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Perry Monument

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112-417: " Perry Monument " may refer to: Perry Monument, Presque Isle State Park , Erie, Pennsylvania Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial , Put-in-Bay, Ohio Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Perry Monument . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

224-489: A canopy . If left undisturbed, this ecological succession is believed to take between 500 and 600 years, although visitors to parts of Presque Isle State Park can walk through all of these zones in 5 miles (8 km). The Pennsylvania Audubon Society has listed the park as Pennsylvania Important Bird Area (IBA) #1, and it considered one of the best birdwatching sites in Pennsylvania. The diversity of habitats on

336-431: A moraine consisting of clay, sand, and gravel which initially formed the peninsula. The deposits are constantly being reworked by wave action and gradually migrating to the northeast due to longshore drift . The French term presqu'île , the origin of the park's name, means "peninsula", or, literally, "almost an island". Despite the name, Presque Isle has been an island for brief periods of time after being cut off from

448-604: A National Natural Landmark, and its "geological and biological diversity and its historic significance". Scenes for the film The Road were shot at Presque Isle in April ;2008, with Beach 10 used as a seashore. A weak tornado touched down in the state park on June 27, 2010. Rated EF0 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale , it downed power lines and trees near the Stull Interpretive Center, and also damaged

560-611: A borough in 1805, and became a city in 1851. During the War of 1812 , Presque Isle played a part in the victory over the British in the Battle of Lake Erie . Oliver Hazard Perry, commander of the American fleet, made strategic use of the bay as a place to construct six of the nine ships in his fleet. Using this location protected the men by creating an obstacle, forcing potential attackers to circumnavigate

672-412: A classic illustration of the concept of ecological succession . Much of this progression is due to the changing nature of Presque Isle and its shifting shoreline and dunes. The shoreline, the second zone, is formed by wave action and is in equilibrium between erosion and deposition, with the initial plants stabilizing the sand of the new shoreline. The newly formed sandy plain and the ponds formed in it are

784-773: A decrease from 12,000 MW to just over 3,000 MW at 2 p.m. Wind power generation also decreased by about 50% that day. However, there were no disruptions in power distribution as supply exceeded demand. At Yankee Stadium , the Yankees gave away eclipse T-shirts to the first 15,000 fans at the game that day. The eclipse had pushed the start time back by four hours. Highways in the area of totality saw significant increases in traffic, with departing tourists caught in traffic jams lasting up to eight hours. Many of those trying to drive down Interstate 93 in New Hampshire, for example, found themselves in jams lasting until at least 2 a.m.

896-448: A different plant and animal community. These zones are: Lake Erie; the beaches and shoreline; sandy plain and ponds; sand dunes and ridges; marshes and old ponds; heath and sub-climax forest; and the climax forest . Lake Erie, which surrounds the park, is the first zone and is home to 80 species of fish and at least six species of crustaceans. The remaining ecological zones, with their progression from shoreline to climax forest, are

1008-602: A height over 6 feet (1.8 m). The dunes protect the beaches from erosion during winter storms, and continue growing until the surface of Lake Erie freezes in the winter. According to the DCNR, because it has so "many unique habitats, Presque Isle contains a greater number of the state's endangered, threatened and rare species than any other area of comparable size in Pennsylvania". The DCNR recognizes seven different ecological zones within Presque Isle State Park, each with

1120-446: A magnitude of 1.0306. The eclipse occurred around the solar maximum , a period of greatest solar activity in the Sun's 11-year solar cycle , and it was anticipated that solar prominences would be visible during totality. Many observers reported seeing solar prominences during the event. Most plainly visible to the naked eye was a very bright red point of light near the lowest portion of

1232-499: A marina. Popular activities at the park include swimming , boating , hiking , biking , and birdwatching . The recorded history of Presque Isle begins with the Erielhonan , a Native American tribe who gave their name to Lake Erie, and includes French, British, and American forts, as well as serving as a base for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry 's fleet in the War of 1812 . With the growing importance of shipping on Lake Erie in

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1344-450: A nearby observation platform. Presque Isle was closed on June 28 to facilitate clean-up of the debris and reopened the next morning. During Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, parts and remnants of the storm reached Presque Isle. The park was closed in preparation of the storm and waves reaching 14–18 feet were anticipated, along with high winds. The storm was expected to be severe, but luckily

1456-444: A partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately

1568-482: A partial solar eclipse. This eclipse was the first total solar eclipse visible from Canada since August 1, 2008 , and from the provinces since February 26, 1979 . It was the first over Mexico since July 11, 1991 . It was also the first over the United States since August 21, 2017 . This is the only solar eclipse in the 21st century with totality visible from all three countries. The next total solar eclipse in

1680-491: A red brick house that was used as a lighthouse keeper residence, and later a park residence. Today the lighthouse is maintained by the United States Coast Guard and flashes a white light to warn ships of the sandy peninsula that juts into Lake Erie. The light station is open to public tours from Memorial Day through Labor Day on weekends, weather permitting (see presqueislelighthouse.org). A third, smaller lighthouse

1792-543: A state of emergency in February 2024 due to the projected number of visitors to the area. The region surrounding Niagara Falls, Ontario , also declared a state of emergency; as an existing major tourist destination along the path of totality, it expected an influx of at least one million visitors on April 8. A lawsuit was filed on April 2 by six inmates of various religions at Woodbourne Correctional Facility in New York against

1904-412: A stronger steel structure was brought from France and installed at Erie to replace the wooden beacon, which had been damaged by a schooner. This light still stands at the far eastern side of the park, near the inlet between the lake and the bay. The Presque Isle Light was constructed in 1872 on the north side of Presque Isle and was lit on July 12, 1873. This light is 74-foot-tall (23 m), with

2016-407: A total of 4.6 acres (1.9 ha), and if this trend continues, it may become an island. After the breakwaters were constructed in 1992, less sand was added to replenish the beaches. Federal funding of sand replenishment has been cut off since 2005, leading to further reduction in sand added to the peninsula. Without new sand, erosion has reduced the northern beaches of Gull Point, even while regions to

2128-425: A trend that would become prevalent statewide only in the 1960s. The first paved road was built in the park in 1924, and today 13 miles (21 km) of roads run through the park. Pennsylvania Route 832 is the main road into the park, and is subsequently known as Peninsula Drive. Presque Isle has been referred to as "Peninsula State Park". The Perry Monument in the park was constructed in 1926 near Misery Bay and

2240-545: A variety of ecosystems on wild-lands maintained by the university near Butlerville, Indiana , recorded the songs of 20 different species of birds going quiet, leaving only the songs of the robin and the tufted titmouse during the eclipse. Birding students at the University of Vermont observed species at Lake Champlain during the eclipse that had not been observed there before, including Bohemian waxwings , red-tailed hawks , and pileated woodpeckers . Insects and frogs in

2352-537: A zoo in Hemmingford, Quebec , noted very little change in the animals they observed there, including giraffes, lions, hyenas , wolves , lynx , llamas , alpacas , and dromedaries . Hyenas vocalized during the eclipse, but there were other coinciding events that might have contributed to that behavior. The zoo's director of zoology, Aurélien Berthelot, did not expect much activity from their mammals. For example, lions sleep up to eighteen hours per day. Some roared during

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2464-573: Is a 3,112-acre (1,259 ha) Pennsylvania State Park on an arching, sandy peninsula jutting into Lake Erie , 4 miles (6 km) west of the city of Erie , in Millcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania , in the United States. The peninsula sweeps northeastward, surrounding Presque Isle Bay along the park's southern coast. It has 13 miles (21 km) of roads, 21 miles (34 km) of recreational trails, 13 beaches for swimming, and

2576-504: Is a bonding behavior. A troop of gorillas at that zoo also gathered at the door to their indoor enclosure, where they were normally fed each evening, and appeared to act confused and frustrated, as if having missed their evening meal. The Fort Worth Botanic Garden (FWBG) placed hundreds of butterflies in their conservatory March 1, allowed them to acclimate, and observed them during the eclipse. The butterflies "didn't roost but instead ceased flying and remained very still." Goats at

2688-716: Is also home to offices for the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection 's Great Lakes and Coastal Zone Management programs, the DCNR Recreation and Conservation program, as well as Presque Isle Audubon , Lake-Erie Allegheny Earth Force, Pennsylvania Sea Grant, Presque Isle Partnership, and the Purple Martin Conservation Association. The Regional Science Consortium, "a collaborative, non-profit organization that focuses on and coordinates educational and research projects for Lake Erie and

2800-460: Is charged for the park or TREC. Boats of nearly any variety are permitted on Lake Erie at Presque Isle State Park. Boats with internal combustion engines are prohibited in the interior lagoons , except for Grave Yard Pond, where a concession rents motor and pontoon boats, canoes, and kayaks for recreational use. The park also has a 500-slip marina , open to boats up to 42-foot-long (13 m), and five boat launches . Boat tours provide views of

2912-441: Is home to 633 plant species (195  monocotyledons , 410  dicotyledons , 5  gymnosperms , 5  horsetails , 13  ferns , and 5  mosses ). The sixth zone, thicket and sub-climax forest, forms when shrubs grow on dying marshes, followed by small trees. The trees shade and thin out the thickets of shrubs, leading to a sub-climax forest. The seventh and final stage is climax forest, where many large trees form

3024-606: Is now called Graveyard Pond. After the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813, Perry's two largest ships were badly damaged, and the US Brig Lawrence was intentionally sunk in Misery Bay. The Lawrence was raised in 1875 but was burned while on display at the 1876 Centennial Exposition . The US Brig Niagara was initially repaired, then sunk for preservation in 1820 and raised in 1913, and parts of it were eventually used in

3136-557: Is on 12 acres (5 ha) just off Route 832 on a bluff overlooking Lake Erie. TREC is named for former Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge , "who grew up in Erie, worked at the park as a young man and provided funding for the center and numerous Presque Isle projects during his administration". Construction on the center began in 2002, although the idea for such a center at Presque Isle was some 50 years old. The Presque Isle State Park headquarters began operating from TREC in 2005, and it

3248-612: The 180th meridian , the local time of the eclipse in Kiribati and Tokelau was Tuesday, April 9, 2024, because either UTC+13 or UTC+14 is observed in these areas. The magnitude of an eclipse , or the ratio of the angular diameter of the Moon to the angular diameter of the Sun, must be one or greater for a total eclipse to occur. The Moon was near perigee (the closest point in its orbit to Earth) during this eclipse. Occurring only about 24 hours after perigee (on April 7, 2024, at 18:50 UTC),

3360-472: The Adirondacks , Potsdam , and Plattsburgh ); northern Vermont (including Burlington ); New Hampshire; and Maine; with the line of totality going almost directly over the state's highest point Mount Katahdin . The largest city that was entirely in the path was Dallas, Texas. It was the second total eclipse visible from the central United States in just seven years, after the eclipse of August 21, 2017 . It

3472-598: The American Revolutionary War , and the Iroquois sold their rights to the land containing the peninsula to the United States at the second Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1784. Pennsylvania did not acquire an undisputed title to the land until it purchased the Erie Triangle from the federal government on April 3, 1792. In 1795 General Anthony Wayne built a new, American "Fort Presque Isle", and on April 18 of that year

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3584-734: The Azores , and the Canary Islands . Cloud cover prevented views of it from most of the British Isles, although it was seen in Western Scotland. Unusually, this eclipse extended below the horizon, where the greatest phase was observed at mid-nautical twilight in Galicia (Spain) and the beginning of astronomical twilight in Nouvelle-Aquitaine (France). The extension of the eclipse path within

3696-607: The Columbus Zoo and Aquarium , ostriches returned to their barn and began their evening rituals, such as preening and grooming each other. When the sunlight returned, the ostriches left their barn and resumed their daytime activities. A group of elephants at the zoo gathered together and began thumping their trunks on the ground. At the Fort Worth Zoo in Texas, flamingos bunched together, vocalized, and began marching together, which

3808-471: The Erielhonan , also known as the "Eriez", an Iroquoian speaking tribe of Native Americans . Erielhonan meant the "Cat" or "Raccoon" people, and the name "Erie", a corruption of Erielhonan, became the name of the lake and county in which Presque Isle Park is found and of the city nearest the park. An Erielhonan legend taught that the Great Spirit led them to Presque Isle because of the wealth of game ,

3920-528: The Moon passes between Earth and the Sun , thereby obscuring the Sun. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, which blocks all direct sunlight and allows some of the Sun's corona and solar prominences to be seen. Totality occurs only in a limited path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a larger surrounding region. During this eclipse,

4032-524: The Moon 's apparent diameter was 5.5 percent larger than average due to occurring about a day after perigee . With a magnitude of 1.0566, the eclipse's longest duration of totality was 4 minutes and 28 seconds near the Mexican town of Nazas, Durango . This particular eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit. Totality was visible from 6 Mexican states, 15 U.S. states, and 6 Canadian provinces. Approximately 44 million people lived in

4144-408: The anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings. This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to

4256-502: The 19th century, Presque Isle became home to several lighthouses and what later became a United States Coast Guard station. In 1921, it became a state park, and as of 2007 it hosts over 4 million visitors per year, the most of any Pennsylvania state park. The Presque Isle peninsula formed on a moraine from the end of the Wisconsin glaciation and is constantly being reshaped by waves and wind. This leads to seven ecological zones within

4368-456: The 2017 eclipse, but more pronounced. Weather radar was adapted to monitor the activity of flying animals, and birds were observed to decrease their daytime activities. Radar imaging demonstrated "noticeable decreases in typical daytime biological activities such as the movements of hawks and other soaring and insect-eating birds." Owls began hooting, and vultures and other birds began to roost. A team from Purdue University , observing

4480-700: The Atlantic Ocean about 700 kilometers southwest of Ireland. Totality first passed over the Revillagigedo Islands (a federal possession of Mexico and associated with Colima state) and Islas Marías of Nayarit . Upon reaching the continental mainland, totality passed through the states of Sinaloa (including Mazatlán ), northern Nayarit, Durango (including the city of Durango and Gómez Palacio ), extreme southeast Chihuahua , and Coahuila (including Torreón , Matamoros , Monclova , Sabinas , Ciudad Acuña , and Piedras Negras ). A partial eclipse

4592-631: The Erielhonan had been destroyed as a people, although the Iroquois adopted survivors who were absorbed primarily into the Senecas. The French first named the peninsula in the 1720s; presque-isle means peninsula (lit. "almost an island") in French. They built Fort Presque Isle at the modern city of Erie in the summer of 1753, naming it for the peninsula that protected the fort. The French also built two "military outposts" on Presque Isle itself. The first outpost

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4704-452: The Erielhonan. The natural drift of sand is hindered or stopped by breakwaters, permanent structures, and roads. Roads also do not absorb rainwater, causing erosion, and break up natural habitats. Excavations such as those to make the waterworks basins or the marina have destroyed habitats, but yearly artificial replenishment with sand helps to create new ones. One area within the park is closed to all public use from April to November to minimize

4816-601: The FWBC were observed resting or sleeping during the eclipse. Giraffes at the Dallas Zoo also began to gallop, a behavior witnessed there and at many other zoos during the 2017 eclipse. Two aldabra tortoises at the same zoo were observed to rear on their hind legs and attack the door to their indoor enclosure, damaging the door's frame. Lions at the Buffalo Zoo started roaring just before totality. Not all zoo animals reacted to

4928-515: The Lake Erie and Presque Isle Bay coastlines, as well as on its inland trails and lagoons. Boating, canoeing, fishing, and water skiing are common summer sports, while hiking, biking, inline skating, and bird watching are some of the inland activities. Ice fishing, ice boating, ice skating, and cross-country skiing occupy winter visitors. Two of the beaches feature volleyball courts; Beach 6 has 6 courts and Beach 11 has one. No admission fee

5040-412: The Moon's apparent diameter was larger. The Sun had an angular diameter of 31'56" at the moment of greatest eclipse. As the magnitude of this eclipse at that time was 1.0566, the angular diameter of the Moon was 1.0566 times that of the Sun, or 33'44". This gave the eclipse a wider path of totality and more maximum time in totality (4 min 28 s) compared to the total eclipse in 2017 (2 min 40 s), which had

5152-943: The Natural Area and are closed to park visitors during the height of the bird migrations. The natural area is a safe haven and resting spot for migrating and nesting birds. Many of the species of birds that rest at Gull Point are not seen anywhere else in Pennsylvania. Presque Isle lies on the Atlantic Flyway , a major migratory path, and some of these birds migrate from as far north as the Arctic Circle to South America. They pass through in November on their long flights south and return in April on their flights north. Erosion and deposition of sand, which has formed Gull Point, continues to change it. From May 1991 to October 2006, Gull Point lost

5264-468: The Pennsylvania Bureau of Parks for its list of "25 Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks". The park was one of five Pennsylvania State Parks in the path of totality for the 2024 solar eclipse , with 3 minutes and 45 seconds of totality . Presque Isle was formed at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation about 11,000 years ago. The earliest known inhabitants of the southern Lake Erie coast were

5376-456: The RSC, several classrooms, a "Discovery Center" for younger students to explore science hands-on, interpretive exhibits highlighting local and regional flora and fauna , as well as the human history and culture of the area. The center also offers a large-format movie theater, a smaller theater, gift shop, cafeteria, and a 75-foot (23 m) tall observation tower that overlooks Lake Erie. The center

5488-471: The Sun's disk, which on telescopic views and photographs showed as a tent-shaped angular structure. The red and pink hues were the result of hydrogen and helium plasma being thrown up in broad arcs but never leaving the sun's atmosphere. Telescopic photographs revealed the western limb having several smaller, irregular shapes, of which one large, ragged shape appeared disconnected from the Sun's surface on one side. Several smaller prominences were also visible on

5600-517: The US will be on March 30, 2033 , which will pass over Alaska . The next total eclipse in the contiguous United States of the US will be on August 23, 2044 . The next total eclipse of similar width will take place on August 12, 2045 , which will traverse coast-to-coast in a trajectory similar to the 2017 eclipse. The totality of the solar eclipse was visible in a strip beginning in the Pacific Ocean ,

5712-410: The United States Coast Guard. In 1908, Erie started building a waterworks on Presque Isle to provide fresh water for the city. Water from Lake Erie was pumped into two reservoirs on the peninsula, where particulates in the water were allowed to settle, removing them from the lake water. After treatment, the water flowed into the waterlines of the city. In 1917 a pumphouse powered by a steam engine

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5824-415: The abundance of clean fresh water, and the cool breezes "coming from the land of snow and ice" (i.e. Canada). Another legend explains how the Erielhonan ventured into Lake Erie in search of the land where the sun set, but the spirit of the lake blew a fierce storm to keep them from finding it. To protect the Erielhonan from the storm, their god laid his outstretched arm into the lake, giving them safety during

5936-554: The breakwaters, and new sand must be trucked in annually to replenish the beaches . Presque Isle protects the natural Presque Isle Bay, which creates a deep and wide harbor for the city of Erie. The bay is often filled with pleasure craft as well as cargo ships from all over the world that use the Great Lakes shipping port. Erie became an international port after the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in 1959. Owing to

6048-476: The burials in Graveyard Pond. By 1937 official state publications were referring to the park as "Presque Isle State Park", and that same year it led the state park system with 1.4 million visitors. In the 1950s the peninsula was enlarged to accommodate new roads and parking, using 3 million square yards (2,500,000 m ) of sand dredged from the interior of the peninsula. The resulting basin became

6160-579: The creation of the state Department of Environmental Resources (which later became the DCNR). From 1989 to 1992, over 50 breakwaters were built along the western and northern shore of the peninsula to help control erosion. In 1997 the park's Important Bird Area (IBA) was one of the first 73 IBAs established in Pennsylvania. As part of the State Parks 2000 strategic plan of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR), Gull Point

6272-418: The current Niagara , based across Presque Isle Bay in Erie. The Presque Isle peninsula forms Presque Isle Bay, which serves as a natural harbor for Erie. During the 19th century, as Lake Erie navigation grew more important, shipping aids were built on Presque Isle. As of 2007, two main lighthouses can be found in the park. The Erie Harbor North Pier Light began as a wooden tower, erected in 1830. In 1858,

6384-496: The current marina. Other new facilities included three modern bath houses built in 1957. That same year Gull Point (at the eastern end of the peninsula) was named a nature preserve by the state. Presque Isle was named a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service in 1967. A recommendation was made to abolish the independent board as early as 1930, although this did not come about until January 19, 1971, with

6496-402: The east and south have continued to grow at a slower rate, for a net yearly loss of 0.4 acres (0.2 ha). The Tom Ridge Environmental Center (TREC) is the gateway to, and administrative center for, Presque Isle State Park, as well as housing interactive educational exhibits, a "Discovery Center", classrooms, and research laboratories. The center, which officially opened on May 26, 2006,

6608-566: The eastern limb, though because of the eclipse's relatively high magnitude, prominences on both limbs could not be viewed at the same time. These shapes correlate in detail with the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory solar telescope images taken in space at the same as the earthbound eclipse, and with images from the ground-based National Solar Observatory GONG telescope in Cerro Tololo, Chile . The shadow bands phenomenon

6720-512: The eclipse while others slept. Analyses of their observations are continuing. Arkansas Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders preemptively declared a state of emergency related to the eclipse, citing the expected increase of travel to the state which could result in transportation difficulties, such as in Fort Smith , where the police prepared for traffic congestion as hotels filled up. Bell County, Texas Judge David Blackburn preemptively declared

6832-534: The eclipse, nor did researchers expect them to. During the 2017 eclipse, researchers at the Riverbanks Zoo in South Carolina observed behavior changes in about 75% of species. Adam Hartstone-Rose, a biology professor at North Carolina State University , hypothesized that the captive animals that did react may have been responding to the emotions of human zoo visitors. Zoologists and volunteers at Parc Safari ,

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6944-443: The eclipse, some with the goal of comparing results with observations made during the 1932 and 2017 total solar eclipses , and others opening new avenues of animal behavioral research. Wildlife and zoo animals were observed along the path of totality and in areas that saw only a partial eclipse. NASA worked with ARISA Lab, LLC, to recruit thousands of citizen scientists to help record sounds and observations of animal behavior during

7056-473: The eclipse. As of 16 April 2024 , a total of 3,372 written observations had been submitted by citizen scientists, and 770 recording devices had been registered with the project to provide sound and ultrasound recordings of wildlife and other ambient sounds before, during, and after the eclipse in a standardized way. Changes in wild animal behavior were recorded during the eclipse, especially among birds. These changes were similar to those observed during

7168-601: The eclipse. The Mayor of Rochester, New York , Malik Evans , told reporters that the city was expected to bring in between $ 10–12 million to the city's economy from the Friday before the eclipse to the day of it. However, the day was cloudy. On April 12 New York Governor Kathy Hochul announced record breaking tourism numbers between April 6-9, that was a 45% increase compared to 2023, with nearly one million visitors to New York State parks and over 5.5 million toll transactions recorded. One company that tracks Airbnb data likened

7280-425: The economic impact of the event to having Taylor Swift's concerts taking place simultaneously in every city along the eclipse's path. In the United States, the prices of motels and hotels near the path of totality increased up to 100 percent on April 7 and April 8. Montreal saw a 20% surge in hotel occupancy for April 7 and April 8. The eclipse caused a drop in solar power generation, with Texas experiencing

7392-487: The edge of which passed approximately 60 kilometers north of Penrhyn atoll , 115 kilometers south of Starbuck Island , 275 kilometers north of Vostok Island , and 370 kilometers north of the Marquesas Islands . Later, the total solar eclipse was visible from North America , starting from the west coast of Mexico then ascending in a northeasterly direction through Mexico, the United States, and Canada, before ending in

7504-581: The following morning, resulting in numerous cars breaking down. Drivers and passengers spent four to six hours to pass through Franconia Notch where Interstate 93 is reduced to a single lane in each direction. Major highways in the state remained crowded through rush hour the following morning and into the afternoon. A similar effect was seen during the following morning's rush hour in northbound Interstate 65 in Indianapolis. In Vermont there were an estimated 60,000 additional cars and 248 inbound aircraft over

7616-446: The fourth zone, formed when beach sand transported by wind and waves becomes trapped by vegetation. Dunes grow and are stabilized by grasses, followed by other types of vegetation. This provides habitat for amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles. Old dunes can become more permanent ridges, which shelter ponds. These dunes, ridges, and ponds are often remnants of previous shorelines; at the Presque Isle State Park "Long Pond" just east of

7728-401: The highest temperature ever recorded was 100 °F (38 °C) on June 25, 1988; there is an average of 2.5 days with lows of 0 °F (−18 °C) or colder annually, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was −18 °F (−28 °C) on January 19, 1994, and February 16, 2015. Ice dunes typically form along the beaches in the winter from snowfall and frozen spray , and normally reach

7840-461: The impact of humans: it is the easternmost part of the park, Gull Point. Gull Point at Presque Isle State Park has been set aside as a Pennsylvania "State Park Natural Area". These areas provide locations for scientific observation of natural systems; they protect examples of natural interest and beauty as well as examples of unique and typical animal and plant habitats. Gull Point covers 319 acres (129 ha), of which 67 acres (27 ha) form

7952-465: The intersection of the two paths being in southern Illinois , in Makanda , just south of Carbondale . The path of the April 8 eclipse also crossed the path of the annular solar eclipse that occurred less than 6 months prior, on October 14, 2023 , intersecting in the vicinity of San Antonio, Texas . It was projected before the eclipse that there could be a $ 6 billion boost to the US economy due to

8064-649: The lake. Trout fishing is also allowed in the two waterworks basins, which are stocked by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission . Hunting is prohibited at Presque Isle State Park with the exception of controlled duck and goose hunting seasons in designated blinds . Presque Isle State Park, which has 13 beaches, is home to the only surf swimming in Pennsylvania. Beaches are open from Memorial Day to Labor Day with swimming permitted when lifeguards are on duty from 10:00  EDT to 20:00 EDT. Extensive picnic facilities are available at most of

8176-444: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perry_Monument&oldid=1148473188 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Presque Isle State Park Presque Isle State Park ( / p r ɛ s k / PRESK )

8288-469: The mainland several times since 1819—the longest stretch was from 1832 to 1864. In the 1950s, in an effort to combat erosion, the state and federal governments built sets of concrete seawalls and perpendicular groins . In 1992, a series of 58  breakwaters were also constructed to help capture sand and significantly slowed its movement eastward. Even with the substantial engineering projects, sand must be relocated from tombolos which form behind

8400-635: The marina, dunes and ridges mark the eastern shoreline from 1862. The fifth ecological zone consists of old ponds and marshes. Ponds protected by dunes and ridges are more stable; these old ponds support more plant and animal life, and as they fill with vegetation, they become marshes. Old ponds and marshes have high biodiversity . Nearly 400 species of terrestrial vertebrates live on Presque Isle, including 318 different birds, 48 kinds of mammals, 13 types of amphibians, and 19 reptile species. The sixth and seventh ecological zones are characterized by their shrubs and trees, and Presque Isle State Park

8512-427: The northern tip of Cape Breton Island , Nova Scotia, and central Newfoundland (including Gander and Grand Falls-Windsor ). Then, it ended on the eastern Atlantic coast of Newfoundland . The most populous Canadian city that the path of totality intersected was Montreal. Windsor , London , Toronto , and Ottawa lay just north of the path of totality, and Moncton just south of it. A partial solar eclipse

8624-575: The park's location relative to Erie, its climate is similar to that of the city. Erie and the peninsula are located in a snow belt that stretches from Cleveland to Syracuse and Watertown ; accordingly, its winters are typically cold, with heavy lake-effect snow , but also with occasional stretches of mild weather that cause accumulated snow to melt. The Erie region lies in the humid continental zone ( Köppen Dfa ). Presque Isle's lakeside location helps to temper summer heat, with an average of only 3.8 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs annually, and

8736-488: The park, lake, bay, and Erie skyline. All boats must have a current registration from any state. Water conditions on Lake Erie can change with little notice, and boaters are asked to use caution. Water skiing and scuba diving are permitted at Presque Isle State Park in designated waters of Lake Erie. Water skiing must take place in Presque Isle Bay or out on Lake Erie and is prohibited within 500 feet (150 m) of

8848-481: The park, which provides a classic example of ecological succession . A National Natural Landmark since 1967, the park has been named one of the best places in the United States for watching birds, particularly in the Gull Point Natural Area. The Tom Ridge Environmental Center at the entrance to the park allows visitors to learn more about the park and its ecology. Presque Isle State Park has been chosen by

8960-452: The path of the 2017 eclipse ); Kentucky; Indiana (including Bloomington , Evansville , Indianapolis , Anderson , Muncie , Terre Haute , and Vincennes ); Ohio (including Akron , Cleveland , Dayton , Lima , Lorain , Roundhead , Toledo , and Warren ); Michigan (extreme southeastern corner of Monroe County ); Pennsylvania (including Erie ); Upstate New York (including Buffalo , Niagara Falls , Rochester , Syracuse , Watertown ,

9072-502: The path of totality also avoided cloud cover entirely. In Canada, totality was visible through parts of Southern Ontario (including Leamington , Fort Erie , Hamilton , Niagara Falls , Kingston , Prince Edward County , and Cornwall ), parts of southern Quebec (including Montreal , Sherbrooke , Saint-Georges , and Lac-Mégantic ), central New Brunswick (including Fredericton , Woodstock and Miramichi ), western Prince Edward Island (including Tignish and Summerside ),

9184-606: The path of totality, including 32 million in the United States, 6 million in Canada, and 6 million in Mexico. The 10 largest cities in the path of totality accounted for a third of this population (5 of the 10 largest cities being in the United States, 3 in Mexico, and 2 in Canada). Adding people who travelled to the path of totality, an estimated 50 million people experienced the total solar eclipse. Meanwhile, about 652 million people experienced

9296-493: The peninsula makes it an ideal home for over 320 species of birds. (For comparison, the United States has about 925 bird species.) Forty-five of the bird species found in the park are listed as " endangered " or "threatened", including the piping plover , cerulean warbler , rusty blackbird and saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrow . Waterfowl and wading birds live at Presque Isle year round. Four species of gull and three species of tern can be seen at Gull Point during

9408-406: The peninsula to reach them. The "Little Bay" near the tip of the peninsula where the ships sheltered, next to the current Perry's Monument, was later named "Misery Bay" because of the hardships during the winter of 1813–1814, after the men returned there from battle. Many men suffered from smallpox and were kept in quarantine near the bay. A great many infected men died and were buried in what

9520-406: The same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node. This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with

9632-513: The same parts of the Earth. The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186 . This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly

9744-404: The sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight . This eclipse is a member of a semester series . An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139 , repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with

9856-410: The shore. Scuba divers must be certified and are required to register at the park office to obtain information on the waters that are open to diving. Presque Isle State Park has two distinct fishing zones. Lake Erie is home to perch , trout , walleye , bass , and steelhead . Presque Isle Bay is the home of muskellunge , northern pike , crappie , smelt , as well as other fish that swim in from

9968-530: The span of the eclipse weekend, with about 160,000 visitors coming into the state per Secretary of Transportation Joe Flynn. Drivers in southern Illinois leaving the region of totality to the north toward St. Louis, Missouri faced more than 80 miles of stop-and-go heavy congestion. Unlike other regions, traffic was lighter in Texas than the state's Department of Transportation had anticipated. Zookeepers, naturalists, university researchers, and citizen scientists positioned themselves to observe animal behavior during

10080-483: The specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. This eclipse is part of an eclipse season , a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In

10192-455: The state legislature authorized the creation of the "Pennsylvania State Park at Erie" in May 1921. Oversight was given to the new "State Park and Harbor Commission of Erie", including local representation, instead of to the state Department of Forests and Waters. Presque Isle quickly became the most popular state park in Pennsylvania. Presque Isle was an early example of locating state parks near cities,

10304-407: The state, stating that the decision to lock down the prison during the eclipse conflicted with their religious beliefs. The solar eclipse is important in various religions . The state settled the lawsuit by allowing them to view the eclipse. Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains

10416-640: The storm. The god's arm remained in the lake, protecting the tribe's future generations. The Erielhonan are believed to have lived and farmed on the peninsula. They fought several wars, the last starting in 1653 with the Five Nations of the Iroquois . Despite initial victories over the Senecas , in 1654 the Erielhonans' largest village, Rique (at the modern city of Erie), was destroyed by 1,800 Iroquois warriors. By 1656,

10528-473: The summer months. The majority of collection during the annual Christmas Bird Count , which has been held in Erie County since 1956, is garnered from observations made by volunteers within the park. Many different species of plants and animals can also be found at Presque Isle State Park due to the wide variety of ecological zones. Human beings have played a role in the ecology of Presque Isle since at least

10640-499: The swimming areas. The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Presque Isle State Park: Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024 The solar eclipse of April 8, 2024 , also known as the Great North American Eclipse , was a total solar eclipse visible across a band covering parts of North America , from Mexico to Canada and crossing the contiguous United States . A solar eclipse occurs when

10752-502: The ten largest cities where totality was visible. In population order, they were: Astronomy magazine provided a list of 20 recommended viewing sites, based on factors such as proximity to the center line, population size, ease of access, and so on. They were ordered from west to east: A partial eclipse passed over Svalbard (Norway), Iceland, Ireland, western parts of the United Kingdom, north-western parts of Spain and Portugal,

10864-409: The third zone. The ponds start as trapped pockets of lake water and can erode away or be filled by wind-blown sand or drifting dunes. The new ponds provide habitat for plants and animals: for example, the state park is home to 89 species of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) and Lepidoptera , including 35 different butterflies, as well as 84 different sorts of spiders. Sand dunes and ridges are

10976-466: The town of "Presqu' Ile", since renamed Erie, was laid out near it. Wayne died at the fort on December 15, 1796, and was originally buried there. Erie County was formed from Allegheny County on March 12, 1800. Millcreek Township , which initially contained both the Presque Isle peninsula and village of Erie, was one of the original townships. Erie was named the county seat in 1803, incorporated as

11088-578: The twilight zone created what was likely the best observation window for the 12P/Pons–Brooks comet located closely to Jupiter . The partial eclipse was seen in Hawaii, eastern Kiribati (the eastern Phoenix Islands and the whole Line Islands ), Tokelau , American Samoa except for its extreme western part, the Cook Islands , French Polynesia , and the Pitcairn Islands . Although all located east of

11200-436: The upper Ohio River Basin", was organized in 2002 and is based at TREC. Its 32 member organizations include schools, school districts, colleges, universities, museums, state agencies, conservation groups, and private corporations from Pennsylvania, Ohio , and Ontario . Facilities at the 65,000-square-foot (6,000 m ) Tom Ridge Environmental Center include eight research laboratories (including several large aquariums) for

11312-596: The wild were also observed making their nighttime sounds. Cicadas in Arizona stopped singing when the Sun was 50% blocked during their partial eclipse. Spring peepers , a type of nocturnal frog, were heard intermittently by the Purdue team in rural Indiana while the eclipse was partial, but they abruptly filled the soundscape at the moment of totality. Wild cricket frogs were observed in Fort Worth, Texas, behaving similarly. At

11424-523: Was built in 1906 by the Erie Waterworks on the Presque Isle Bay side of the peninsula. Today it stands in the ferry landing for the Presque Isle Water Taxi service, south of the former waterworks along the state park's multi-purpose trail on the southeast side of Presque Isle. United States Life-Saving Service District 9 opened a life-saving station at Presque Isle in 1876. William Clark

11536-413: Was built: this pumped the water from one basin into the other, then across Presque Isle Bay to Erie. This system of supplying drinking water for Erie operated until 1949. The pumphouse is now used for zebra mussel control and as a concession stand for bicycle and quadracycle -rentals within the state park. As Pennsylvania's only surf beach, the Presque Isle beaches were already a popular attraction when

11648-550: Was constructed as a "green" building and has received a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating from the United States Green Building Council . Besides supporting environmental research and education, the center is meant to "increase off-season use" of the state park. In addition to the facilities at TREC, Presque Isle State Park provides opportunities for daytime recreational activity along

11760-460: Was located at the entrance to the peninsula and the second was built at the eastern point. During the French and Indian War , the French abandoned their outposts and burned their fort in 1759. The British constructed a new fort of the same name that year, which later fell to Native American forces on June 19, 1763, during Pontiac's Rebellion . Presque Isle passed from British to American control after

11872-507: Was named a "State Park Natural Area for rare and migratory shorebirds to rest, feed and possibly nest". The Tom Ridge Environmental Center at the entrance to the park opened in May 2006. As of 2007, the Pennsylvania DCNR Bureau of Parks, which administers all 120 Pennsylvania state parks, had chosen Presque Isle for its "25 Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks" list, citing its status as Pennsylvania's only surf beach, its status as

11984-515: Was not. Only 8-foot waves were recorded and not as high of winds either. The park made it out with only minor flooding, a few downed trees, and the loss of power at the park marina. Presque Isle is a recurved sand spit formed during the last glacial period , or ice age, when the Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced into the basin now occupied by Lake Erie , and, when it retreated to the north between 12,370 BC and 12,790 BC, left behind

12096-440: Was observed and documented in some locations with clear skies. Attempts to observe and record shadow bands on the ground were disappointed in many areas of totality by the phenomenon not appearing in the event, perhaps having been washed out by the diffuse illumination of cloudy skies in various locations. The path of the April 8, 2024, eclipse crossed the path of the previous American total solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 , with

12208-649: Was the keeper from 1877 until he drowned in 1891. He was succeeded by Andrew Jansen, who was the keeper until 1914. When the Life-Saving Service and the Revenue Cutter Service merged in 1915 to become the United States Coast Guard , LSS Presque Isle, also called the Erie life-saving station, became Coast Guard Station #236. The station, still in operation, is assigned to the Ninth District of

12320-433: Was the last total solar eclipse visible in the contiguous United States until August 23, 2044 . A partial solar eclipse was visible in all of the other parts of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, and southeast Alaska ( Alaska Panhandle ). Delta Air Lines scheduled two special eclipse-following flights: one from Austin to Detroit on a large-window A220-300 , and one from Dallas to Detroit. Various other flights in

12432-793: Was visible across the remainder of the country, including 79% coverage of the solar disc in Mexico City . Torreón was the most populous Mexican city in the path of totality. In the United States, totality was visible through the states of Texas (including parts of San Antonio , Austin , Fort Worth , and all of Arlington , Dallas , Killeen , Temple , Texarkana , Tyler , Sulphur Springs , and Waco); Oklahoma (including Idabel and Broken Bow ); Arkansas (including Morrilton / Petit Jean , Hot Springs , Searcy , Jonesboro , and Little Rock ); Missouri (including Cape Girardeau and Poplar Bluff ); Tennessee (extreme northwestern corner of Lake County ); Illinois (including Carbondale , where it intersected

12544-625: Was visible in all of the other parts of Canada , except the western part of Yukon and the western tip of the Northwest Territories . Boat cruises to observe the eclipse were conducted on Lake Erie, Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and Saint Lawrence River. The partial eclipse was seen in all Central American countries, from Belize to Panama, all the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica), and northern South America (Colombia). Space.com identified

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