The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular -based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the APG IV system .
13-613: See text The Pentaphylacaceae are a small family of plants within the order Ericales. In the APG III system of 2009, it includes the former family Ternstroemiaceae. In 2014, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website included 14 genera in the family. Plants of the World Online currently includes 12 genera: This Pentaphylacaceae article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . APG III system Along with
26-535: The APG system ( APG system , APG II system ). Further detail on relationships can be seen in the phylogenetic tree below. Legend: * = new family placement; † = newly recognized order for the APG system; § = new family circumscription described in the text; $ = families that represent the broader circumscription of options available in APG II and favoured here; $ $ = families that were in square brackets in APG II,
39-1493: The angiosperms. The families not placed in any order were: The paragraph below shows the number of families in each order and the placement of those families that were not included in any order. These figures were produced by simply counting the families in the text of the paper that established APG III. ORDERS: Amborellales (1), Nymphaeales (3), Austrobaileyales (3), Chloranthales (1), Canellales (2), Piperales (5), Magnoliales (6), Laurales (7), Acorales (1), Alismatales (13), Petrosaviales (1), Dioscoreales (3), Pandanales (5), Liliales (10), Asparagales (14), Arecales (1), Poales (16), Commelinales (5), Zingiberales (8), Ceratophyllales (1), Ranunculales (7), Proteales (3), Trochodendrales (1), Buxales (2), Gunnerales (2), Saxifragales (14), Vitales (1), Zygophyllales (2), Celastrales (2), Oxalidales (7), Malpighiales (35), Fabales (4), Rosales (9), Fagales (7), Cucurbitales (7), Geraniales (3), Myrtales (9), Crossosomatales (7), Picramniales (1), Sapindales (9), Huerteales (3), Brassicales (17), Malvales (10), Berberidopsidales (2), Santalales (7), Caryophyllales (34), Cornales (6), Ericales (22), Garryales (2), Gentianales (5), Solanales (5), Lamiales (23), Aquifoliales (5), Asterales (11), Escalloniales (1), Bruniales (2), Apiales (7), Paracryphiales (1), Dipsacales (2). SUPRA-ORDINAL GROUPS: commelinids (1), basal eudicots (1), Pentapetalae (1), lamiids incertae sedis (3), core lamiids (2), angiosperms incertae sedis (2). The circumscription of
52-500: The family Icacinaceae remains especially doubtful. Apodytes and its close relative, Rhaphiostylis , as well as Emmotum , Cassinopsis , and a few other genera were provisionally retained within it until further studies can determine whether they properly belong there. Three genera ( Gumillea , Nicobariodendron , and Petenaea ) were placed within the angiosperms incertae sedis. Gumillea had been unplaced in APG II . Nicobariodendron and Petenaea were newly added to
65-435: The list. The latter was later placed into its own family Petenaeaceae in the order Huerteales The classification is shown below in two versions. The short version goes to the level of orders and of families unplaced in an order. The detailed version shows all the families. Orders at the same level in the classification are arranged alphabetically. Note that orders may not contain the same families as in earlier versions of
78-608: The narrower circumscriptions favoured here. The APG III system was based on a phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms which included all of the 59 orders and 4 of the unplaced families. The systematic positions of the other 6 unplaced families was so uncertain that they could not be placed in any of the polytomies in the tree. They are shown in the classification table entitled "Detailed version" above, 4 in Euasterids I and 2 in Taxa of uncertain position. The phylogenetic tree shown below
91-583: The new monogeneric family Petenaeaceae was proposed. The polymorphic order Huerteales now comprises four small families: Dipentodontaceae , Gerrardinaceae , Petenaeaceae and Tapisciaceae . Petenaea cordata is the only species in the genus Petenaea . Trees to c. 10 m, or large shrubs. Stems often tinged red, villous-tomentose. Leaves minutely stipulate; petioles 5–11 cm, densely short villous, red; blades 8.5-15.5 × 6.5-14.5 cm, chartaceous, densely villous below, glabrescent above, turning red with age, palmately veined at base with 5-7 primary veins,
104-416: The previous system, and a few families were moved to a different position. The newly recognized families are: The number of families not placed in any order was reduced from 39 to 10. Apodanthaceae and Cynomoriaceae were placed among the angiosperms , incertae sedis , that is, not in any group within the angiosperms. Eight other families were placed incertae sedis in various supra-ordinal groups within
117-591: The publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society : The APG III system recognized all of the 45 orders of the previous system, as well as 14 new ones. The order Ceratophyllales was erroneously marked as a new order, as it had been recognized in both of the previous APG systems . The newly recognized orders were: The designation of alternative "bracketed families"
130-414: The secondary venation reticulate, the base broadly cordate, the margins minutely denticulate, the apices acute to broadly short-acuminate. Stipules minute, soon caducous. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, long-pedunculate, rose-pink, the branches villous-tomentose; pedicels 5–12 mm, pink. Flowers with the sepals c. 4 mm, valvate, lanceolate, attenuate from the base to the apex, reflexed, reddish pink,
143-481: Was abandoned in APG III, because its inclusion in the previous system had been unpopular. APG III recognized 413 families , 43 fewer than in the previous system. Forty-four of the 55 "bracketed families" were discontinued, and 20 other families were discontinued as well. The discontinued bracketed families were: The other discontinued families were: 21 families were accepted in the APG III system which had not been in
SECTION 10
#1733105711158156-737: Was first described in Elaeocarpaceae and later placed in Tiliaceae , but most authors have been uncertain about its familial affinities. It was considered a taxon incertae sedis in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification ( APG III ). Molecular analyses based on a recent collection from Guatemala indicate a distant, weakly supported sister-group relationship to the African genus Gerrardina ( Gerrardinaceae ; Huerteales ). As no obvious synapomorphies exist for Gerrardina and Petenaea ,
169-696: Was published with the APG III system, but without some of the labels that are added here. Amborellales Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Chloranthales Canellales Piperales Magnoliales Laurales Acorales Alismatales Petrosaviales Dioscoreales Pandanales Liliales Asparagales Dasypogonaceae Arecales Poales Commelinales Zingiberales Ceratophyllales Ranunculales Sabiaceae Proteales Trochodendrales Buxales Gunnerales Dilleniaceae Saxifragales Vitales Zygophyllales Celastrales Petenaeaceae Petenaea cordata (from northern Central America)
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