the sun's eight-rayed corona extending behind it. The sun represents the dissemination of truth and knowledge as light. The eight-rayed sun represents the various branches into which general education at

988-459: The question of admitting African Americans into the society was raised openly, leadership decided that although the constitution did not debar African Americans, the society would not "urge the election of colored people" because the "southern institutions would resent it." Nonetheless, in 1925 the society as a whole formally took the position that it would not discriminate on color or race. Also in 1925, Phi Kappa Phi would be instrumental in creating

1026-453: The recipient something which may encourage complacency, but to challenge the member to continued excellence." To support first-year graduate work, the society now offers annually through the Foundation sixty Fellowships and thirty Awards of Excellence, on a competitive basis, to graduating students who have been initiated into the society and who have also been nominated by their chapters for

1064-664: The shield, diamond, dagger, and key. Its flower is the lily of the valley. Its tree is the Oak and its mascot is the White Horse. Its jewel is the Diamond. Shield & Diamond is the official quarterly publication of Pi Kappa Alpha. It was first printed in December 1890 by Robert Adger Smythe, who was then Grand Secretary and Treasurer, under the name The Pi Kappa Alpha Journal . The name was changed to Shield & Diamond in 1891. Pike University

1102-615: The soc"Schriver 1971 36"/> During the two world wars and into the 1960s, society membership numbers and finances struggled. In 1963, Chapter 105 was chartered at the oldest and largest university system in the American territory of Puerto Rico , Universidad de Puerto Rico . By 1969, new member numbers were triple what they were in 1960. That year, the Phi Kappa Phi Foundation was incorporated to promote academic excellence and achievement using scholarships and fellowships. In

1140-471: The society changed its name to Phi Kappa Phi, drawing from the initial letters of the Greek words forming its motto. In 1900, the three original chapters convened the society's first national convention in New Haven, Connecticut . In 1915, Phi Kappa Phi continued to struggle to earn a reputation. The then secretary of the organization, L. H. Pammel, pointed out that institutions that were seeking to establish

1178-400: The society would be the top ten students of the senior class whose rank did not fall below the 90th percentile for the four years of work at the university. In all, the society was founded by ten senior students, two faculty members, and the university president, Abram Winegaard Harris . Urann graduated in 1897, and became the president of Phi Kappa. A year or so later, the name was changed to

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1216-426: The three existing chapters regarding the purpose and naming of the society. Pennsylvania State University's President George W. Atherton cautioned that using Greek letters to label the society would be "too much like aping other organizations", and President Charles W. Dabney of the University of Tennessee did not want to accept institutions that already had a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa . Nonetheless, on June 12, 1900,

1254-401: The time was divided, and the arrangement of the rays "stood for the unity and democracy of the various branches of learning" Encompassing the globe is a band with the Greek letters Phi ( Φ ) Kappa ( K ) Phi ( Φ ). This band represents the bond of fellowship that binds all lovers of learning to a common purpose. The society's seal features its badge at its center. This in turn is surrounded by

1292-401: The top of their class, regardless of field of study: the top 7.5 percent of second-semester university juniors and the top 10 percent of seniors and graduate students. Faculty, professional staff and alumni who have achieved scholarly distinction also might be eligible. Phi Kappa Phi claims to have over 100,000 active members, to initiate approximately 30,000 new members annually, and to have

1330-481: The universities encompassing both liberal education and also technological and professional education, a mission to which the newly burgeoning land-grant universities of the time were dedicated. That was to change in 1897 when the first organizational meeting of Lambda Sigma Eta (later named Phi Kappa Phi), the nation's first all-discipline honor society, was held in Coburn Hall at the University of Maine under

1368-449: Was founded on March 1, 1868. Phi Kappa Phi The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi (or simply Phi Kappa Phi or ΦΚΦ ) is an honor society established in 1897 to recognize and encourage superior scholarship without restriction as to the area of study, and to promote the "unity and democracy of education ". It was the fourth academic society in the United States to be organized around recognizing academic excellence, and it

1406-429: Was later asserted that the society's aim was not to replace older societies, but to "help raise the broader educational program initiated by our government when it established the land-grant system, to the appreciation of scholarly worth whether the subject matter be strictly academic or of a more vocational type." Its mission is "to recognize and promote academic excellence in all fields of higher education and to engage

1444-521: Was not originally organized as a sectional fraternity; however, by constitutional provision it became so in 1889, and for twenty years would only open chapters south of the Mason-Dixon Line. Pi Kappa Alpha members have supported the nation's armed conflicts in large numbers. In World War I , one out of every six members of the fraternity served in uniform. In World War II , 15,000 of its 33,000 active members served, including General Courtney Hodges ,

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