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72-591: Founded in 1967 by Basil Green the company dealt with engine tuning of Ford vehicles and participated in a variety of races as racing team. After winning several races the Ford Motor Company became aware of the company and used the company for some of the South African models as a kind of in-house tuner. The first model of the manufacturer was the Ford Cortina Perana V6, which was launched in 1967 as

144-532: A "Fairmont" locally) and the 20M of German origins. The square and straight-lined Granada Mark II – known internally within Ford as "Granada 78" – was released in August 1977 (for the 1978 model year) and was produced until April 1985, following a mild facelift and attention to drivetrain noise, vibration, and harshness in 1981. The Mark II was essentially a reskin of the 1972 car, with new external panelwork that brought

216-477: A 2.9 L Cologne engine that had been extensively reworked by Cosworth Engineering and featured quad camshafts and 24 valves, enough for 200 bhp (150 kW). According to Ford, this gave a 0-60 mph time of 8.1 seconds and top speed of 140 mph (230 km/h). This version of the Granada continued the "Ford family" styling concept from the previous versions; this time, the car superficially resembled

288-447: A combination of the two using used parts, new original equipment manufacturer (OEM) parts, or new aftermarket parts. The engine's previous operating history is maintained and it is returned with zero hours since major overhaul. Aftermarket part manufacturers are often the OEM part-suppliers to major engine manufacturers. A "top overhaul" is composed of the replacement of components inside

360-456: A contract with Peugeot to buy their 1.9 and 2.1-litre XD engines . Soon after the arrangement was complete, Peugeot announced their new, more powerful 2.3-litre iteration, which was not made available to Ford. The smallest 1.9 was quite underpowered and was soon supplanted by the somewhat more powerful 2.1, which was presented as the "Granada GLD" in March 1979 at Geneva. By 1982, this was replaced by

432-435: A few engines that are used in a wider range of models and platforms. This allows the manufacturers to sell automobiles in various markets with different regulations without having to spend money developing and designing different engines to fit these regulations. This also allows a single engine tuned to suit the particular buyer's market to be used by several brands. Remapping is the simplest form of stage one engine tuning; it

504-449: A four-door saloon , a five-door estate (Turnier), and a two-door fastback coupé . The early (1972–73) coupé had slightly different sheet metal - a more pronounced coke bottle styling . In 1974, the coupé was revised, with straighter lines. A two-door saloon joined the range in May 1973, reducing the entry-level advertised German price of the car by 415 Marks, but the two-door saloon version

576-706: A larger version of the Cortina's successor, the Ford Sierra . It had followed the precedent set by both the Sierra and the Escort Mk III in changing from the angular saloon styling of their predecessors to an advanced aerodynamic hatchback body style. The Ford Granada Mk III was the last car to bear the Granada badge in the UK and Ireland, being replaced in 1994 with the pan-European Scorpio. The Scorpio shared its platform doors and roof with

648-581: A more steeply-sloped bonnet, and featured lightweight plastic bumpers. The 1981 facelift of the Granada introduced a further visual similarity, with the restyled taillamps of the saloon being of similar design to those of the XD Falcon. The range had a facelift in September 1981 with larger wrap-around bumpers, a three-bar body coloured grille, revised dashboard, restyled taillights, and redesigned seats which improved driver and passenger comfort. The two-door saloon

720-583: A new engine is manufactured. This may be accomplished by using "standard" or approved "undersized" and "oversized" tolerances. "Service limits" are the factory service manual's allowable wear fits and tolerances that a new-limits part may deteriorate to and still be a usable component. This may also be accomplished using "standard" and approved "undersized" and "oversized" tolerances. Remanufactured engines are used engines that have been rebuilt to something approximating their manufacturers’ specifications. A combination of new and used parts are used, with st least

792-469: A series of four-door limousines built by Coleman Milne. These included the slightly stretched "Minster" 15 cm, and the 68 cm longer "Dorchester" and better equipped "Grosvenor". As of autumn 1982, the Dorchester was also available in an estate version with elongated rear doors, called the "Windsor". In April 1985, the third-generation car arrived, which was essentially a rebadged Ford Scorpio ,

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864-643: A tuning model. Production began one year later in the summer. Grosvenor Motors , then the largest Ford dealer in South Africa, took over the sales. The price was 2950 Rand . The standard version was based on the Ford Cortina Mk II GT. For the units ordered by the Gunston Cigarette Company , the Ford Cortina XL was used as basis. The Ford Essex engine with 2994 cc was used as engine. This

936-499: Is done according to the feedback, producing a better-performing and more efficient engine. Remapping may increase the temperature of exhaust fumes . Performance tuning is the tuning of an engine for motorsports . Many such automobiles may never compete but are built for show or leisure driving. In this context, the power output (e.g. In horsepower ), torque , and responsiveness of the engine are of premium importance, but reliability and fuel efficiency are also relevant. In races,

1008-530: Is performed mostly on turbocharged vehicles containing a modern Engine Control Unit (ECU). Almost all modern vehicles have an ECU, primarily supplied by Bosch or Delphi Technologies . The ECU has firmware that controls the various parameters under which the engine runs. These parameters include achieving the appropriate balance between fuel consumption, power, torque, fuel emissions, reliability and service intervals. In seeking this balance, many factories firmware do not prioritise power or torque, which means it

1080-413: Is performed on components removed from the production line before normal balancing and finishing. Over-machined, under-cast, and deficiently manufactured parts are rejected, and only those either exactly meeting specifications or allowing removal of excess material are selected. Aftermarket and private parties must work with what they have or seek suitable replacements that can be brought to spec, following

1152-447: Is possible to increase the performance of the engine by remapping the ECU. Many manufacturers build one engine and use several firmware versions, known as maps, to achieve different power levels to differentiate vehicles that essentially have an identical engine. This gives users an opportunity to unlock more power from the engine with a few changes to the factory software by reading and editing

1224-657: The Ford Motor Company of Canada ). Production ended in 1973. Based on the Capri Perana V8 racing cars were built for the South African Saloon Car Championship . The Z 181 was the only Group 5 car and won 13 of 14 races in the 1970 season and topped the lap records on every course. After a change of the rules to stop this dominance, Basil Green built 6 cars for the Group 2 . One of these cars won

1296-543: The Hyundai Grandeur . Production continued from stockpiled kits until December 1985, after 4,743 had been built. The car originally received a 2.0-litre V6 engine with a two-barrel Solex carburetor and four-speed manual transmission, but after the 1980 oil crisis had slowed down sales, the more economical 2-litre four-cylinder was also made available. The Granada competed with the Saehan Rekord (Royale) , as well as

1368-477: The Peugeot 604 , imported by Kia Motors . Taxes were very high on imported cars, with the Granada (and 604) landing in an even higher tax bracket for cars with wheelbases of over 2.7 metres (8 ft 10 in). Chung Mong-pil  [ ko ] , the eldest son of Hyundai's founder Chung Ju-yung , died in a car accident in a Granada. Additionally, hearses were offered by outside conversion companies, as well as

1440-573: The cylinder block being recycled, typically after having been degreased and steam-cleaned, its coolant passages and oil galleries and passages cleaned, and inspected for cracks and other flaws. High-quality rebuilds will include cylinder honing and typically adjust for standard wear by installing as necessary marginally larger bearings, rings, and other similar wear-prone components, new valve springs and guides, lapping valve seats, and otherwise bringing an engine reasonably close to manufacturer specifications. Better yet remanufacturing may see new pistons and

1512-426: The internal combustion engine or Engine Control Unit (ECU) to yield optimal performance and increase the engine's power output, economy, or durability. These goals may be mutually exclusive; an engine may be de-tuned with respect to output power in exchange for better economy or longer engine life due to lessened stress on engine components. Tuning can include a wide variety of adjustments and modifications, such as

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1584-525: The 'type ZWA' electronic ignition tester, was advertised as "the first of its kind, employing an entirely new technique". The Igniscope used a cathode-ray tube , giving an entirely visual method of diagnosis. It was invented by D. Napier & Son , a subsidiary of English Electric. The Igniscope was capable of diagnosing latent and actual faults in both coil and magneto ignition systems, including poor battery supply bonding, points and condenser problems, distributor failure and spark-plug gap. One feature

1656-459: The 2-litre four. The interior remained largely the same, apart from detail changes such as new trim materials and steering wheels - the dashboard layout was altered with the heater controls now oriented vertically next to the instrument cluster to make space for the optional trip computer, and higher models in the range now featured the electronic check-light system first seen on the Escort Mk III housed within an aircraft style overhead console above

1728-401: The 2.8i GLS. A limited edition “Sapphire” model was also announced with slightly different trim and two tone blue over silver paintwork (strangely, the rocker panels were painted in body colour rather than matt black which made the side profile of the car look deeper and less sleek). Today early injection models are particularly rare. The 2.8i S model was immortalised by the silver vehicle used in

1800-488: The 3.0 L six. The 2.5 L V6 was also offered, although this model was discontinued in 1975 as the six-cylinder Cortina increased in sales. The Granada was introduced to South Africa in late 1972 in 3000 GXL automatic trim, with other models (3000 XL, Coupé, 2500 L) to follow. The coupé was the last model planned, with a scheduled introduction for May 1973. The Granada replaced both the Australian-made Falcon (sold as

1872-691: The Cortina Perana V6 on the South-African market in 1972. These models, also known as Cortina Big Six , got the same engines as their predecessors. Introduced in 1973 the Ford Granada V8 has been the only model by Basil Green Motors not getting the name Perana . The engine was the Windsor V8 with 302 cui (5 litres). Transmission has been automatic or manual. With a top speed of 207 km/h and an acceleration of 7.8 seconds from stand to 100 km/h

1944-573: The Ghia X model was later introduced as the "Ford Granada Ghia X Executive" which standardised luxury appointments such as the high-grade Connolly Leather interior that had previously been an optional fitment. Further refinements such an electric slide and tilt sunroof, electric boot release on saloons, electric seat adjustment, heated seats, a trip computer, and air conditioning set the Granada Ghia X above most other cost-comparable executive cars available in

2016-470: The Granada into line with Ford's new design language initiated by stylist Uwe Bahnsen , taking styling cues also used on the recently launched Cortina/Taunus Mk IV and Mk I Fiesta . Much of the Mark I bodywork was retained, such as inner door pressings – the curved uptick at the rear doors now disguised with black paint behind the horizontal chrome trim strip on the saloon – and the estate version effectively grafted

2088-647: The Granada name being used in both Ireland and the United Kingdom only, with the Scorpio badge (which covered the whole range in Continental Europe ) being used instead as a trim designation for the top of the range models. The Mark III Granada was the first European volume production model to have antilock brakes fitted as standard across the range. It was voted European Car of the Year in 1986. Engine options included

2160-502: The Mk II nose to the Mk I body, retaining the same panels as the old car aft of the A pillars . The engineering was very similar, the main differences being the "Cologne" V6 engine in 2.0, 2.3, and 2.8 L forms replacing the older "Essex" unit, and the introduction of features such as air conditioning and, for the top-priced 2.8-litre versions, fuel-injection. In mainland Europe, a 1.7 L V4

2232-527: The Perana XR3 was 183 km/h. 2 years later Basil Green Motors presented the Ford Sapphire Perana . A few years later this car was produced by Samcor to satisfy the demand. The Sapphire was available as a 3.0 litre- (222 km/h) and a 3.4-litre- (236 km/h) version. The Sapphire 3.4 was produced by JT Development . Engine tuning Engine tuning is the adjustment or modification of

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2304-670: The RS ;1600, but the Cosworth BDA engine proved too complex for South Africa. So Basil Green made new plans and fitted the four cylinder engine of the Ford Pinto . The removed RS 1600 engines Basil Green sold for 695 Rand as ideal for among others the Escort. The next model, the Ford Capri Perana came out in 1969 as V6 version. About 20 units of this model were built; the top speed

2376-516: The TV series The Sweeney . Changes for 1980 were limited to new colours and new, more comfortable seats. The Granada was a strong seller in the UK, peaking in 1979 as the seventh best selling car with more than 50,000 sales, and also appearing in the top 10 for sales figures in 1978 and 1982. It remained the best selling car in this sector in Britain throughout its whole production run, despite competition from

2448-576: The Taunus) was briefly suspended but eventually reinstated with the proviso that Ford raise the sales price by fifteen percent. Ford Australia 's 1979–1982 XD series Falcon bears a strong visual resemblance to the Granada Mark II, however the only parts common to both cars are the headlamps; the Falcon being a larger car with a significantly longer wheelbase and US-derived engines and chassis architecture. In

2520-630: The UK in the early '80s. The special "Taxi" edition was available only in black, which included a foot-operated "panic button" in the driver's footwell which would operate the alarm system. In addition to these two models, the range was complemented by estate models which reflected the same appointment levels as the entire saloon range, including the Ghia X, but not the Ghia X Executive model. Ford subcontracted assembly to Hyundai Motor Company in South Korea for sales in that market, where it continued to be sold from October 1978 to 1986, when it gave way to

2592-430: The amount of fuel in the mixture. Fuel weight will affect the performance of the car, so fuel economy (thus efficiency) is a competitive advantage. Ways to increase power include: The choice of modification depends on the degree of performance enhancement desired, budget, and the characteristics of the engine to be modified. Intake, exhaust, and chip upgrades are usually among the first modifications made because they are

2664-489: The beginning the price for this car was 4,450 Rand. Top speed was 228 km/h, acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h was possible in 6.7 seconds (automatic version 7.0 sec). Officially the Capri Perana was only sold in "Bright Yellow" and "Piri Piri Red", but some cars were painted in different colours, for example Basil Green's Perana naturally was green. The cars were manufactured by Ford of South Africa (a subsidiary of

2736-569: The car became the favourite of Ford's chairman Lee Iacocca . Ford Cologne bought two of these cars to explore if they were suitable for the European market. The oil price shock ended these plans. After years without a change in the model range Basil Green Motors presented the Escort XR3 in 1980. For the first time in the corporate history the performance increase was not by a change of the engine but classic tuning like another carburettor. Maximum speed of

2808-627: The championship in 1971, the A2 in 1972. Z 181 and A2 were sponsored by the Gunston Cigarette Company, while the others were driven by private drivers. Technical modifications were made especially to the engine. It got 4x48 down draft twin choke Weber carburetors and had about 400 hp. Top speed was higher than 250 km/h. Brakes stayed the same as in V6 Capris, except that racing pads were built in. C-shaped single leaf springs were used at

2880-533: The cheapest and make reasonably general improvements. A change of camshaft, for instance, requires a compromise between smoothness at low engine speeds and improvements at high engine speeds. An overhauled engine is one that has been removed, disassembled, cleaned, inspected, repaired as necessary and tested using factory service manual approved procedures. The procedure generally involves honing , new piston rings , bearings , gaskets and oil seals. The engine may be overhauled to 'new limits' or 'service limits', or

2952-426: The cylinder head without removing the engine from the vehicle, such as valve and rocker arm replacement. It may include a " valve job ". A "major overhaul" is composed of the whole engine assembly, which requires the engine to be removed from the vehicle and transferred to an engine stand. A major overhaul costs more than a top overhaul. "New limits" are the factory service manual's approved fits and tolerances to which

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3024-454: The engine must be strong enough to withstand the additional stress placed upon it and the automobile must carry sufficient fuel, so it is often far stronger and has higher performance than the mass-produced design on which it may be based. The transmission , driveshaft and other load-transmitting powertrain components may need to be modified to withstand the load from the increased power. There are many techniques that can be used to increase

3096-506: The factory firmware from the ECU using specialist tools plugged into the on-board diagnostics (OBD) port. The tools can be connected to the OBD port on any car to read the factory file that is saved on the ECU. Software to read specific types of factory files is available. Parameters of factory files such as fuel injection, boost pressure, rail pressure, fuel pump pressure and ignition timing, are adjusted to safe limits that are set by an expert so

3168-427: The familiar SOHC Pinto engine, in either tax-barrier undercutting 1.8 L form, or a more powerful 2-litre version with fuel injection available. The Cologne V6 engines were carried over from the previous range in short-lived (and not much more powerful than the 2 L Pinto) 2.4 L, and 2.8 L (later 2.9 L) capacities. In 1991, a new range-topping vehicle was introduced, the Scorpio 24-valve. It featured

3240-414: The final but essential steps in setting up a racing engine. On modern engines equipped with electronic ignition and fuel injection, some or all of these tasks are automated but they still require initial calibration of the controls. The ECU handles these tasks, and must be calibrated properly to match the engine's hardware. The term "tune-up" usually denotes the routine servicing of the engine to meet

3312-462: The fuel-injected Cologne V6, producing 150 PS (110 kW). In South Africa, the Granada Perana V8 , built by Basil Green Motors , was available through Ford dealers with the 302 cu in (4.9 L) Windsor V8 engine, developing 255 PS (188 kW; 252 hp) and 405 N⋅m (299 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm. Most Granadas in South Africa, however, were fitted with

3384-611: The initial range using the Ford Essex V4 unit in 2.0 L displacement , and the Essex V6 engine in 2.5 and 3.0 L capacities. German models employed a Ford Taunus V4 engine in 1.7 L displacement, or the 3.0L Essex V6, or, more commonly the Cologne V6 in 2.0, 2.3, or 2.6 L capacities. The V4 engine option was short lived - and was later replaced by the in-line "Pinto" (TL-series) unit in 1974. The car generally followed

3456-542: The integration of Ford's British and German model ranges. At first, lower models in the range were called the Ford Consul . This may have been because of a lawsuit by Granada Group , a major British conglomerate of the time; however, their application for an injunction failed at appeal and they could not prevent Ford from registering the name Granada as a trademark thus from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for taxi , fleet, and police use. It

3528-556: The likes of the Leyland Princess , Rover SD1 and Vauxhall Carlton . Due to import restrictions, Ford was only selling the Fiesta in Spain (as it was manufactured there) in the 1970s. In 1979, Ford received authorization to sell the Granada and Taunus as well, but competing manufacturers accused Ford of selling below cost to lower tariffs. Import authorization for the Granada (as well as

3600-465: The line-boring of worn crankshaft and camshaft bores to permit larger bushings to be installed. Blueprinting an engine means to build it to exact design specifications, limits and tolerances created by its OEM engineers. In spite of that definition, the term is often colloquially used for pursuing better-than-factory tolerances and performance, possibly with custom specifications (as for racing). Common goals include engine re-manufacturing to achieve

3672-482: The manufacturer's specifications. Tune-ups are needed periodically according to the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure the vehicle runs as expected. Modern automobile engines typically require a small number of tune-ups over the course of an approximate 250,000-kilometre (160,000 mi) or a 10-year, lifespan. This can be attributed to improvements in the production process in which imperfections and errors reduced by computer automation, and significant improvement in

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3744-464: The mechanical layout of its predecessors Ford Zephyr/Zodiac , using a coil-spring independent rear end, although front MacPherson struts were replaced by double wishbones, introduced 18 months earlier in smaller TC Cortina and Taunus. However, the Granada – like Ford 17M/20M/26M – featured drum brakes at rear, as opposed to the Zephyr/Zodiac rear disc brakes. The car was available as

3816-439: The mid-1970s, Ford Australia President Brian Inglis had taken particular interest in the development of the forthcoming Granada, and in 1976 arranged for a key member of Ford of Europe's design team, Trevor Creed, to produce a Falcon clay that reflected its design. However, by the time it reached production, the Falcon also incorporated design elements from the 1979 Ford Mustang , including a lower belt line with larger windows and

3888-414: The more capable 2.5. Originally only available as four-door saloons (the later 2.5 also as an estate), most of these went to taxi operators, and few survive. Fuel-injected 2.8 models were originally rated at 160bhp and offered with a unique 'S' pack (based on L trim but with updated suspension, TRX wheels and tyres and spotlights) or with normal GL or Ghia trim. In 1979, the “iS” and “iGL” were replaced by

3960-445: The power and/or efficiency of an engine. This can be achieved by modifying the air-fuel mixture drawn into the engine, modifying the static or dynamic compression ratio of the engine, modifying the fuel used (e.g. higher octane , different fuel types or chemistries), injection of water or methanol, modifying the timing and dwell of ignition events, and compressing the intake air. Air fuel ratio meters are used to accurately measure

4032-487: The quality of consumables such as the availability of synthetic engine oil . Tune-ups may include the following: The term " Italian tuneup " denotes the driving of a performance car, such as a Ferrari , by mechanics finishing the tune-up to burn out any built-up carbon. Modern engines are equipped with an engine management system (EMS)/Engine Control Unit (ECU) that can be adjusted to different settings, producing different performance levels. Manufacturers often produce

4104-434: The rated power for its manufacturer's design, and rebuilding an engine to optimize its performance by adhering to or exceeding exacting manufacturer specifications. Blueprinted components allow for a more exact balancing of reciprocating parts and rotating assemblies so less power is lost through excessive engine vibrations and other mechanical inefficiencies. When feasible, as with a factory-sponsored race team, blueprinting

4176-642: The rear axle to allow room for the 14.5" rims. z181 is owned by the scribante family in RSA. A2 was found in Rhodesia and rebuilt by a collector near Cape Town . One of the other cars had an accident at the Kyalami Grand Prix Circuit with Basil Green at the wheel and were never rebuilt. What happened to the other cars is not known. When the Cortina Mk III came out Basil Green brought the second generation of

4248-482: The rear view mirror. In most of Europe an even sportier looking Granada was added to the range as the Granada 2.8 Injection which had white metric-sized alloy wheels with Michelin TRX tyres, uprated suspension, Recaro seats, deep front valance and bootlid spoilers, colour coded bumpers, front spotlights and blackened trim. This model used the same 2.8 injected engine, now slightly down rated at 150 bhp (112 kW), which

4320-403: The routine adjustment of the carburetor and ignition system to significant engine overhauls. Performance tuning of an engine can involve revising some of the design decisions taken during the development of the engine. Setting the idle speed, air-fuel ratio , carburetor balance, spark plug and distributor point gaps, and ignition timing were regular maintenance tasks for older engines and are

4392-401: The same guidelines. Modern engine tuning was spawned by the combination of racing advances, the hands-on post-war hot-rod movement, and then-advanced electronics and technologies developed during World War II. The 'Igniscope' electronic ignition tester was produced by English Electric during the 1940s, originally as 'type UED' for military use during World War II . The post-war version,

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4464-457: The unlocked performance does not compromise the car's safe levels of reliability, fuel consumption and emissions. The map may be customized for city use, for on-track performance, or for an overall map giving power throughout the band in a linear manner. Once adjusted, the edited file is written back to the ECU with the same tools used for the initial reading, after which the engine is tested for performance, smoke levels, and any problems. Fine-tuning

4536-736: Was 186 km/h. As Ford offered the Essex engine as standard from 1970 on, Basil Green had to take a more powerful engine. So he replaced the V6 with the Windsor V8 of the Ford Mustang . Technically the Capri Perana was a mix of the Australian Ford Falcon (XW) and the American Ford Mustang. It was sold with a 4 speed Ford Toploader transmission and the 3 speed C4 automatic transmission . In

4608-674: Was a "loading" control that made latent faults more visible. The UED manual includes the spark plug firing order of tanks and cars used by the British armed forces. Ford Granada (Europe) The European Ford Granada is an executive car manufactured by Ford Europe from 1972 until 1994. The first-generation model was produced from 1972 to 1976 at Ford’s German factory in Cologne and at its British factory in Dagenham . In 1976, production switched entirely to Germany. The original version

4680-476: Was also converted into limousine and hearse versions by the British companies Coleman Milne and Woodall Nicholson. Traditional four-door limousines were offered (both long and short versions) alongside an unusual four-door "coupé limousine" (of which only 12 examples were built), as well as hearses in either two- or four-door configurations. Mechanically, the British Granada conformed to Ford convention,

4752-461: Was deemed too small for the British and Irish markets and was therefore not offered. The coupé was discontinued when the new model began production, although there was a two-door saloon version in certain European markets. A relatively low number of vehicles were also produced with an Indenor four-cylinder diesel engine in 1.9-, 2.1-, and 2.5-litre capacities. As their own, commercial diesel engine production lines had no extra capacity, Ford signed

4824-447: Was discontinued. There were also a number of detail improvements under the shell; the gearbox, clutch, and brakes were revised, the semi-trailing arm rear suspension geometry was altered, and variable rate rear springs became standard across the range. In Continental Europe the 1.7-litre V4 engine at the bottom of the lineup was replaced by the more modern, but still overworked, 1.6-litre Pinto engine . The British lineup still began with

4896-524: Was never produced nor officially sold in the UK. The revised “straight line rear wing” coupé was sold only in 3.0 Ghia trim in the UK, but elsewhere in Europe it was sold with other trims and all engines were available. This was the reverse of the situation with the TC Cortina and Taunus , where the British model had the " coke-bottle " styling. In continental Europe, the 1976-1977 Granadas were also available with

4968-452: Was originally available. By the time of its introduction, UK Granada production had been quietly abandoned "for some time"; UK market Granada IIs were imported from Germany. Internally within Ford, the "Cologne" 1.7, 2.0, 2.3, and 2.8 units were the last derivatives of the 'V-Taunus' range of engines. UK and Irish spec 2.0 Granadas used the 4-cylinder " "Pinto" (or TL-series) engine, as did continental market 1.6 versions - this smaller capacity

5040-755: Was replaced in 1977 by a second-generation model which was produced until 1985. From 1985 to 1994, the Granada name was used, in the United Kingdom and Ireland only, for a third-generation model which was sold in other European markets as the Ford Scorpio and in North America as the Merkur Scorpio . Launched in March 1972, the Granada succeeded the British Ford Zephyr , and the German P7-series as Ford's European executive car offering, and completed

5112-454: Was taken from the Ford Zephyr as well as the powertrain. After the conversion and lowering the Cortina Perana V6 was 64 kg heavier than the Ford standard model. Recognition features of the Cortina Perana V6 are a black strip over the bonnet, a black front grille and black coloured rims. The second model of the manufacturer was 1968 the sports car Ford Escort Perana . Ford wanted to use

5184-456: Was usually seen in the Ghia models. Towards the end of its production run, the introduction of the 2.0 and 2.3 LX saloon and estate UK marketing packs provided lower cost versions with a slightly higher specification than the "base" L models. GL trim was also offered briefly on vehicles with 2.0 engines and Ghia trim was offered on a diesel engine model with the introduction of the 2.5 D Ghia. A special Ford of Britain-only marketing pack edition of

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