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22-609: The official seal of the university depicts Saint Herculan , one of the patron saints, and the rampant crowned griffin , which is the city symbol; they represent the ecclesiastical and civil powers, respectively, which gave rise to the university in the Middle Ages. One of the "free" universities of Italy, it was elevated into a studium generale on September 8, 1308, by the Bull "Super specula" of Clement V . A school of arts existed by about 1200, in which medicine and law were soon taught, with

44-523: A Bull confirming the papal elevation and raising it to the rank of an imperial university. This unusual mark of favour was given to assist Perugia after the terrible plague years of 1348–49. In 1362 the Collegium Gregorianum (later called the Sapienza vecchia ) was founded by Cardinal Nicolò Capocci for the maintenance of forty youths. Gregory XI , by Brief of October 11, 1371, gave the privileges of

66-411: A location for the saint on whose feast or commemoration day they first visited the place, with that saint naturally becoming the area's patron. Occupations sometimes have a patron saint who had been connected somewhat with it, although some of the connections were tenuous. Lacking such a saint, an occupation would have a patron whose acts or miracles in some way recall the profession. For example, when

88-540: A strong commitment expressed by official documents of the City Council of Perugia. Before 1300 there were several universitates scholiarum . Jacobus de Belviso , a famous civil jurist, taught here from 1316 to 1321. By Bull on August 1, 1318, John XXII granted the privilege of conferring degrees in civil and canon law, and on February 18, 1321, in medicine and arts. On May 19, 1355, the Emperor Charles IV issued

110-463: A studium generale to the new faculty of theology. This faculty was suppressed and its property merged into the university in 1811. The Collegio di S. Girolamo was founded by Benedetto Guidalotti, Bishop of Recanatias a free hostel for impecunious strangers who wished to study law and medicine in 1426, with Martin V 's approval, and transferred (as the Sapienza nuova ) to the University. Suppressed by

132-544: A total enrolment of over 27,000 students for the 2021–2022 academic year. Among its eminent teachers were: Among its students have been: The 1973 film Torso , a giallo directed by Sergio Martino , retrospectively recognized as one of the first "proto- slasher films ", is set at the University of Perugia and surrounding locales. 43°06′58″N 12°23′10″E  /  43.116°N 12.386°E  / 43.116; 12.386 Herculanus of Perugia Herculanus of Perugia ( Italian : Ercolano ; died 549 AD)

154-665: A vast selection of first and second-level and single-cycle degree programs, the University of Perugia offers its main courses in Perugia and Terni , and specialized programs throughout the Umbria region in the cities of Assisi , Foligno , and Narni . The faculties into which the university is divided are: Its research programs are conducted by 14 departments with a total of 1,200 full-time staff. The University's activities also include 25 service organizations and research centers as well as 11 libraries with rich collections and equipment. It had

176-489: Is considered a special intercessor with God and the proper advocate of a particular locality, occupation, etc., and merits a special form of religious observance. A term in some ways comparable is "titular", which is applicable only to a church or institution. Although Islam has no codified doctrine of patronage on the part of saints, it has nevertheless been an important part of both Sunni and Shia Islamic traditions that particularly important classical saints have served as

198-480: Is said to have given orders for Herculanus to be completely flayed . However, the Ostrogoth soldier who had to perform this task took pity on the bishop and decapitated Herculanus before the flaying had been completed. Gregory writes that forty days after the head of Herculanus had been cut off, it was found to have been miraculously reunited to his body. The inhabitants of the castle of Cisterna in Umbria , above

220-463: Is said to have tried to save the city by feeding the last sack of grain to the last lamb . This was meant to give the Ostrogoth forces the impression that the Perugians had food to spare, and were able to feed a weak lamb with their precious grain. With food to spare, they were thus able to withstand the siege. However, Totila was not fooled by this trick and captured the city just the same. Totila

242-495: The Catholic catechism a person's patron saint, having already attained the beatific vision , is able to intercede with God for their needs. Apart from Lutheranism and Anglicanism, it is, however, generally discouraged in other Protestant branches, such as Reformed Christianity , where the practice is considered a form of idolatry . A saint can be assigned as a patron by a venerable tradition, or chosen by election. The saint

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264-683: The 18th century. Elijah and Jethro ( Shuaib ) are considered patron saints of the Druze people . In the Old Testament , Jethro was Moses ' father-in-law, a Kenite shepherd and priest of Midian . Muslim scholars and the Druze identify Jethro with the prophet Shuaib, also said to come from Midian. Shuaib or Jethro of Midian is considered an ancestor of the Druze who revere him as their spiritual founder and chief prophet. Druze identify Elijah as "al- Khidr ". Druze, like some Christians , believe that

286-718: The French in 1798, it was reopened in 1807 by Pius VII as the Collegio Pio . In the Constitution of August 27, 1824, Leo XII made this the chief college of the university. With the unification of Italy in 1860 the University of Perugia was established under the jurisdiction of the Rector and the Town Council, who issued statutes subject to approval by the Government. From 1944 to the present,

308-566: The Prophet Elijah came back as Saint John the Baptist , since they believe in reincarnation and the transmigration of the soul, Druze believe that El Khidr and Saint John the Baptist are one and the same; along with Saint George . Due to the Christian influence on the Druze faith , two Christian saints become the Druze's favorite venerated figures: Saint George and Saint Elijah. Thus, in all

330-685: The River Puglia, were under Perugian rule, and were obliged to send three pounds of wax to Perugia for the feast of St Herculanus. Patron saint A patron saint , patroness saint , patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism , Lutheranism , Anglicanism , Eastern Orthodoxy or Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person. The term may be applied to individuals to whom similar roles are ascribed in other religions . Saints often become

352-476: The University of Perugia has achieved an outstanding reputation as one of the leading universities in Italy. Since the time of Napoleon I , the university has occupied the old Olivetan convent of Monte Morcino. There was a faculty of mathematics down to 1884. The statutes are modelled upon those of Bologna . The number of students at different dates was 142 in 1339, 79 in 1881, 350 in 1911. With its 16 faculties and

374-626: The heavenly advocates for specific Muslim empires , nations , cities , towns , and villages . Martin Lings wrote: "There is scarcely a region in the empire of Islam which has not a Sufi for its Patron Saint." As the veneration accorded saints often develops purely organically in Islamic climates, in a manner different from Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity , "patron saints" are often recognized through popular acclaim rather than through official declaration. Traditionally, it has been understood that

396-448: The patron saint of a particular place prays for that place's wellbeing and for the health and happiness of all who live therein. However, the Wahhabi and Salafi movements have latterly attacked the veneration of saints (as patron or otherwise), which they claim are a form of idolatry or shirk . More mainstream Sunni clerics have critiqued this argument since Wahhabism first emerged in

418-565: The patrons of places where they were born or had been active. However, there were cases in medieval Europe where a city which grew to prominence obtained for its cathedral the remains or some relics of a famous saint who had lived and was buried elsewhere, thus making them the city's patron saint – such a practice conferred considerable prestige on the city concerned. In Latin America and the Philippines , Spanish and Portuguese explorers often named

440-493: The previously unknown occupation of photography appeared in the 19th century, Saint Veronica was made its patron, owing to how her veil miraculously received the imprint of Christ 's face after she wiped off the blood and sweat. The veneration or commemoration and recognition of patron saints or saints in general is found in Catholicism (including Eastern Catholicism ), Eastern Orthodoxy , Oriental Orthodoxy , and among some Lutherans and Anglicans . According to

462-448: The villages inhabited by Druzes and Christians in central Mount Lebanon a Christian church or Druze maqam is dedicated to either one of them. According to scholar Ray Jabre Mouawad the Druzes appreciated the two saints for their bravery: Saint George because he confronted the dragon and the Prophet Elijah because he competed with the pagan priests of Baal and won over them. In both cases

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484-568: Was a bishop of Perugia . He was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church and is recognised as patron saint of Perugia . His main feast day is November 7; his second feast is celebrated on March 1. According to Pope Gregory the Great in his Dialogues , Herculanus suffered martyrdom when Totila , king of the Ostrogoths , captured Perugia in 549. Before the city was captured, Herculanus

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