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87-407: In the late 1800s, there were only three academic honor societies, and they were all discipline-specific. Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi were founded in 1885 and 1886, respectively. And then there was Phi Beta Kappa , a social and literary society that did not originate as an honor society when it was founded in 1776 but by the 1850s, according to historians, had definitely evolved as an honor society for

174-514: A historically black college or university when one was established at Jackson State University . Phi Kappa Phi is a member of the Honor Society Caucus , which is composed of four honor societies: Phi Beta Kappa , Phi Kappa Phi, Sigma Xi , and Omicron Delta Kappa . The colors of Phi Kappa Phi are blue and gold. The society's Greek letter name was selected from its motto, Φιλοσοφία Kρατείτω Φωτῶν ( Philosophía Krateítõ Phõtôn ) or "Let

261-496: A 1969 Special Convention, the motto devised in 1900, "The Love of Learning Rules all Mankind", was changed to "Let the Love of Learning Rule Mankind" due to membership insistence that the former was, in the words of one member, "the most barefaced lie that had ever been cast in bronze." By 1971, Phi Kappa Phi numbered 120 chapters. In the next twelve years, that number would double to 239. In 1976, Phi Kappa Phi established its first chapter at

348-541: A black seal with white text "Tau Beta Pi / The Engineering Honor Society / Pi Day" centered around the image of the bent in the middle. The digits of pi wrap around the edge of the seal. There are 261 chartered Tau Beta Pi Collegiate Chapters; 255 are active, 6 are inactive. There is now only one "class" of members in Tau Beta Pi, the former classifications of Member with Distinction, Honorary Member, and Associate Member having been discontinued. Election to membership in

435-432: A chairperson, the president, and the president-elect along with eight elected directors, the executive officer of the association and up to two additional directors appointed by elected officers. Members serve a four-year term except for directors appointed by elected officers, who serve three-year terms. The current chairman is Gerald Fink , Margaret and Herman Sokol Professor at Whitehead Institute, MIT. Fink will serve in

522-508: A collegiate chapter fall into five general categories: Undergraduate students whose scholarship places them in the top eighth of their engineering class in their next-to-last year or in the top fifth of their engineering class in their last college year are eligible for membership consideration. These scholastically eligible students are further considered on the basis of personal integrity, breadth of interest both inside and outside engineering, adaptability, and unselfish activity. At least 50% of

609-455: A crenelated line that represents the battlements and walls of Troy and a technological aspect of the ancient Greek culture. In the space between this line and the periphery of the seal appear three stars just above the badge, one for each of the three original chapters. Just below the badge is the phrase "Founded 1897." The society's ribbon portrays the meander pattern common in Greek art, suggesting

696-517: A mission to which the newly burgeoning land-grant universities of the time were dedicated. That was to change in 1897 when the first organizational meeting of Lambda Sigma Eta (later named Phi Kappa Phi), the nation's first all-discipline honor society, was held in Coburn Hall at the University of Maine under the leadership of undergraduate student Marcus L. Urann . In opposition to what he saw as

783-559: A particular concern of the AAAS. There are sections for agriculture , anthropology, astronomy , atmospheric science , biological science , chemistry, dentistry , education , engineering, general interest in science and engineering, geology and geography , the history and philosophy of science, technology , computer science , linguistics, mathematics , medical science , neuroscience , pharmaceutical science , physics , psychology , science and human rights, social and political science ,

870-399: A recognized engineering college, they must have been engaged in engineering for at least 10 years; if not, they must have practiced engineering for at least 15 years. Such candidates are usually recommended by members who know them. The required degree of eminent achievement is left to the chapters' discretion; and candidates are further considered on the basis of exemplary character. Prior to

957-528: A resolution: "Resolved that a Committee of five be appointed to address a memorial to the Secretary of the Navy , requesting his further aid in procuring for Matthew Maury the use of the observations of European and other foreign navigators, for the extension and perfecting of his charts of winds and currents." The resolution was adopted and, in addition to Rogers, the following members of the association were appointed to

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1044-485: A scholastic-grade deadline below which candidates are not considered, such deadline being higher than that required as a minimum by the Constitution. Elections and initiations are normally held twice a year, in the fall/winter or spring terms of the chapter's institution. Student electees who are financially unable to meet the initiation-fee obligation may make delayed payment arrangements with their chapters, may borrow from

1131-437: A student's coursework must have been completed by the time of their invitation to the society. Students must be pursuing at least one major within their college's engineering school; for this reason, some Computer Science students may or may not be eligible for membership depending on if Computer Science is counted in the engineering school or the liberal arts school at their respective university, for example. Some chapters may set

1218-491: A total of 619 women's badges were awarded until 1969. In 1969, Tau Beta Pi began granting women full membership in the society. In 1974, the Sigma Tau fraternity merged with Tau Beta Pi. Sigma Tau was an honor society for engineering much like Tau Beta Pi and was founded at the University of Nebraska in 1904. At the time of the merger, Sigma Tau consisted of 34 collegiate chapters and a total membership of 45,000. The basis of

1305-715: A variety of benefits for life after initiation, including access to applying for $ 2000 scholarships for rising seniors (about 50% acceptance rate) and $ 10,000 fellowships for graduate students (about 10% acceptance rate), a private LinkedIn group of alumni, the opportunity to attend the annual national convention (with sponsored travel for voting delegates) and participate in a Tau Beta Pi-only recruiting fair, and graduation stoles and cords for members in good standing during their graduation. Members also receive automatic entry-level advancement of US Gov applicants to GS-7* 4 and member-only lifetime discounts from companies like Geico, Dell, SIRVA Home, PPI for FE/EIT and PE exams, and hotels around

1392-536: Is held in a major city in the United States. Between conventions, the business of the society is conducted by a twelve-member board of directors. Elected officers include the president, president-elect, a vice president of development, five directors, two student representatives, and the immediate past president. The board's twelfth member is the executive director who is in charge of the society's national office. Active chapters elect chapter officers and are governed by

1479-505: Is located in Knoxville, Tennessee on the campus of the University of Tennessee . Although Tau Beta Pi never discriminated on the basis of race or religion, Tau Beta Pi did make its start as a male-only society. Female engineering students were scholastically eligible for Tau Beta Pi as early as 1902; however, those women were not granted membership. Starting in 1936, TBP awarded a "women's badge" to exceptional female engineering students, and

1566-512: Is now." In February 2007, the AAAS used satellite images to document human rights abuses in Burma . The next year, AAAS launched the Center for Science Diplomacy to advance both science and the broader relationships among partner countries, by promoting science diplomacy and international scientific cooperation. In 2012, AAAS published op-eds, held events on Capitol Hill and released analyses of

1653-632: Is the oldest engineering honor society and the second oldest collegiate honor society in the United States . It honors engineering students in American universities who have shown a history of academic achievement as well as a commitment to personal and professional integrity. Specifically, the association was founded "to mark in a fitting manner those who have conferred honor upon their Alma Mater by distinguished scholarship and exemplary character as students in engineering, or by their attainments as alumni in

1740-602: Is to have students completing algebra by 8th grade and calculus by 12th grade. MindSET was first conceived by Dr. Jonathan F. Earle as GatorTRAX , a program run by the Florida Alpha chapter, and is now a national program with more than 50 active projects across the country. Tau Beta Pi's membership includes some famous figures in engineering and technology, including 22 Nobel laureates: Seven astronauts who died on Apollo 1 , Space Shuttle Challenger , and Space Shuttle Columbia are: American Association for

1827-496: The American Chemical Society (1876), Archaeological Institute of America (1879), Modern Language Association (1883), American Historical Association (1884), Geological Society of America (1888), National Geographic Society (1888), American Physical Society (1899), which drew away some of AAAS members. Also, the reputation of the AAAS was somewhat tarnished, because its 3rd president Alexander Dallas Bache used

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1914-622: The Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS), being one of its six charter members. In 1933, while the Philippines was still an American colony , the first chapter outside of the continental United States was founded at the University of the Philippines . About this time, president of the society Frank D. Kern stated that "integrity, moral courage, spirited discernment, and concern for human welfare" were equally important for membership in

2001-531: The United States , Puerto Rico , and the Philippines . Phi Kappa Phi is a 501(c)(3) organization under the United States Internal Revenue Code. Its national headquarters is located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana . Phi Kappa Phi is governed by the biennial convention, supplemented by interim special conventions as necessary. Each chapter may send one official delegate to the convention, which

2088-473: The United States Naval Observatory . He added, "Never before was such a corps of observers known." But, he pointed out to his fellow scientists, his critical need was for more "simultaneous observations". "The work," Maury stated, "is not exclusively for the benefit of any nation or age". The minutes of the AAAS meeting reveal that because of the universality of this "view on the subject, it

2175-519: The board of directors . In accordance with the convention followed by the AAAS, presidents are referenced by the year in which they left office. Geraldine Richmond is the president of AAAS for 2015–16; Phillip Sharp is the board chair; and Barbara A. Schaal is the president-elect. Each took office on the last day of the 2015 AAAS Annual Meeting in February 2015. On the last day of the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting, February 15, 2016, Richmond will become

2262-484: The valedictorian of his class at Lehigh, was initiated as the first student member of Tau Beta Pi on June 15, 1885. A statue on Lehigh's campus commemorates this event. In 1892, a second chapter was established at Michigan State University . Since then, the association has grown to 257 collegiate chapters across the United States and Puerto Rico . Tau Beta Pi was a founding member of the Association of College Honor Societies . The national headquarters of Tau Beta Pi

2349-551: The 90th percentile for the four years of work at the university. In all, the society was founded by ten senior students, two faculty members, and the university president, Abram Winegaard Harris . Urann graduated in 1897, and became the president of Phi Kappa. A year or so later, the name was changed to the Morrill Society, in honor of the sponsor of the Congressional Act which provided for land-grant universities . In 1899,

2436-517: The AAAS, 1848–2005 There are three classifications of high-level administrative officials that execute the basic, daily functions of the AAAS. These are the executive officer , the treasurer and then each of the AAAS's section secretaries. The current CEO of AAAS and executive publisher of Science magazine is Sudip Parikh. The current Editor in Chief of Science magazine is Holden Thorp. The AAAS has 24 "sections" with each section being responsible for

2523-404: The AAAS, enacted on January 1, 1973, establishes that the governance of the AAAS is accomplished through four entities: a President, a group of administrative officers, a Council, and a board of directors. Individuals elected to the presidency of the AAAS hold a three-year term in a unique way. The first year is spent as president-elect , the second as president and the third as chairperson of

2610-549: The Advancement of Science The American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ) is an USA -based international nonprofit with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists , defending scientific freedom , encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity. AAAS was the first permanent organization established to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent

2697-504: The American Civil War, and also 1942–1943 during World War II . Since 1946, one meeting has occurred annually, now customarily in February. Each year, the AAAS gives out a number of honorary awards, most of which focus on science communication , journalism, and outreach – sometimes in partnership with other organizations. The awards recognize "scientists, journalists, and public servants for significant contributions to science and to

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2784-470: The Association of American Geologists and Naturalists with the broadened mission to be the first permanent organization to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields The society chose William Charles Redfield as their first president because he had proposed the most comprehensive plans for the organization. According to

2871-404: The Association's constitution and bylaws, create new scientific sections, and organize and aid local chapters of the AAAS. The Council recently has new additions to it from different sections which include many youngsters as well. John Kerry of Chicago is the youngest American in the council and Akhil Ennamsetty of India is the youngest foreign council member. The board of directors is composed of

2958-515: The Bent inside a circle, with the words "Tau Beta Pi / The Engineering Honor Society" either to the right or underneath the symbol and is available in either blue or seal brown on a white background. The old logo, which featured a tilted 3D Bent and the words "Tau Beta Pi / The Engineering Honor Society" in a lighter blue color was discontinued in October 2019. A logo for Pi Day was developed in 2016 and features

3045-471: The Bent, members must adhere to strict guidelines regarding the exact dimensions of the trestle in order for the Bent to be a valid representation. The symbols on the Bent at the top and the bottom are an ancient form of Greek letters . The quarterly magazine of Tau Beta Pi is also titled The Bent . The logo of Tau Beta Pi was revised and approved at the 2019 Convention in Columbus, Ohio . The new logo features

3132-747: The Rita Allen Foundation, and the Heinz Endowments . AAAS provides in-kind support. In 1996, AAAS launched the EurekAlert! website, an editorially independent nonprofit news release distribution service covering all areas of science, medicine and technology. EurekAlert! provides news in English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Japanese, and, from 2007, in Chinese. Working staff journalists and freelancers who meet eligibility guidelines can access

3219-559: The Society as a lobbying tool for his agency, the US Coast Survey . Several prominent scientists lost interest in the AAAS, and the society's influence declined. The next turning point in the AAS history was the partnership with journal Science , which became the society's official publication in 1900, and provided the AAAS with some revenue through subscription and advertising. The AAAS become

3306-402: The U.S. federal research-and-development budget, to warn that a budget sequestration would have severe consequences for scientific progress. AAAS covers various areas of sciences and engineering. It has 24 sections, each with a committee and its chair. These committees are also entrusted with the annual evaluation and selection of Fellows . The sections are: The most recent Constitution of

3393-601: The United States can access SciLine's services, which include expert-matching, general media briefings, expert quote sheets, and quick fact sheets. As of July 2021, SciLine had fulfilled approximately 2,000 requests from 650 journalists through its expert-matching service. SciLine's financial supporters include the Quadrivium Foundation, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative , the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation ,

3480-630: The academic community, poetry, and reviews of current books and periodical literature. Notable people who have contributed to The Phi Kappa Phi Forum include Ronald Reagan , Bob Dole , Edward Kennedy , Jesse Jackson, Sr. , Newt Gingrich , Myrlie Evers-Williams , Michael Dukakis , Thomas "Tip" O'Neill , Annette Kolodny , Warren E. Burger , Ellis Marsalis, Jr. , and Molefi Kete Asante . Phi Kappa Phi awards more than $ 1.3 million in national and local scholarships annually, as well as grants and graduate fellowships . Baird's Manual of College Fraternities notes that aim of these awards "is not to give

3567-493: The admission of women to membership, 619 Women's Badges were awarded by 98 chapters. Those women later were offered full membership by their chapters after Tau Beta Pi initiated its first female members in 1969. Tau Beta Pi membership catalogs were published in 1898, 1911, 1916, 1926, 1932, and 1939. The 1946 Convention authorized discontinuance of them because of the excessive cost and limited usefulness. Today, membership can be verified online. Tau Beta Pi members gain access to

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3654-456: The association is accomplished only by vote of a collegiate chapter, and members' chapter designations are always those of the chapters that elected them. Members' class numerals are those of the years in which they received the engineering degrees on which their eligibility was based, although members with no engineering degree are designated by the year in which they were initiated. Candidates eligible for consideration for election to membership by

3741-466: The association's loan fund, or may accept election but postpone initiation for up to five years. Engineering graduate students whose scholarship places them in the top fifth of their graduate class and have completed at least 50% of their coursework or whose high-quality work is attested to by a faculty member may be elected to membership. Engineering alumni of a chapter's institution or of another recognized institution whose scholastic record placed them in

3828-419: The chair, Schaal will become the president, and a new president-elect will take office. Past presidents of AAAS have included some of the most important scientific figures of their time. Among them: explorer and geologist John Wesley Powell (1888); astronomer and physicist Edward Charles Pickering (1912); anthropologist Margaret Mead (1975); and biologist Stephen Jay Gould (2000). Notable presidents of

3915-427: The chapter constitution and by-laws. Phi Kappa Phi has over 300 college-based chapters in the United States , Puerto Rico , and the Philippines . O'Steen, Neal (1985). Making Heroes of Scholars: The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi 1971 – 1983 . Baton Rouge, LA: Phi Kappa Phi. ISBN   0-9614651-0-7 . Tau Beta Pi The Tau Beta Pi Association (commonly Tau Beta Pi , ΤΒΠ , or TBP )

4002-536: The committee: Professor Joseph Henry of Washington; Professor Benjamin Peirce of Cambridge, Massachusetts; Professor James H. Coffin of Easton, Pennsylvania, and Professor Stephen Alexander of Princeton , New Jersey. This was scientific cooperation, and Maury went back to Washington with great hopes for the future. In 1850, the first female members were accepted: astronomer Maria Mitchell and entomologist Margaretta Morris . Science educator Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps

4089-511: The community of scholars in service to others." The society published the first issue of The Phi Kappa Phi Journal in 1915. That year, the society established an association with the American Association for the Advancement of Science that would last until 1962. In 1919, Phi Kappa Phi was still struggling with securing growth, and in the spirit of "the unity and democracy of education", pushed to become part of technical schools. In 1922,

4176-488: The competition. In addition, Phi Kappa Phi fosters community service and leadership through its grants for local and national literacy initiatives, promotion of excellence grants, and training and leadership opportunities available to its membership. Some chapters sponsor conferences and campus speakers. Membership is by invitation only, by an established campus chapter, and is restricted to students with integrity and high ethical standards and who are ranked scholastically at

4263-488: The effects and tolerance of sexual harassment in the sciences, starting 15 October 2018, a Fellow's status can be revoked "in cases of proven scientific misconduct, serious breaches of professional ethics, or when the Fellow in the view of the AAAS otherwise no longer merits the status of Fellow." Formal meetings of the AAAS are numbered consecutively, starting with the first meeting in 1848. Meetings were not held 1861–1865 during

4350-572: The elected delegates there are always at least two members from the National Academy of Sciences and one from each region of the country. The President of the AAAS serves as the Chairperson of the council. Members serve the council for a term of three years. The council meets annually to discuss matters of importance to the AAAS. They have the power to review all activities of the Association, elect new fellows, adopt resolutions, propose amendments to

4437-543: The enduring values and ideals of learning and community leadership promoted by Phi Kappa Phi. Phi Kappa Phi publishes a quarterly journal, The Phi Kappa Phi Forum and the triannual Honor Chord e-zine . The society also publishes the Monthly Mentions newsletter. Each issue of The Phi Kappa Phi Forum is devoted to a significant theme and addresses prominent issues of the day from an interdisciplinary perspective. The journal features articles by scholars inside and outside

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4524-505: The fall of 1941, Tau Beta Pi's scholastic requirements were that eligible candidates stand in the top eighth of the junior class, but in the top quarter of the senior class. The classes graduating in 1942 were thus the first to be admitted under the higher requirement. Until 1969, membership in Tau Beta Pi was limited to men, although qualified women were offered an award called the Women's Badge. From its authorization in 1936 until its elimination by

4611-480: The federal government. These policy fellows spend one or two years working for the executive (130 positions), legislative (5 positions) or judicial (1 position) branches. The society's flagship publication is Science , a weekly interdisciplinary scientific journal . Other peer-reviewed journals published by the AAAS in the " Science family of journals" are Science Signaling , Science Translational Medicine , Science Immunology , Science Robotics and

4698-448: The field of engineering, and to foster a spirit of liberal culture in engineering colleges". When academic honor society Phi Beta Kappa sought to restrict its membership to students of the liberal arts in the late 19th century, Edward H. Williams Jr., a member of Phi Beta Kappa and head of the mining department at Lehigh University , formulated the idea of an honor society for those studying technical subjects. Irving Andrew Heikes,

4785-457: The first constitution which was agreed to at the September 20 meeting, the goal of the society was to promote scientific dialogue in order to allow for greater scientific collaboration. By doing so, the association aimed to use resources to conduct science with increased efficiency and allow for scientific progress at a greater rate. The association also sought to increase the resources available to

4872-481: The first woman was initiated into the society, Pearl Clayton Swain. In 1900, the society became national in scope by action of the presidents of the University of Maine (the founding chapter), University of Tennessee , and Pennsylvania State University . There was considerable debate among the three existing chapters regarding the purpose and naming of the society. Pennsylvania State University's President George W. Atherton cautioned that using Greek letters to label

4959-551: The interdisciplinary Science Advances . They also publish the non-peer-reviewed Science & Diplomacy . The society previously published the review journal Science Books & Films (SB&F). AAAS also publishes on behalf of other organizations through the Science Partner Journals (SPJ) program, with a focus on online-only open access journals. SciLine is a philanthropically funded and editorially independent service for journalists and scientists. Its launch

5046-518: The interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields. It is the world's largest general scientific society, with over 120,000 members, and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal Science . The American Association for the Advancement of Science was created on September 20, 1848, at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was a reformation of

5133-494: The latest studies before publication and obtain embargoed information in compliance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's Regulation Fair Disclosure policy. By early 2018, more than 14,000 reporters from more than 90 countries have registered for free access to embargoed materials. More than 5,000 active public information officers from 2,300 universities, academic journals, government agencies, and medical centers are credentialed to provide new releases to reporters and

5220-478: The liberal arts and sciences. Although Phi Beta Kappa was not exclusive to one discipline, it did not extend its membership beyond the liberal arts and sciences, hence the establishment of Tau Beta Pi, an honor society for engineering. Phi Beta Kappa became sufficient as an all-campus honor society for liberal arts colleges, but no honor society could serve as such for the universities encompassing both liberal education and also technological and professional education,

5307-424: The love of learning rule humanity". The society's motto is "Let the Love of Learning Rule Mankind". Phi Kappa Phi badge, which appears on the key and in the center of the society's seal, is the terrestrial globe with the sun's eight-rayed corona extending behind it. The sun represents the dissemination of truth and knowledge as light. The eight-rayed sun represents the various branches into which general education at

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5394-497: The merger of Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Tau was the conviction that a single, strong honor society would better serve the engineering profession. Tau Beta Pi awardees are not normally considered for membership in Phi Beta Kappa, and vice versa, owing to differences in the subjects for demonstrating distinction emphasized by each society. The honor they confer is equivalent. The colors of Tau Beta Pi are seal brown and white, which are

5481-428: The national association. The board may also speak publicly on behalf of the association. The board must also regularly correspond with the council to discuss their actions. The AAAS council elects every year, its members who are distinguished scientifically, to the grade of fellow ( FAAAS ). Election to AAAS is an honor bestowed by their peers and elected fellows are presented with a certificate and rosette pin. To limit

5568-409: The post until the end of the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting, 15 February 2016. (The chairperson is always the immediate past-president of AAAS.) The board of directors has a variety of powers and responsibilities. It is charged with the administration of all association funds, publication of a budget, appointment of administrators, proposition of amendments, and determining the time and place of meetings of

5655-466: The public's understanding of science". The awards are presented each year at the association's annual meeting. In addition to the aforementioned Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science program, AAAS offers a similarly-sounding but completely unrelated AAAS Policy Fellowship Programs , which provide Ph.D. scientists and M.S. engineers with opportunities to serve in

5742-457: The question of admitting African Americans into the society was raised openly, leadership decided that although the constitution did not debar African Americans, the society would not "urge the election of colored people" because the "southern institutions would resent it." Nonetheless, in 1925 the society as a whole formally took the position that it would not discriminate on color or race. Also in 1925, Phi Kappa Phi would be instrumental in creating

5829-452: The recipient something which may encourage complacency, but to challenge the member to continued excellence." To support first-year graduate work, the society now offers annually through the Foundation sixty Fellowships and thirty Awards of Excellence, on a competitive basis, to graduating students who have been initiated into the society and who have also been nominated by their chapters for

5916-570: The resurrected AAAS at a meeting in New York City . Following the revival of the AAAS, the group had considerable growth. The AAAS permitted all people, regardless of scientific credentials, to join. The AAAS did, however, institute a policy of granting the title of " Fellow of the AAAS " to well-respected scientists within the organization. At the same time, the recovered AAAS faced competition from several newly established learned societies , such as National Academy of Sciences (founded in 1863),

6003-445: The school colors of Lehigh. The official badge, called the Bent, is a watch key in the shape of the bent of a trestle . The trestle is the load-bearing part of the bridge, representing Tau Beta Pi's principle of Integrity and Excellence In Engineering. Originally, the keys could be used to wind watches. However, because watches have since been fabricated with their own winding mechanisms, modern keys do not have this ability. When using

6090-510: The scientific community through active advocacy of science. There were only 78 members when the AAAS was formed. As a member of the new scientific body, Matthew Fontaine Maury , USN was one of those who attended the first 1848 meeting. At a meeting held on Friday afternoon, September 22, 1848, Redfield presided, and Matthew Fontaine Maury gave a full scientific report on his Wind and Current Charts . Maury stated that hundreds of ship navigators were now sending abstract logs of their voyages to

6177-426: The scientific curriculum of schools. In December 2006, the AAAS adopted an official statement on climate change , in which they stated, "The scientific evidence is clear: global climate change caused by human activities is occurring now, and it is a growing threat to society....The pace of change and the evidence of harm have increased markedly over the last five years. The time to control greenhouse gas emissions

6264-415: The separateness and exclusivity promoted by the social fraternities and discipline bound honor societies, Urann wanted to create a society that was defined by inclusiveness and that unified a campus, constituted by "high-rank men drawn from all classes and all groups and all societies". Those selected for invitation into the society would be the top ten students of the senior class whose rank did not fall below

6351-613: The soc"Schriver 1971 36"/> During the two world wars and into the 1960s, society membership numbers and finances struggled. In 1963, Chapter 105 was chartered at the oldest and largest university system in the American territory of Puerto Rico , Universidad de Puerto Rico . By 1969, new member numbers were triple what they were in 1960. That year, the Phi Kappa Phi Foundation was incorporated to promote academic excellence and achievement using scholarships and fellowships. In

6438-714: The social impact of science and engineering, and statistics . AAAS affiliates include 262 societies and academies of science , serving more than 10 million members, from the Acoustical Society of America to the Wildlife Society , as well as non-mainstream groups like the Parapsychological Association . The council is composed of the members of the Board of Directors, the retiring section chairmen, elected delegates and affiliated foreign council members. Among

6525-421: The society was the establishment of its Congressional Fellowship program in 1973, which was kick-started by a US$ 10,000 donation from William T. Golden . Alan I. Leshner , AAAS CEO from 2001 until 2015, published many op-ed articles discussing how many people integrate science and religion in their lives. He has opposed the insertion of non-scientific content, such as creationism or intelligent design , into

6612-461: The society would be "too much like aping other organizations", and President Charles W. Dabney of the University of Tennessee did not want to accept institutions that already had a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa . Nonetheless, on June 12, 1900, the society changed its name to Phi Kappa Phi, drawing from the initial letters of the Greek words forming its motto. In 1900, the three original chapters convened

6699-469: The society's first national convention in New Haven, Connecticut . In 1915, Phi Kappa Phi continued to struggle to earn a reputation. The then secretary of the organization, L. H. Pammel, pointed out that institutions that were seeking to establish a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa were often hesitant about establishing a chapter of Phi Kappa Phi. To this, the society continued to make its case: Phi Beta Kappa, which

6786-517: The sole owner of Science in 1946. The post- World War II big science , driven by major scientific and technical breakthroughs (such as space flight , nuclear power and the discovery of DNA ) brought in an increased public interest in science in the USA, and thus growing sales of the journal, which were further multiplied by shrewd businesses decisions by its editors Dael Wolfle (1954-1970) and William D. Carey (1974-1985). Another important event for

6873-399: The time was divided, and the arrangement of the rays "stood for the unity and democracy of the various branches of learning" Encompassing the globe is a band with the Greek letters Phi ( Φ ) Kappa ( K ) Phi ( Φ ). This band represents the bond of fellowship that binds all lovers of learning to a common purpose. The society's seal features its badge at its center. This in turn is surrounded by

6960-483: The top fifth of their class may be elected to membership. Such candidates are usually recommended to the chapter by a member who knows them. In all cases the requisite scholastic attainment makes candidates eligible for membership consideration. They are further considered on the basis of the association's exemplary character requirement. Persons who have achieved eminence in engineering may be elected to membership without regard to collegiate records. If they graduated from

7047-499: The top of their class, regardless of field of study: the top 7.5 percent of second-semester university juniors and the top 10 percent of seniors and graduate students. Faculty, professional staff and alumni who have achieved scholarly distinction also might be eligible. Phi Kappa Phi claims to have over 100,000 active members, to initiate approximately 30,000 new members annually, and to have a total of more than one million members since its creation, from over 300 college-based chapters in

7134-502: The world. Tau Beta Pi has an active fellowship and scholarship program supported by alumni members and other supporters. Some of the results of these programs are: One initiative provided by Tau Beta Pi is the MindSET (Math, Science, Engineering, Technology) K-12 program. This program is designed to foster interest in engineering among elementary, middle, and high school students with classroom and hands-on activities. The goal of MindSET

7221-597: Was announced in an October 27, 2017 article in Science by founding director Rick Weiss, former communications chief at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and science reporter at the Washington Post . Its stated mission is to increase the amount and quality of research-backed evidence in news stories by connecting U.S. journalists to scientists and to validated scientific information. Reporters in

7308-527: Was elected in 1859. By 1860, membership increased to over 2,000. Although the AAAS became dormant during the American Civil War (their August 1861 meeting in Nashville, Tennessee , was postponed indefinitely after the outbreak of the first major engagement of the war at Bull Run ), the association recovered after the end of the hostilities. In 1866, Frederick Barnard presided over the first meeting of

7395-428: Was later asserted that the society's aim was not to replace older societies, but to "help raise the broader educational program initiated by our government when it established the land-grant system, to the appreciation of scholarly worth whether the subject matter be strictly academic or of a more vocational type." Its mission is "to recognize and promote academic excellence in all fields of higher education and to engage

7482-434: Was repeated time after time, represented the literary side of education such as history, literature, and economics. 'The Phi Kappa Phi on the other hand stands not only for the democracy of education, making no distinction between different lines of investigation, such as literature, history, science, home economics, agriculture, veterinary medicine, and law, but for sound scholarship based on four years of collegiate work.' It

7569-548: Was suggested whether the states of Christendom might not be induced to cooperate with their Navies in the undertaking; at least so far as to cause abstracts of their log-books and sea journals to be furnished to Matthew F. Maury, USN, at the Naval Observatory at Washington ." William Barton Rogers , professor at the University of Virginia and later founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , offered

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