65-457: The Pesa Link is a family of diesel multiple unit trains built by Pesa . First units entered service in 2012. The first contract for the delivery of 31 Link units to the Czech Republic was signed on March 17, 2011. The first unit arrived in the country on May 10, 2012 to undergo month-long testing. The first two units entered service with České dráhy on September 21, 2012. The last Link
130-787: A Stadler FLIRT fleet, with 20 trains DEMU version. Germany has employed DMUs for both commuter and express services for many decades. The SVT 877 Fliegender Hamburger DMU, introduced in 1933, made the run from Berlin to Hamburg in an astonishing 138 minutes, and its derivative SVT 137 broke the land speed record in 1936. After World War 2, the VT 11.5 DMU was the flagship of the glamorous Trans Europ Express . Since 1968, DB has designated DMUs with class numbers beginning in 6. While DB and regional transport authorities generally prefer electric power for commuter rail, many local and rural lines remain un-electrified, and DMUs are invaluable in providing services to those areas. DMUs in service as of 2021 include
195-621: A WDM-2 or WDM-3A locomotive in the middle. These old trains had the loco controls duplicated in the Driving Trailer coach and all the actuation information reaching the locomotive through thin communication lines. This was called 'push-pull train'. The longest running such push-pull service operated between Diva – Bhiwandi Road and Vasai Road and was recently converted into an MEMU train service in 2018. India's first and largest DMU shed at Jalandhar , Punjab, holds more than 90 units placed in service all over Punjab. First generation DMU: Rated power
260-599: A locomotive hauled service. Today, DMUs are widely used throughout Australia's southern states: In Queensland, heritage DMUs are used on the Savannahlander and Gulflander tourist trains. Chinese manufactured (CNR Tangshan) DEMU was introduced in Bangladesh from 25 May 2013. DEMU is the country's first-ever commuter train service starting its journey on the Chittagong–Fouzdarhat line. These DEMUs also operate on
325-406: A marginal improvement in the net rate of fatal incidents compared to the same (non-British Rail) period before nationalisation, which reduced potential passengers' confidence. The British railway industry failed to keep track with the safety regime of its aviation industry, which by the 2000s became its national precedent and contributed to a swift decline in fatalities. As to lines closed during
390-562: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Diesel multiple unit A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines . A DMU requires no separate locomotive , as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as DMUs. Diesel-powered units may be further classified by their transmission type: diesel–mechanical DMMU , diesel–hydraulic DHMU , or diesel–electric DEMU . The diesel engine may be located above
455-484: Is provided by DMU tilting trains " RegioSwinger " (Croatian series 7123) since 2004. Those trains may also cover other lines in the country depending on need and availability. Luxury DMU series 7021 , built in France , started to operate for Yugoslav Railways in 1972 and after 1991 still remained in service of Croatian Railways until 2005. Units 7121 and 7122 (which came as a replacement for 7221 units), together with
520-569: The "Big 4" companies, including the Southern. The Transport Act 1947 provided for the nationalisation of all heavy rail systems in the UK to allow for this investment and, in theory, to improve the rights of railway workers. The railway companies were amalgamated into British Railways, part of the British Transport Commission , and six geographic and administrative regions were created out of
585-702: The Bexhill West Branch Line , plus goods yards including Deptford Wharf and Falcon Lane. The lines in Devon and Cornwall were reclassified to the Western Region and the Southern's luxury trains, including the Atlantic Coast Express and the Brighton Belle , ceased in the 1960s and 70s. The Snow Hill tunnel between Blackfriars and Farringdon closed in the 1960s, then later reopened as part of
650-671: The Bluebell and Steyning lines and also those secondary and branch lines in the area which were later dieselized such as the Marshlink and Oxted-Uckfield lines. This plan was, however, overtaken by the Transport Act 1947 which brought about the creation of British Railways . The first new scheme to be adopted by the Southern Region was implemented in two Phases. Owing to restricted clearances, existing electric stock could not be used on
715-798: The Bluebell Railway ), and most of the Isle of Wight's lines were closed in the 1950s. The Beeching Axe severely cut route mileages of most regions but the Southern escaped major losses in the London area due to high passenger numbers on its frequent suburban services. The Axe did, however, close some country routes including the Cuckoo Line , the Cranleigh Line , the Steyning Line , the New Romney branch line and
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#1732858149668780-703: The Bombardier Voyager , each car is entirely self-contained and has its own engine, generator and electric motors. In other designs, such as the British Rail Class 207 or the Stadler GTW and Stadler FLIRT DMU , some cars within the consist may be entirely unpowered or only feature electric motors, obtaining electric current from other cars in the consist which have a generator and engine. With diesel–electric transmission, some DMU can be no other than an EMU without pantograph or contact shoes (for use on
845-579: The Chittagong Circular Railway and on the Bangladesh Railway 's service between Dhaka and Narayanganj . Mexican manufacturer Ferrovias Del Bajio supplied in 2019, three DSUs (Diesel Single Unit) to Royal Railway in Cambodia for their airport shuttle service from Phnom Penh international airport to the city central station. The other two units were assigned to long-distance services from
910-525: The Eurostar 's Waterloo International railway station terminal. These platforms were closed after international services moved to St Pancras International in 2007. They were reopened respectively in 2017 and 2018 to increase capacity for suburban services. The 1973 plan to build a tunnel under the English Channel also included plans to upgrade the infrastructure of the Southern Region between London and
975-700: The InterCity brand. British Rail built a fleet of electric units to operate Bournemouth services from Waterloo in the 1980s, with Mark 3 bodies and plug doors. These Class 442 (5-WES) units later transferred to the Brighton Main Line in 2008 on Gatwick Express services from Victoria, run by the Southern franchise , before returning to South Western Railway in 2019. The last slam door units ran in mainline operations in November 2005. New safety regulations prohibiting
1040-460: The Kent coast. The plan assumed that the main railhead for "The Chunnel" would be at Ashford Kent station. To that end, rolling stock on the London to Dover via Ashford services was refurbished and heavier rails were laid to allow for longer trains and increased freight. The 1973 tunnel plan was cancelled in 1975. The 1986 tunnel plan, which was approved and eventually built, used the same assumptions as
1105-592: The Kent and East Sussex Railway and the North Devon and Cornwall Junction Light Railway . The Southern Region served southern London , Kent , Surrey , Sussex , Hampshire , the Isle of Wight , and some areas of Dorset , Wiltshire and Berkshire . There was also an unelectrified service to parts of Devon and Cornwall , deep in what was largely Western Region territory, known colloquially as "The Withered Arm" . The Southern Region also assumed operating responsibility for
1170-590: The Oxted line , the Hastings line and the North Downs line . Isle of Wight railway lines used elderly steam engines cascaded from the mainland for many years, but in 1966 the Southern Region acquired some redundant "Standard" tube stock from London Transport that varied build dates between 1923 and 1934. Most of the lines in the island had been closed in the 1950s and early 1960s, but the remaining route from Ryde to Shanklin
1235-624: The West Croydon to Wimbledon Line in 2000. The Waterloo & City line (nicknamed 'The Drain' by both staff and users), British Rail's only "Tube" service, was given over to London Underground upon the Privatisation of British Rail in 1994. The Southern Railway had adopted a plan to convert all lines east of Portsmouth to third rail electric traction in November 1946, to be completed by 1955. This plan would have included several branch and secondary lines that were subsequently closed such as
1300-507: The national railways ) had been built since the 1920s, the first two streamlined DMUs came in service in 1937, class Kiha 43000 (キハ43000系). The service of several hundreds (in sum even thousands) of diesel railcars and DMUs started in 1950s following the improvement of fuel supply that was critical during World War II . In 2021, Kenya acquired DMUs from France to operate in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. These trains connect
1365-639: The 1950s and 1960s, but some Southern Railway-style units survived until the mid-1990s. By that time, much of the Region's slam door fleet reached the end of its design life of 35–40 years and was replaced by more reliable sliding- and plug-door stock - much of it after privatisation (mainly using Electrostar and Desiro trains) - although BR started to replace inner suburban trains from the 1970s. A fleet of diesel-electric multiple units , also known by enthusiasts as "Thumpers" because of their distinctive engines, ran on non- or partly-electrified routes. These include
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#17328581496681430-514: The 1973 plan and Ashford Kent became Ashford International . By this time the Southern Region had been abolished. Until 1980 the Southern Region operated the Night Ferry sleeper train (jointly with SNCF ) from London Victoria to Paris and Brussels. The Southern Railway and its predecessor companies have had little competition from London Transport south of the River Thames , where the subsoil
1495-836: The Adtranz Class 612 tilting train ("Regio Swinger"), the Alstom Coradia LINT (Classes 620–623, 640 and 648), the Siemens Desiro (Class 642) and the Bombardier Talent (Class 643/644). From 2001 to 2016 there was even a DMU version of DB's high-speed Intercity Express , the Class 605 ICE TD . In the Republic of Ireland the Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), which controlled the republic's railways between 1945 and 1986, introduced DMUs in
1560-468: The FRA. This has greatly restricted the development of DMUs within the U.S. as no other country requires the much heavier FRA compliant vehicles, and no export market for them exists. Operations using FRA-compliant vehicles: Operations using non FRA-compliant vehicles: Proposed operations: DMUs were first introduced to Australia in the late mid-20th century for use on quiet branch lines that could not justify
1625-498: The London suburbs) was electrified in 1967 and included the services from London Waterloo station to Southampton and Bournemouth. Electrification was extended all the way to Weymouth in 1988. Existing electric stock could not be used on the line between Tonbridge and Hastings because of restricted clearances in four tunnels along the route. In 1986, the Hastings Line was electrified with single tracks through tunnels, enabling
1690-722: The PNR in the island of Luzon . Even without active inter-city rail services in the present-day, DMUs are still used on the PNR Metro Commuter Line in Metro Manila and the Bicol Commuter service in the Bicol Region . Three generations of DMUs are in use: second-hand DMUs handed over by JR East such as the KiHa 35 , 52 and 59 series originally built in the 1960s and acquired in
1755-686: The Slovenská strela motor express train led on the Bratislava-Prague route by a motor car of the same name, or the Tatran express from Bratislava to Košice. Representatives of high-speed motor wagons were, for example, motor wagons of the M262 or M286 series, which, however, lost their application in high-speed wagons due to the gradual electrification of main lines and were, like the current wagons currently used for passenger trains. The first significant use of DMUs in
1820-773: The Somerset & Dorset Joint Railway (although the provision of motive power fell to the London Midland Region). There were three operating divisions: Eastern, Central and Western which correspond approximately to the three current franchise areas. The Region's chief stations in Central London were: Other major stations in London included: Outside Greater London the main stations were: Southern and Western Regions had important interchanges at Reading and Exeter St Davids . Underused stations such as those between East Grinstead and Lewes (a few of them later reopened with
1885-650: The U.S. was the Budd Rail Diesel Car (RDC). The RDC was a single passenger car with two diesel engines and two sets of controls. In the United States, DMU systems must be FRA-compliant to be permitted on freight rail corridors. The Federal Railway Administration has mandated higher coupling strength requirements than European regulators, effectively prohibiting the use of lighter weight European-style inter-city rail DMUs on U.S. main line railways without timesharing with freight operations or special waivers from
1950-523: The US, but new services are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. As a result, several types of lightweight DMUs have been used: Costa Rica has purchased several Apolo 2400 series DMU railcars from the former narrow gauge operator in Spain, which are run in commuter service. 42 X'Trapolis Tsíimin K'áak train sets have been ordered for Tren Maya , 10 of which are DMU and 32 are EDMU. A type of diesel multiple units in
2015-631: The United Kingdom was by the Great Western Railway , which introduced its small but successful series of diesel–mechanical GWR railcars in 1934. The London & North Eastern Railway and London, Midland & Scottish Railway also experimented with DMUs in the 1930s, the LMS both on its own system , and on that of its Northern Irish subsidiary , but development was curtailed by World War II . After nationalisation, British Railways (BR) revived
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2080-567: The central station to Sihanoukville and to Poipet. Royal Railways Cambodia have now acquired eleven carriages DMU from Japan. Model: " Kiha 183 heavy snow ". (キハ183系オホーツク・大雪) Speed: 110 km/h (max) Type: 特急 (Limited Express) Started: 1986 ............ End of Service in Japan 17 March 2023 DMUs (DEMUs) are widely used in India. DEMUs in India are used in both the eight-coach format and the four-coach format. These trains replaced many (up to 10 car) trains with
2145-643: The city with settlements outside Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and the Nairobi Terminus. The Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) has a total of 13 DMU KTM Class 61 ordered from CRRC for the West Coast Line and are assembled locally at CRRCs Batu Gajah factory from 2016 to 2020. The first scheduled service is expected from 1 September along the Gemas-Johor Bahru route, replacing old non-automotive stock. The Philippine National Railways (PNR)
2210-538: The completion of large-scale electrification. Consequently, the Southern Region was the last region in Britain to regularly use steam on high speed expresses and to have steam operated branch lines. Steam traction over the region finally ended in July 1967, to be replaced by a combination of multiple units and locomotives . The region had ordered large fleets of slam-door electric multiple unit rolling stock with Mark 1 bodies in
2275-418: The concept in the early 1950s. At that time there was an urgent need to move away from expensive steam traction which led to many experimental designs using diesel propulsion and multiple units . The early DMUs proved successful, and under BR's 1955 Modernisation Plan the building of a large fleet was authorised. These BR "First Generation" DMUs were built between 1956 and 1963. BR required that contracts for
2340-527: The country depending on need and availability too. Also, the DMUs were manufactured for foreign carriers. The tables of cars and units are divided into vehicles operated until 1987, when the ČSD used the series designations proposed by Vojtěch Kryšpín , and vehicles created after this date, which no longer have Kryšpín's designations (with some exceptions). In addition, these new cars are the new vehicles are already different in both countries. Elron has since 2015
2405-408: The design and manufacture of new locomotives and rolling stock be split between numerous private firms as well as BR's own workshops, while different BR Regions laid down different specifications. The result was a multitude of different types, one of which was: In 1960, British Railways introduced its Blue Pullman high-speed DEMUs. These were few in number and relatively short-lived, but they paved
2470-430: The driver, as in the great majority of first-generation British Rail DMUs, but in most applications, gears are changed automatically. In a diesel–hydraulic multiple unit (DHMU), a hydraulic torque converter , a type of fluid coupling, acts as the transmission medium for the motive power of the diesel engine to turn the wheels. Some units feature a hybrid mix of hydraulic and mechanical transmissions, usually reverting to
2535-653: The earliest proposals of the Thameslink Programme . At the same time, Holborn Viaduct in central London closed in 1990, replaced with City Thameslink occupying the same site at an underground level. In the late 1990s, the Addiscombe Line and the West Croydon to Wimbledon Line in south London were closed as these routes were replaced by the Croydon Tramlink . As a contrast, London Waterloo had been extensively refurbished and expanded to allow development of
2600-506: The early 2010s, the Rotem DMUs of 2009 built by Korean manufacturer Hyundai Rotem , and the 8000 and 8100 classes built by Indonesian firm PT INKA . Southern Region of British Railways The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised. The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s. The region covered south London , southern England and
2665-543: The few remaining unelectrified lines. As electrification progresses, the DMUs become less and less important. Diesel multiple units cover large number of passenger lines in Croatia which are operated by the national passenger service operator HŽ Putnički Prijevoz . On Croatian Railways, DMUs have important role since they cover local, regional and distant lines all across the country. The country's two largest towns, Zagreb and Split , are connected with an inter-city service that
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2730-444: The former British Rail Southern Region ), which "is substituted" by one or more on-board diesel generators ; this kind of DEMU can be potentially upgraded to electro-diesel multiple unit (EDMU), becoming a bi-mode multiple units train (BMU), just adding one or two pantographs or contact shoes (with opportune converters, if necessary) and related modifications on the electric system. NMBS/SNCB uses its NMBS/SNCB Class 41 DMUs on
2795-432: The frame in an engine bay or under the floor. Driving controls can be at both ends, on one end, or in a separate car. DMUs are usually classified by the method of transmitting motive power to their wheels. In a diesel–mechanical multiple unit (DMMU), the rotating energy of the engine is transmitted via a gearbox and driveshaft directly to the wheels of the train, like a car . The transmissions can be shifted manually by
2860-548: The government took back control of the Connex South Eastern franchise and operated it as South Eastern Trains until it was franchised to Govia again as Southeastern in 2006. As part of a general reorganisation of franchises, Island Line (on the Isle of Wight) was merged with South West Trains in 2005 to form the South Western franchise . Thameslink became part of First Capital Connect in 2006, and Gatwick Express
2925-410: The latter at higher operating speeds as this decreases engine RPM and noise. In a diesel–electric multiple unit (DEMU), a diesel engine drives an electrical generator or an alternator which produces electrical energy . The generated current is then fed to electric traction motors on the wheels or bogies in the same way as a conventional diesel–electric locomotive . On some DEMUs, such as
2990-478: The mid '80s, British Rail embarked upon its so called "Sprinterisation" programme, to replace most of the first generation DMUs and many locomotive-hauled trains with three new families of DMU: Following the impact of the privatisation of British Rail in the late 1990s, several other DMU families have been introduced: In 2018, the first bi and tri-mode electro-diesel multiple units were introduced: Canada generally follows similar buffer strength requirements to
3055-588: The mid-1950s and they were the first diesel trains on many main lines. DMUs are used mostly on shorter or less frequently travelled routes in remote areas. The national railway company CFR still uses, along with other DMU models, Class 77 and 78 DMUs, locally built by Malaxa between the 1930s and 50s and refurbished in the 70s. The main DMU in use is the Class 96 Siemens Desiro aka Săgeata Albastră (The Blue Arrow). Private operators also largely use DMU units, mainly purchased from various French and German operators. In
3120-545: The new Thameslink Southern & Great Northern franchise (TSGN), including the South Central franchise Govia were already operating. On 26 July 2015 the South Central franchise ended and its services were incorporated into TSGN franchise; Govia announced that they would continue to use the Southern and Gatwick Express brands. In August 2017, South Western Railway commenced operations in the South Western franchise. At
3185-450: The newest series 7022 and 7023 built in 2010s Croatia, cover many of the country's local and regional services on unelectrified or partly electrified lines. Diesel multiple units also cover large number of passenger lines in the Czech Republic which are operated by the national operator České dráhy . They have important role since they cover local, regional and distant lines all across the country. Those trains may also cover other lines in
3250-562: The power cars were later reclassified as locomotives under Class 43 . HSTs started being replaced in 2017, but as of October 2022 some are still in use. By the early 1980s, many of the surviving First Generation units were reaching the end of their design life, leading to spiralling maintenance costs, poor reliability and a poor public image for the railway. A stopgap solution was to convert some services back to locomotive haulage, as spare locomotives and hauled coaching stock were available, but this also increased operating costs. Commencing in
3315-583: The present, several types of DMUs operate in Slovakia. Was the most common type in Slovakia is a Class 812 ZSSK based on the ČD Class 810 . These are used almost exclusively for hauling passenger trains on non-electrified regional lines and these trains often excel in low travel speeds. In the past, however, in Slovakia there were a number of express trains driven by motor coaches , which often overcame heavier trains driven by steam locomotives at cruising speed, and classic sets. A typical example can be, for example,
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#17328581496683380-549: The previous four companies. The Southern Railway, being relatively self-contained and operated largely by electric traction, was incorporated almost intact as the new Southern Region. The acting General Manager of the Southern Railway, John Elliot became the first Chief Regional Officer of the Southern Region. The Southern Region also inherited some independent light railways , namely the East Kent Light Railway ,
3445-423: The railways of the Isle of Wight . The surviving line between Ryde and Shanklin was therefore electrified in March 1967 using converted stock originally built for London Electric Railway in 1921. These became British Rail Classes 485 and 486 . During the mid 1980s these were replaced by Class 483 , which were also rebuilt from former London Underground stock. The first phase of South West Main Line (beyond
3510-424: The south coast, including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent, Sussex and Surrey. The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area. The Southern Railway was still comparatively profit-making despite World War II , thanks to its extensive third rail DC electrification and the intensive service patterns this allowed for. However, large-scale investment was required in the infrastructure of all of
3575-453: The time of its creation the Southern Region still had large numbers of steam locomotives The Southern Region also owned three locomotive works at Ashford , Brighton , and Eastleigh , two carriage works (Eastleigh and Lancing ) and a wagon works at Ashford. Most of these closed before privatisation. Unlike the other regions of British Railways, the Southern Region did not rush to withdraw its steam locomotives, instead using them right up to
3640-450: The use of generic rolling stock. The former London, Brighton and South Coast Railway and the South Eastern Railway joint line between Croydon and Oxted, and the LB&SCR line to East Grinstead was electrified in 1987. But the branch line to Uckfield remains operated by diesel multiple units . The Southern Region was abolished in 1992 because British Rail had decided to move from regional management to business sectors . The Region
3705-536: The use of trains with slam doors (unless equipped with secondary or central locking ) were not introduced until the last examples could be withdrawn. Exceptionally, some slam door units were allowed to stay in service for another couple of years by special derogation on the Lymington Pier "heritage" branch before they retired permanently in 2010. Some Mark 1 units have been preserved by heritage railways ever since. A lack of investment and focus on infrastructure maintenance and collision safeguards across institutions led to
3770-440: The way for the very successful InterCity 125 or High Speed Train (HST) units, which were built between 1975 and 1982 to take over most principal express services on non-electrified routes. These 125 mph (201 km/h) trains run with a streamlined power car at each end and (typically) seven to nine intermediate trailer cars. Although originally classified as DEMUs, the trailer cars are very similar to loco-hauled stock, and
3835-633: Was 700 HP and had three or six coaches, made first by ICF. Transmission was Voith-hydraulic. Max speed 100 km/h. Second generation DMU: Rated power is 1400 HP and have eight coaches. Max speed is 105 km/h. Transmission is DC electric. Made at ICF and RCF . Third generation DMU: Rated power is 1,600 HP and have ten coaches. Max speed is 110 km/h. Transmission is AC electric. Made at ICF . State-owned company PT.INKA builds several type of DMU, some of which operate in urban and suburban areas. In Japan, where gasoline-driven railbuses (on small private lines) and railmotors ( Kihani 5000 of
3900-638: Was delivered on January 16, 2014. Unit 844 006 was destroyed in a collision at Milavče on August 4, 2021. Because of the extent of the damage, the DMU did not return to service and became a source of spare parts for the rest of the fleet. Koleje Dolnośląskie 's Link units were built in 2014 and 2015. In April 2017, the first Link unit for Polregio was delivered. The four Koleje Wielkopolskie Link units were ordered in 2018. The first Pesa Link in Germany entered service with Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn in 2016. Link units operated by Deutsche Bahn are classified as 632 and 633. This Polish rail-related article
3965-452: Was divided between two of the new passenger businesses: Network SouthEast and InterCity . When the British Rail passenger services were privatised in the 1990s the lines of the former region were divided between South West Trains , Thameslink , Island Line , Thames Trains , Gatwick Express , Connex South Central and Connex South Eastern . In 2002 the South Central franchise was awarded to Govia and rebranded it " Southern ". Next,
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#17328581496684030-419: Was electrified to normal Southern Region third rail specification, and the "Standard" tube stock was converted (from LT's fourth rail to third) so that it could be run on it. In the late-1980s these trains were replaced by more redundant LT tube stock , this time dating from 1938. Few Mark 2 multiple units were built but some driving trailers were introduced for Gatwick Airport express services, then operated by
4095-416: Was largely unsuitable for tunnelling and the mainline railways had extensive networks in place before the underground railways were developed. London Underground's services were advanced over Southern Region (and other) tracks, either through dual-running or by ceding BR tracks to LUL. The LUL service to Wimbledon for instance slowly replaced the former Southern Region service. Tramlink , however, took over
4160-454: Was merged with Southern in 2007. The North Downs Line was taken over by First Great Western , which in 2014 was renamed Great Western Railway . In the early years of its franchise, South West Trains reinstated 'West of England line' services beyond Exeter to Plymouth and Paignton, but these were cut back again (after only two years of operation) in order to strengthen its core service to Exeter. Also in 2014, Govia had been selected to operate
4225-459: Was one of the first adopters of diesel multiple unit trains in Asia. Initially built as gasoline-powered railmotors, the locally assembled Manila Railroad RMC class of 1929 was the first to be powered by diesel traction. Some units were also converted to streamliner units by 1932 for first-class services on the South Main Line between Manila and Legazpi, Albay . Since then, generations of DMUs were used chiefly for short-distance commuter services by
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