Phlebotomy is the process of making a puncture in a vein , usually in the arm, with a cannula for the purpose of drawing blood . The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture , which is also used for intravenous therapy . A person who performs a phlebotomy is called a phlebotomist , although most doctors, nurses, and other technicians can also carry out a phlebotomy. In contrast, phlebectomy is the removal of a vein.
25-626: Phlebotomies that are carried out in the treatment of some blood disorders are known as therapeutic phlebotomies . The average volume of whole blood drawn in a therapeutic phlebotomy to an adult is 1 unit (450–500 ml) weekly to once every several months, as needed. From Ancient Greek : φλεβοτομία ( phlebotomia – phleb 'blood vessel, vein' + tomia 'cutting'), via Old French : flebothomie (modern French phlébotomie ). Phlebotomies are carried out by phlebotomists – people trained to draw blood mostly from veins for clinical or medical testing, transfusions, donations, or research. Blood
50-2465: A sub-type of acute myelogenous leukemia Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (MF) Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) Aggressive NK-cell leukemia Miscellaneous [ edit ] Hemochromatosis Asplenia Hypersplenism Gaucher's disease Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Tempi syndrome Hematological changes secondary to non-hematological disorders [ edit ] Anemia of chronic disease Infectious mononucleosis AIDS Malaria Leishmaniasis References [ edit ] External links [ edit ] https://web.archive.org/web/20100527085120/http://hematologic.niddk.nih.gov/info/index.htm Classification D MeSH : D006402 v t e Diseases of red blood cells ↑ Polycythemia Polycythemia vera ↓ Anemia Nutritional Micro- : Iron-deficiency anemia Plummer–Vinson syndrome Macro- : Megaloblastic anemia Pernicious anemia Hemolytic (mostly normo- ) Hereditary enzymopathy : Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency glycolysis pyruvate kinase deficiency triosephosphate isomerase deficiency hexokinase deficiency hemoglobinopathy : Thalassemia alpha beta delta Sickle cell disease / trait Hemoglobin C disease membrane : Hereditary spherocytosis Minkowski–Chauffard syndrome Hereditary elliptocytosis Southeast Asian ovalocytosis Hereditary stomatocytosis Acquired AIHA Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia Cold agglutinin disease Donath–Landsteiner hemolytic anemia Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia membrane paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Thrombotic microangiopathy Hemolytic–uremic syndrome Drug-induced autoimmune Drug-induced nonautoimmune Hemolytic disease of
75-650: Is a place where blood is drawn from patients for laboratory testing, transfusions, donations, or research purposes. The blood is typically drawn via venipuncture or a finger stick by a healthcare professional such as a phlebotomist , nurse , or medical assistant . The draw station typically includes a padded chair or a bed for patients prone to fainting during blood draws. Draw stations can be found in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, blood donation centers, and independent laboratories or as part of patient service centers (PSC). Early phlebotomists used techniques such as leeches and incision to extract blood from
100-528: Is an unstable or crystalline hemoglobin) Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins) Direct physical damage to RBCs Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Secondary to artificial heart valve (s) Aplastic anemia Fanconi anemia Diamond–Blackfan anemia (inherited pure red cell aplasia) Acquired pure red cell aplasia Decreased numbers of cells Myelodysplastic syndrome Myelofibrosis Neutropenia (decrease in
125-423: Is collected primarily by performing venipunctures , or by using capillary blood sampling with fingersticks or a heel stick in infants for the collection of minute quantities of blood. The duties of a phlebotomist may include interpreting the tests requested, drawing blood into the correct tubes with the proper additives, accurately explaining the procedure to the person and preparing them accordingly, practicing
150-622: Is different from Wikidata Articles needing additional medical references from July 2018 All articles needing additional references Articles requiring reliable medical sources Dis-Chem Dis-Chem is the second largest retail pharmacy chain in South Africa , with 165 stores, plus 4 in Namibia and 1 in Botswana . The chain had a total revenue of 21.4 billion South African rand in 2019. Dis-Chem has private label products, sells via
175-424: Is positive) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia Idiopathic Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Evans syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and hemolytic antibodies) Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia Cold agglutinin disease Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare) Infectious mononucleosis Alloimmune hemolytic anemia Hemolytic disease of
200-566: The American Certification Agency (ACA), American Medical Technologists (AMT), American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), National Center for Competency Testing / Multi-skilled Medical Certification Institute (NCCT/MMCI), National Credentialing Agency (NCA), and National Healthcareer Association (NHA). These and other agencies such as the American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians also certify phlebotomists outside
225-653: The UK there is no requirement for holding a formal qualification or certification prior to becoming a phlebotomist as training is usually provided on the job. The NHS offers training with formal certification upon completion. Special state certification in the United States is required only in four states: California , Washington , Nevada , and Louisiana . A phlebotomist can become nationally certified through many different organizations. However, California currently only accepts national certificates from six agencies. These include
250-990: The blood and blood-forming organs . Hematologic diseases include rare genetic disorders, anemia , HIV , sickle cell disease and complications from chemotherapy or transfusions. Myeloid [ edit ] Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis) Sickle cell disease Thalassemia Methemoglobinemia Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin) Iron-deficiency anemia Megaloblastic anemia Vitamin B 12 deficiency Pernicious anemia Folate deficiency Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells ) Genetic disorders of RBC membrane Hereditary spherocytosis Hereditary elliptocytosis Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) Pyruvate kinase deficiency Immune mediated hemolytic anemia ( direct Coombs test
275-1004: The perinatal period / fetal disease Maternal factors complicating pregnancy, labour or delivery placenta Placenta praevia Placental insufficiency Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome chorion / amnion Chorioamnionitis umbilical cord Umbilical cord prolapse Nuchal cord Single umbilical artery presentation Breech birth Asynclitism Shoulder presentation Growth Small for gestational age / Large for gestational age Preterm birth / Postterm pregnancy Intrauterine growth restriction Birth trauma scalp Cephalohematoma Chignon Caput succedaneum Subgaleal hemorrhage Brachial plexus injury Erb's palsy Klumpke paralysis Affected systems Respiratory Intrauterine hypoxia Infant respiratory distress syndrome Transient tachypnea of
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#1732858519044300-561: The Internet, operates a loyalty programme, and the Group has a wholesale division. The chain announced in 2016 its plans to double the number of outlets through 2021. At that time, one-third of its outlets were less than three years old. Dis-Chem started in 1978 when pharmacists Ivan and Lynette Saltzman, opened their first retail pharmacy in Mondeor , a southern suburb of Johannesburg . They introduced
325-696: The blood and related organs [REDACTED] This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources . Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed . Find sources: "Hematologic disease" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( July 2018 ) [REDACTED] Medical condition Hematologic disease Specialty Hematology [REDACTED] Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect
350-408: The body. Bloodletting was used as a therapeutic as well as a prophylactic process, thought to remove toxins from the body and to balance the humors . While physicians did perform bloodletting, it was a specialty of barber surgeons , the primary provider of health care to most people in the medieval and early modern eras. Hematologic disease Disorders of
375-594: The concept of a discount pharmacy with product categories that until then, had not been offered in South African pharmacies because of prohibiting legislation. In 2014, Dis-Chem opened its first store outside South Africa, in Windhoek , Namibia . In November 2016, Dis-Chem Pharmacies Limited group listed 27.5% of its listed share capital on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange . It was the second-largest IPO in
400-767: The larger retail pharmacy chains offering in-store clinical services (such as Clicks, Dis-Chem ) also provide training for aspirant phlebotomists. Certification can be obtained from a number of examination and testing institutions. To work as a phlebotomist in South Africa, registration with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) is required. ("light blue") (weak calcium chelator/ anticoagulant ) Plasma separator gel ("navy") Fluoride Oxalate Grey, Green, Yellow, Purple 1. Grey (nil) tube 2. Green (TB1 antigen) tube 3. Yellow (TB2 antigen) tube 4. Purple (mitogen) tube A phlebotomy draw station
425-4076: The newborn Aplastic (mostly normo- ) Hereditary : Fanconi anemia Diamond–Blackfan anemia Acquired: Pure red cell aplasia Sideroblastic anemia Myelophthisic Blood tests Mean corpuscular volume normocytic microcytic macrocytic Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration normochromic hypochromic Other Methemoglobinemia Sulfhemoglobinemia Reticulocytopenia Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin v t e Disorders of bleeding and clotting Coagulation coagulopathy Bleeding diathesis Clotting By cause Clotting factors Antithrombin III deficiency Protein C deficiency Activated protein C resistance Protein S deficiency Factor V Leiden Prothrombin G20210A Platelets Sticky platelet syndrome Thrombocytosis Essential thrombocythemia DIC Purpura fulminans Antiphospholipid syndrome Clots Thrombophilia Thrombus Thrombosis Virchow's triad Trousseau sign of malignancy By site Deep vein thrombosis Bancroft's sign Homans sign Lisker's sign Louvel's sign Lowenberg's sign Peabody's sign Pratt's sign Rose's sign Pulmonary embolism Renal vein thrombosis Bleeding By cause Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenic purpura : ITP Evans syndrome TM TTP Upshaw–Schulman syndrome Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia May–Hegglin anomaly Platelet function adhesion Bernard–Soulier syndrome aggregation Glanzmann's thrombasthenia platelet storage pool deficiency Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome Gray platelet syndrome Clotting factor Hemophilia A/VIII B/IX C/XI von Willebrand disease Hypoprothrombinemia/II Factor VII deficiency Factor X deficiency Factor XII deficiency Factor XIII deficiency Dysfibrinogenemia Congenital afibrinogenemia Signs and symptoms Bleeding Bruise Hematoma Petechia Purpura Nonthrombocytopenic purpura By site head Epistaxis Hemoptysis Intracranial hemorrhage Hyphema Subconjunctival bleeding torso Hemothorax Hemopericardium Pulmonary hematoma abdomen Gastrointestinal bleeding Hemobilia Hemoperitoneum Hematocele Hematosalpinx joint Hemarthrosis v t e Diseases of monocytes and granulocytes Monocytes and macrophages ↑ -cytosis : Monocytosis Histiocytosis Chronic granulomatous disease ↓ -penia : Monocytopenia Granulocytes ↑ -cytosis : granulocytosis Neutrophilia Eosinophilia / Hypereosinophilic syndrome Basophilia Bandemia ↓ -penia : Granulocytopenia/agranulocytosis ( Neutropenia / Severe congenital neutropenia / Cyclic neutropenia Eosinopenia Basopenia ) Disorder of phagocytosis Chemotaxis and degranulation Leukocyte adhesion deficiency LAD1 LAD2 Chédiak–Higashi syndrome Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency Respiratory burst Chronic granulomatous disease Neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome Myeloperoxidase deficiency v t e Conditions originating in
450-2980: The newborn Meconium aspiration syndrome Pleural disease Pneumothorax Pneumomediastinum Wilson–Mikity syndrome Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Cardiovascular Pneumopericardium Persistent fetal circulation Bleeding and hematologic disease Vitamin K deficiency bleeding HDN ABO Anti-Kell Rh c Rh D Rh E Hydrops fetalis Hyperbilirubinemia Kernicterus Neonatal jaundice Velamentous cord insertion Intraventricular hemorrhage Germinal matrix hemorrhage Anemia of prematurity Gastrointestinal Ileus Necrotizing enterocolitis Meconium peritonitis Integument and thermoregulation Erythema toxicum Sclerema neonatorum Nervous system Perinatal asphyxia Periventricular leukomalacia Musculoskeletal Gray baby syndrome muscle tone Congenital hypertonia Congenital hypotonia Infections Vertically transmitted infection Neonatal infection rubella herpes simplex mycoplasma hominis ureaplasma urealyticum Omphalitis Neonatal sepsis Group B streptococcal infection Neonatal conjunctivitis Other Miscarriage Perinatal mortality Stillbirth Infant mortality Neonatal withdrawal Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder v t e Major Disease groups Infection Parasitic disease Benign tumor Cancer Endocrine disease Malnutrition Metabolic disorder Immune disorder Hematologic disease Mental disorder Neurological disorder Eye disease Ear disease Cardiovascular disease Lymphatic disease Respiratory disease Maxillofacial disorder Gastrointestinal disease Urologic disease Female genital disease Breast disease Male genital disease Complications of pregnancy Obstetric labor complication Postpartum disorder Skin disease Musculoskeletal disorder Soft tissue disorder Connective tissue disease Bone disease Chondropathy Congenital disorder Fetal disease Authority control databases : National [REDACTED] United States France BnF data Czech Republic Spain Latvia Israel Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hematologic_disease&oldid=1205928858 " Category : Blood disorders Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
475-443: The newborn (HDN) Rh disease (Rh D) ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others) Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia Penicillin (high dose) Methyldopa Hemoglobinopathies (where these
500-526: The next five entries} Burkitt's lymphoma Anaplastic large cell lymphoma Splenic marginal zone lymphoma Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) Myelomas Multiple myeloma Waldenström macroglobulinemia Plasmacytoma Leukemias increased WBC Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL){now included in theCLL/SCLL type NHL} Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL),
525-453: The number of neutrophils ) Agranulocytosis Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets ) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells) Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general) Erythrocytosis (increase in
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#1732858519044550-947: The number of red blood cells ) Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells ) Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets ) Myeloproliferative disorder Transient myeloproliferative disease Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation ) Thrombocytosis Recurrent thrombosis Disseminated intravascular coagulation Disorders of clotting proteins Hemophilia Hemophilia A Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease ) Hemophilia C Von Willebrand disease Disseminated intravascular coagulation Protein S deficiency Antiphospholipid syndrome Disorders of platelets Thrombocytopenia Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome Hematological malignancies [ edit ] Hematological malignancies Lymphomas Hodgkin's disease Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma {includes
575-404: The required forms of asepsis , practicing standard and universal precautions , restoring hemostasis of the puncture site, giving instructions on post-puncture care, affixing tubes with electronically printed labels, and delivering specimens to a laboratory. Some countries, states, or districts require that phlebotomists be licensed or registered. A therapeutic phlebotomy may be carried out in
600-530: The state of California. To qualify to sit for an examination, candidates must complete a full phlebotomy course and provide documentation of clinical or laboratory experience. In South Africa learnerships to qualify as a Phlebotomy Technician are offered by many public and private educational institutions as well as by private academies owned up by pathology laboratories (such as Ampath Laboratories, Lancet, PathCare) and healthcare service providers (such as Netcare , South African National Blood Service ). Some of
625-579: The treatment of some blood disorders (example: Hemochromatosis , polycythemia vera , porphyria cutanea tarda ), and chronic hives (in research). In Australia , there are a number of courses in phlebotomy offered by educational institutions, but training is typically provided on the job. The minimum primary qualification for phlebotomists in Australia is a Certificate III in Pathology Collection (HLT37215) from an approved educational institution. In
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