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83-712: The district is roughly bounded by Bayfront Parkway, Tarragona, Romana and Cevallos Streets. Within the district are the Historic Pensacola Village , the Pensacola Museum of History and Seville Square. Seville Square and its twin Plaza Ferdinand VII were the parade grounds for the Fort of Pensacola established during British rule. In 1559, a site to the northeast of the Pensacola Historic District on

166-529: A Category 4 hurricane with winds of 130 miles per hour (210 km/h). The National Hurricane Center said that the rapid strengthening of Ivan on September 5 was unprecedented at such a low latitude in the Atlantic basin . As it moved west, Ivan weakened slightly because of wind shear in the area. The storm passed over Grenada on September 7, battering several of the Windward Islands . As it entered

249-531: A freak wave , which was caused by the hurricane. The wave was around 91 feet (28 m) high from peak to trough, and around 660 feet (200 m) long. Their computer models also indicated that waves may have exceeded 130 feet (40 m) in the eyewall. Just before it made landfall in the United States, Ivan's eyewall weakened considerably, and its southwestern portion almost disappeared. Around 2 a.m. CDT ( UTC–5 ) on September 16, Ivan made landfall on

332-640: A Caribbean disaster official, suffered "total devastation." At least 89% of the small island—or 28,000 of 31,000 homes—experienced damage. The capital, St. George's , was severely damaged and several notable buildings were destroyed, including two largest hospitals in Grenada. In all, 41 people lost their lives during the hurricane, damage on the island totaled $ 830.7 million (equivalent to $ 1.34 billion in 2023), primarily to housing. Lighter effects occurred in Trinidad and Tobago , with most of

415-581: A fishing vessel and was indirectly responsible for four traffic fatalities in Newfoundland. Grenada suffered serious economic repercussions following the destruction caused by Ivan. Before Ivan, the economy of Grenada was projected to grow by 4.7%, but the island's economy instead contracted by nearly 3% in 2004. The economy was also projected to grow by at least 5% through 2007, but, as of 2005 , that estimate had been lowered to less than 1%. The government of Grenada also admitted that government debt , 130% of

498-672: A minimum central pressure of 910 millibars (27 inHg) on September 12. Ivan passed through the Yucatán Channel late on September 13, while its eyewall affected the westernmost tip of Cuba. Once over the Gulf of Mexico , Ivan weakened slightly to Category 4 strength, which it maintained while approaching the Gulf Coast of the United States . When Ivan entered the Gulf of Mexico, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory ocean-floor pressure sensors detected

581-504: A moderate amount of wind damage. Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans was judged poor. At one point, the media sparked fears of an " Atlantean " catastrophe if the hurricane were to make a direct strike on the city. These fears were not realized, as the storm's path turned further east. In Mississippi , evacuation of mobile homes and vulnerable areas took place in Hancock , Jackson , and Harrison counties. In Alabama , evacuation in

664-466: A mummified cat. The other two floors illustrate and interpret life in the Florida Panhandle over the centuries; some of the artifacts are from Wentworth's collection. The other floors house a science interactive museum for children. From September 2004 to March 2005, the museum was closed for renovations after Hurricane Ivan caused considerable damage to the property. When the museum opened again,

747-511: A new exhibit was added, comparing and contrasting the effects of the 2004 hurricane to the 1926 hurricane that had damaged the building. On July 14, 2020 the University of West Florida Historic Trust announced that it was looking into changing the museum's name in light of newly released documents showing that Wentworth was a leader of the local chapter of the Ku Klux Klan . On March 18, 2021,

830-535: A result of Ivan, "Project Rebound", and to fill the 5,856 National Flood Insurance Program claims. In addition, there were repairs to public infrastructure such as roads, bridges, buildings, utilities, facilities, and parks. 20 Disaster Recovery Centers were opened in 13 counties, which also included the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation . Almost 4,000 linemen were brought into Alabama from outside states to help restore power. Overall, FEMA paid 90% of

913-455: A result of the flood waters and high winds. Most of the major resorts and hotels fared well, though, and were reopened only a few days after Ivan had passed. Damage on Jamaica totaled $ 360 million (equivalent to $ 581 million in 2023). In the Cayman Islands , Governor Bruce Dinwiddy described damage as "very, very severe and widespread." Despite strict building codes which made

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996-512: A tropical depression on the same day, still over Alabama. Ivan lost tropical characteristics on September 18 while crossing Virginia , becoming an extratropical storm . Later that day, the remnant low of Ivan drifted off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast into the Atlantic Ocean, and the low-pressure disturbance continued to dump rain on the United States. On September 20, Ivan's remnant surface low completed an anticyclonic loop and moved across

1079-498: A wide range of materials. In the 1980s, Wentworth said he would donate his entire collection to the city if it provided a permanent location in Pensacola. A state grant was signed by Governor Bob Martinez to enable the city to renovate the former city hall for this purpose, as the city had completed a new facility in 1985. The museum was officially opened in 1988. One floor is dedicated to Wentworth's eccentric collections, which include

1162-676: Is blamed for eight deaths in North Carolina , two in Georgia , and one in Mississippi . An additional 32 deaths were reported as indirectly caused by the storm. As it passed over the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, Ivan caused the destruction of Taylor Energy's Mississippi Canyon 20-A production platform, 550 ft (170 m) above 28 producing oil and gas wells drilled in water 479 ft (146 m) deep. Waves estimated to be 71 feet (22 m) caused tremendous pressures below

1245-598: Is suspected of bringing spores of soybean rust from Venezuela into the United States, the first ever occurrences of soybean rust found in North America. Since the Florida soybean crop had already been mostly harvested, economic damage was limited. Some of the most severe outbreaks in South America have been known to reduce soybean crop yields by half or more. Following the storm, more than 138,500 residents in 15 counties of

1328-573: The ABC Islands on September 9. High winds blew away roof shingles and produced large swells that battered several coastal facilities. A developing spiral band dropped heavy rainfall over Aruba , causing flooding and $ 1.1 million worth in structural damage. On September 11–12, the center of Ivan passed near Jamaica , causing significant wind and flood damage. Overall, 17 people were killed in Jamaica and 18,000 people were left homeless as

1411-744: The Caribbean and United States. The ninth named storm the sixth hurricane and the fourth major hurricane of the active 2004 Atlantic hurricane season , Ivan formed in early September, and reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS). Ivan caused catastrophic damage in Grenada as a strong Category 3 storm, heavy damage in Jamaica as a strong Category 4 storm, and then severe damage in Grand Cayman , Cayman Islands , and

1494-535: The Caribbean Sea , Ivan reintensified rapidly and became a Category 5 hurricane, just north of the Windward Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao and Bonaire ) and Aruba on September 9, with winds reaching 160 mph (260 km/h). Ivan weakened slightly as it moved west-northwest towards Jamaica . As Ivan approached the island late on September 10, it began a westward jog that kept the eye and

1577-519: The Florida Panhandle , with strong emphasis in the immediate western counties of Escambia , Santa Rosa , and Okaloosa . Ivan prompted the evacuation of 270 animals at the Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo in Gulf Shores, Alabama. The evacuation had to be completed within a couple of hours, with only 28 volunteers available to move the animals. On September 9, while the hurricane was located off

1660-533: The United States , including fourteen in Florida . Thirty-two more deaths in the United States were indirectly attributed to Ivan. While traversing the eastern United States, Ivan spawned 120 tornadoes, striking communities along concentric arcs on the leading edge of the storm. In Florida, Blountstown , Marianna , and Panama City Beach suffered three of the most devastating tornadoes. A Panama City Beach news station

1743-574: The present city hall was built at 180 Governmental Center, also known as 222 West Main Street. In 1989, the building was listed as the Pensacola City Hall in A Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture , published by the University of Florida Press. Wentworth opened his first museum as a roadside stand in the suburb of Ensley in 1957, and continued to collect items of interest. His curiosity spanned

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1826-660: The $ 735 million, while the AEMA paid for the other 10%. Over 400,000 customers in Florida lost power due to the hurricane. This became the third strong hurricane to impact Florida in 2004, the others being Hurricane Charley and Hurricane Frances . A fourth storm, Jeanne , also impacted Florida just a few days later. After Hurricane Ivan, 4,500 personnel were deployed in Florida, with 3,339 patients being treated, 2.96 million meals distributed, 56 shelters were set up, and $ 157 million in grants were given. They also completed over 104,000 housing inspections and distributed 97,700 tarps. Ivan

1909-721: The Caribbean, 500,000  Jamaicans were told to evacuate from coastal areas, but only 5,000 were reported to have moved to shelters. 12,000 residents and tourists were evacuated from Isla Mujeres off the Yucatán Peninsula . In Louisiana , mandatory evacuations of vulnerable areas in Jefferson , Lafourche , Plaquemines , St. Charles , St. James , St. John the Baptist , and Tangipahoa parishes took place, with voluntary evacuations ordered in six other parishes. More than one-third of

1992-469: The Florida Panhandle applied for federal and state aid. In those counties, a total of $ 162.6 million was approved by FEMA's Individuals and Households Program . In addition, residents of 24 other counties in Florida were eligible for grants and loans. By September 2005, more than $ 1.4 billion in federal and state assistance was approved for residents and communities in the Florida Panhandle. In addition,

2075-482: The Florida peninsula. As it continued westward across the northern Gulf of Mexico, the system reorganized and again took on tropical characteristics on September 22. On September 22, the National Weather Service , "after considerable and sometimes animated in-house discussion [regarding] the demise of Ivan," determined that the low was in fact a result of the remnants of Ivan and thus named it accordingly. On

2158-596: The Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center , Mississippi have used a computer model to predict that, at the height of the storm, the maximum wave height within Ivan's eyewall reached 131 feet (40 m). By September 5, a hurricane watch was posted for Barbados . Early on the following day, a tropical storm watch was issued for Grenada. Later that day, hurricane watches were also put into effect for Saint Lucia , and Martinique . A tropical storm warning

2241-751: The Pensacola Bay is the earliest known European settlement on the North American continent. In the early 1960s, a group of local preservationists led by Pensacolian Mary Turner Rule (née Reed) formed the Pensacola Heritage Foundation, joined the National Trust and surveyed the Seville Square Historic District, the neighborhood around Seville Square adjacent to Pensacola Bay. Realizing the importance of Pensacola's history and

2324-569: The Pensacola Historical Preservation and Restoration Commission was founded to preserve the history of Pensacola, including its historic monuments and buildings, to educate the public. In 2001, the organization was repealed by the Florida legislature and its collections and buildings were transferred to the University of West Florida (UWF). In 2009, the Pensacola Heritage Society merged with the organization to become

2407-554: The U.S. mainland in Gulf Shores, Alabama , as a Category 3 hurricane, with 1-minute sustained winds of 120 mph (190 km/h). Some hurricane information sources put the winds from Hurricane Ivan near 130 mph (210 km/h) (Category 4) upon landfall in Alabama and northwestern Florida . Ivan then continued inland, maintaining hurricane strength until it was over central Alabama. Ivan weakened rapidly that evening and became

2490-560: The United States George W. Bush submitted a budget to the United States Congress which requested over $ 7 billion (2004 USD) in aid to victims of Hurricane Ivan and Jeanne in the following states: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio , Pennsylvania , and West Virginia. Over half of the $ 7 billion (2004 USD) was to cover uninsured damage to property and public infrastructure. $ 889 million

2573-431: The United States. On September 2, 2004, Tropical Depression Nine formed from a large tropical wave southwest of Cape Verde . As the system moved to the west, it strengthened gradually, becoming Tropical Storm Ivan on September 3, and reaching hurricane strength on September 5, 1,150 miles (1,850 km) to the east of Tobago . Later that day, the storm intensified rapidly, and by 5 p.m. EDT ( UTC–4 ), Ivan became

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2656-562: The University of West Florida , formerly the T. T. Wentworth Jr. Florida State Museum , is a museum of history located at 330 Jefferson Street in the Plaza Ferdinand VII in Pensacola, Florida . It is part of the Historic Pensacola Village museum complex. The building, reminiscent of the Alamo mission style, was built in 1907 as the Pensacola City Hall and served as such until 1985 when

2739-559: The University of West Florida Board of Trustees voted to change the name of the museum in a 5–4 decision. The UWF Historic Trust board had previously voted in December 2020 to change the name of the museum to the Pensacola Museum of History at the University of West Florida. Hurricane Ivan Effects Other wikis Hurricane Ivan was a large, long-lived, and devastating tropical cyclone that caused widespread damage in

2822-611: The West Florida Historic Preservation, renamed in 2013 to UWF Historic Trust. Historic Pensacola (located within the Pensacola Historic District) is a collection of 28 historical buildings and museums managed by the University of West Florida's Historic Trust. Historic Pensacola is located in downtown Pensacola , Florida, situated between Plaza Ferdinand VII and Seville Square. Pensacola Museum of History The Pensacola Museum of History at

2905-605: The animals. A hurricane watch was issued for the entire coastline of Alabama around 51 hours before landfall, which was upgraded to a hurricane warning around 42 hours before landfall. A soccer match in Tuscaloosa between the University of Alabama and the University of Alabama at Birmingham was postponed to a later date. Ivan killed 64 people in the Caribbean—mainly in Grenada and Jamaica —three in Venezuela , and 25 in

2988-409: The area, the hurricane produced a 1 ft (0.3 m) storm tide . The mandatory evacuations prevented the delivery of products, which caused widespread fuel and food shortages at commercial establishments. There was heavy damage as observed in Pensacola , Gulf Breeze , Navarre Beach , and Pensacola Beach . Dwellings situated far inland, as much as 20 miles (32 km) from the Gulf coast, along

3071-532: The areas of Mobile and Baldwin counties south of Interstate 10 was ordered, including a third of the incorporated territory of the City of Mobile, as well as several of its suburbs. In Florida, a full evacuation of the Florida Keys began at 7 a.m. EDT September 10 but was lifted at 5 a.m. EDT September 13 as Ivan tracked further west than originally predicted. Voluntary evacuations were declared in ten counties along

3154-465: The city of Demopolis , which is almost 100 miles inland, received wind gusts of up to 90 mph (140 km/h). Similarly, Montgomery also saw wind gusts of up to 60 to 70 mph (97 to 113 km/h). Hurricane Ivan caused $ 18.82 billion in Alabama, which is the costliest ever recorded in the state. However, despite 56 people dying in the United States, none of them were in Alabama. Hurricane Ivan

3237-545: The coast of Venezuela , the National Hurricane Center forecasted Ivan to make landfall in southern Florida as a major hurricane within five days. As such, a mandatory evacuation was issued for all residents and visitors of the Florida Keys. According to newspaper reports, an estimated 50 percent of Monroe County residents evacuated the islands. Its forecast track shifted westward, and by September 10 it

3320-513: The county were completely destroyed, with a few key roads in the Perdido area only opened in late 2005, over a year after the storm hit. Shattered windows from gusts and flying projectiles experienced throughout the night of the storm were common. As of December 2007, roads remained closed on Pensacola Beach because of damage from Ivan's storm surge. In Pensacola, the Interstate 10 Escambia Bay Bridge

3403-490: The damage confined to the smaller island of Tobago . Twenty villages on that island suffered various forms of damage, and at least 45 homes lost their roofs. One person died from a fallen tree, and damage was estimated at $ 4.9 million. Further north, large waves and high storm surge battered the coastlines of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , washing away 2 homes, destroying 19 and damaging 40. Significant damage

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3486-584: The district encouraging restoration. Rule had the famous lighthouse at the Navy Air Station listed on the National Register. She also helped create a state board now called the N.W. Florida Preservation Board, whose function is to protect the Seville Square Historic District and Pensacola's history. The city established the Architecture Review board to protect Pensacola's history locally. In 1967,

3569-553: The eastern United States, with the 40 tornadoes spawned in Virginia on September 17 setting a daily record for the commonwealth. Ivan then moved into the Wheeling, West Virginia and Pittsburgh area, causing major flooding and gusty winds. Pittsburgh International Airport recorded the highest 24-hour rainfall for Pittsburgh, recording 5.95 inches (151 mm) of rain. Ivan's rain caused widespread flooding. The Juniata River basin

3652-430: The evening of September 23, the revived Ivan made landfall near Cameron, Louisiana as a tropical depression. Ivan weakened into a remnant low on September 24, as it moved overland into Texas. The remnant circulation of Ivan persisted for another day, before dissipating on September 25. Ivan set 18 new records for intensity at low latitudes. When Ivan initially became a Category 1 hurricane on September 3, it

3735-454: The hurricane, Ivan made landfall to the east of the city, causing damage to be less severe than initially expected. However, there were still reports of downed trees, power lines, and damaged billboards across the city. Around 6–9 in (150–230 mm) inches of rain fell in Birmingham over a one day period, the most the city had recorded in over 100 years. Wind also extender far inland. In

3818-400: The island chain. Even though it passed well south of Barbados on September 6, potent winds damaged 531 homes to varying degree, while one person drowned due to flooding. Monetary losses on the island surmounted $ 5 million. The worst of Ivan occurred in Grenada , when it passed directly over the island on September 7 with winds of over 135 mph (217 km/h). The island, in the words of

3901-500: The island's GDP, was "unsustainable" in October 2004 and appointed a group of professional debt advisors in January 2005 to help seek a cooperative restructuring agreement with creditors. More than $ 150 million was sent to Grenada in 2004 to aid reconstruction following Ivan, but the economic situation remains fragile. The International Monetary Fund reports that as "difficult enough as

3984-470: The islands' buildings well able to withstand even major hurricanes, Ivan's winds and storm surge were so strong that a quarter or more of the buildings on the islands were reported to be uninhabitable, with 85% damaged to some extent. Much of Grand Cayman still remained without power, water, or sewer services for several months later. After five months, barely half the pre-Ivan hotel rooms were usable. Two people were killed on Grand Cayman, one from drowning and

4067-603: The months that followed. There were four deaths in the Dominican Republic . The region's Caribbean Development Bank estimates Ivan caused over $ 3 billion ($ 4.8 billion in 2023) damage on island nations, mostly in the Cayman Islands , Grenada, and Jamaica . Minor damage, including some beach erosion , was reported in the ABC islands . Even though Ivan did not make landfall on Cuban soil, its storm surge caused localized flooding on Santiago de Cuba and Granma , on

4150-540: The most southerly Category 4 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin when it reached that intensity while located at 10.6 degrees north. Finally, at midnight (UTC) on September 9 while centered at 13.7 degrees north, Ivan became the most southerly Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin. The latter record would not be surpassed until Hurricane Matthew in 2016 , which reached Category 5 intensity at 13.4 degrees north. Ivan had held

4233-677: The mountainous region. The Blue Ridge Parkway as well as Interstate 40 through the Pigeon River gorge in Haywood County, North Carolina , sustained major damage, and landslides were common across the mountains. There was major flooding along the French Broad River and Swannanoa River in Asheville, North Carolina , and along the Pigeon River near Canton, North Carolina . As a result of

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4316-604: The need to save it, Rule and the Heritage Foundation nominated the Pensacola Historic District to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The group purchased the Dorr House and restored it. They convinced the city to bring the deteriorated square to its present-day restored state. Then they created a festival, a hometown Victorian picnic in the park, An Evening in Old Seville Square, to bring Pensacolians to

4399-428: The other from flying debris. Damage across the territory was catastrophic, with losses amounting to $ 2.86 billion (equivalent to $ 4.61 billion in 2023) or 183 percent of its gross domestic product . The Letter from the Cayman Islands Government Office in the United Kingdom, October 8, 2004, by McKeeva Bush , Leader of Government Business details the intensity, extent of damage, and recovery process during

4482-408: The peak of the storm, 825,000 customers lost power. Major damage was reported at the Gulf Shore Zoo, and despite efforts to evacuate all animals, several deers and six alligators escaped after their enclosures were destroyed. The Alabama Forestry Commission reported $ 610 million in damage to timber over around 2.7 million acres of land. Despite initial reports of Mobile being in the direct path of

4565-505: The population of Greater New Orleans evacuated voluntarily, including more than half of the residents of New Orleans itself. At the height of the evacuation, intense traffic congestion on local highways caused delays of up to 12 hours. About a thousand special-needs patients were housed at the Louisiana Superdome during the storm. Ivan was considered a particular threat to the New Orleans area because dangers of catastrophic flooding. However, Plaquemines and St. Bernard Parishes suffered

4648-407: The present fiscal situation is, it is unfortunately quite easy to envisage circumstances that would make it even more so." Furthermore, "shortfalls in donor financing and tax revenues, or events such as a further rise in global oil prices, pose a grave risk." By two days after Ivan's passage, USAID 's hurricane recovery program distributed emergency relief supplies for families who were displaced by

4731-415: The rain, a major debris flow of mud, rocks, trees, and water surged down Peek's Creek , near Franklin, North Carolina , sweeping away 15 houses and killing five people. The system also spawned deadly tornadoes as far north as Maryland and destroyed seven oil platforms in the Gulf of Mexico while at sea. While crossing over the Mid-Atlantic states, Ivan's remnants spawned 117 tornadoes across

4814-581: The region, funding for the last 501  FEMA-provided trailers ran out for those living in Santa Rosa and Escambia counties. When the hurricane hit it brought strong winds and rain. In Baldwin County , a gust with winds of 145 mph (233 km/h) was reported, along with a storm surge ranging from 16–29 feet (5–9 meters) high, and a peak of 10.16 inches (258.064 millimeters) of rainfall. Thousands of homes in Escambia , Baldwin County, and Mobile County were damaged or destroyed. In Orange Beach , 60 percent of all wooden structures were damaged. During

4897-506: The remnants of Ivan, causing flooding and mudslides. In Connecticut , high winds moved in quickly and unexpectedly, and a boater was killed when his trimaran capsized in 50-knot winds on Long Island Sound . In western North Carolina , many streams and rivers reached well above flood stage in an area that was heavily flood damaged just a week and a half prior from the remnants of Hurricane Frances , causing many roads to be closed. High winds contributed to widespread power outages throughout

4980-403: The shorelines of Escambia Bay , East Bay , Blackwater Bay, and Ward Basin in Escambia County and Santa Rosa County , and Fort Walton Beach, Florida on the eastern side of the storm. The area just west of Pensacola, including the community of Warrington (which includes Pensacola NAS ), Perdido Key , and Innerarity Point, took the brunt of the storm. Some of the subdivisions in this part of

5063-408: The southern part of the island. At Cienfuegos , the storm produced waves of 15 feet (4.6 m), and Pinar del Río recorded 13.3 inches (340 mm) of rainfall. While there were no casualties on the island, the Cuban government estimates that about $ 1.2 billion ($ 1.9 billion in 2023 USD) of property damage were directly due to Ivan. Along with the 14 deaths in Florida , Ivan

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5146-533: The storm in Alabama, more than 167,700 people applied for assistance in 65 counties in the state. Over 51 counties in the state became eligible for public assistance. As a result, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA) received $ 735 million, which was spent in disaster assistance, and included: low-interest loans for homeowners and businesses, disaster food stamps, Disaster Unemployment Assistance to those left unemployed as

5229-458: The storm moved into the western subtropical Atlantic and regenerated into a tropical cyclone on September 22, which then moved across Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and then into Louisiana and Texas , causing minimal damage. Ivan degenerated into a remnant low on September 24, before dissipating on the next day. Ivan caused an estimated US$ 26.1 billion (equivalent to $ 42 billion in 2023) in damage along its path, of which $ 20.5 billion occurred in

5312-606: The storm. During phase one of the recovery program, communities restored three tourist sites, cleared agricultural lands, and completed disaster mitigation. In addition, the U.S. Peace Corps completed thirty small projects in rural communities and low income neighborhoods. 66 health clinics, 25 schools, and 62 water and sanitation systems were repaired during the first phase of recovery. About 1,379 farmers, herders and micro businesses became eligible for grants. By 2005, 55 schools and colleges were repaired, while restoration of 1,560 houses had occurred. On September 27, 2004, President of

5395-533: The strongest winds to the south and west. However, because of its proximity to the Jamaican coast, the island was battered with hurricane-force winds for hours. After passing Cuba , Ivan resumed a more northerly track and regained Category 5 strength. Ivan's strength continued to fluctuate as it moved west on September 11, and the storm attained its highest 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 165 mph (265 km/h) as it passed within 30 miles (50 km) of Grand Cayman . Ivan reached its peak strength with

5478-435: The surface, causing a landslide that obliterated the platform. Hundreds of gallons of oil per day were still leaking onto the surface of the Gulf fourteen years later. The United States Coast Guard reported that the spill had been contained in 2019. Ivan caused an estimated $ 20.5 billion (equivalent to $ 33.1 billion in 2023) in damage in the United States alone, making it the second-costliest hurricane on record at

5561-403: The time, behind only Hurricane Andrew of 1992 . As Ivan made landfall on the U.S. coastline in eastern Alabama, the outer rainbands of Ivan produced a wind gust of 53 mph (85 km/h) on Key West ; the winds downed some tree limbs across the Florida Keys, though the number of downed trees was limited by the passage of previous hurricanes Charley and Frances . While passing west of

5644-453: The western Florida panhandle . On September 13, in response to Hurricane Ivan, a state of emergency was issued for Alabama by Governor Bob Riley . This led to a law against price gouging becoming effective immediately. Mandatory evacuations for Dauphin Island , Gulf Shores , Orange Beach , and Fort Morgan were issued the morning of September 14. Hours later, evacuations in the areas of Mobile and Baldwin counties south of Interstate 10

5727-470: The western tip of Cuba as a Category 5 hurricane. After peaking in strength, the hurricane moved north-northwest across the Gulf of Mexico to strike Pensacola / Milton, Florida and Alabama as a strong Category 3 storm, causing significant damage. Ivan dropped heavy rain on the Southeastern United States as it progressed northeastward and eastward through the Eastern United States , becoming an extratropical cyclone on September 18. The remnant low of

5810-478: The world record of 33 (with 32 consecutive) six-hour periods of intensity at or above Category 4 strength. This record was broken two years later by Pacific Hurricane/Typhoon Ioke , which had 36 (33 consecutive) six-hour periods at Category 4 strength. This contributed to Ivan's total Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 70.38. The tornado outbreak associated with Ivan spawned 127 tornadoes , more than any other tropical cyclone worldwide. Scientists from

5893-500: Was also the strongest hurricane to hit Alabama since Hurricane Frederic in 1979, which was a Category 4. Further inland, Ivan caused major flooding , bringing the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta and many other rivers and streams to levels at or near 100-year records. The Delaware River and its tributaries crested just below their all-time records set by Hurricane Diane in 1955. Locations in southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts received over 7 inches of rainfall from

5976-399: Was centered 9.5 degrees north from the equator. This is farthest south position on record for a hurricane in the Atlantic basin. Later that day (6 p.m. UTC), when Ivan became a Category 3 hurricane, it was centered near 10.2 degrees north from the equator. This is the most southerly location on record for a major hurricane in the Atlantic basin. Just six hours later, Ivan also became

6059-481: Was downgraded to a tropical storm warning. By September, all tropical storm and hurricane watches and warnings were discontinued in the eastern portions of the Windward Islands . As Ivan continued westward, a hurricane watch was issued for the ABC islands on September 8. Many schools and businesses were closed in the Netherlands Antilles , and about 300 people evacuated their homes on Curaçao . In

6142-624: Was essentially leveled. High surf and wind brought extensive damage to Innerarity Point. As the storm moved through the region, an important Major League Baseball series between the Florida Marlins and Montreal Expos was moved to U.S. Cellular Field in Chicago . In addition, the season opener between the Tennessee Titans and Miami Dolphins was moved forward a day due to the storm. On September 26, 2006, over two years after Ivan struck

6225-991: Was flooded, and the Frankstown Branch crested at its highest level ever. After Ivan regenerated in the Gulf of Mexico, it caused further heavy rainfall up to 8 inches (200 mm) in areas of Louisiana and Texas. On the morning of September 21, the remnant mid-level circulation of Ivan combined with a frontal system. This produced a plume of moisture over the Canadian Maritimes for four days, producing heavy rainfall totaling 6.2 inches (160 mm) in Gander, Newfoundland . High winds of up to 89 mph (143 km/h) downed trees and caused power outages in Newfoundland , Prince Edward Island, and eastern Nova Scotia . The system produced intense waves of up to 50 feet (15 m) near Cape Bonavista . The system killed two when it grounded

6308-528: Was heavily damaged, with as much as a quarter-mile (400 m) of the bridge collapsing into the bay. The causeway that carries U.S. Highway 90 across the northern part of the same bay was also heavily damaged. The U.S. 90 causeway reopened first; the I-10 bridge reopened, with temporary repairs, in November. Virtually all of Perdido Key , an area on the outskirts of Pensacola that bore the brunt of Ivan's winds and rain,

6391-429: Was issued for Saint Vincent and Grenadines and Tobago and Grenada. By 3 p.m. UTC on September 6, the hurricane watches and tropical storm watches and warnings were upgraded to a hurricane warning and expanded to: Barbados, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Tobago, and Grenada. Simultaneously, a tropical storm warning was issued for Trinidad . On September 7, the hurricane warning in effect for several countries

6474-402: Was nearly hit by an F2 tornado during the storm. Ivan also caused over $ 20.5 billion (equivalent to $ 33 billion in 2023) in damages in the United States and $ 3 billion (equivalent to $ 5 billion in 2023) in the Caribbean. Ivan was a large-sized and major hurricane upon moving through the Windward Islands , battering structures, uprooting trees and causing power outages across much of

6557-524: Was ordered, including a third of the incorporated territory of the City of Mobile, as well as several of its suburbs. As a result of the evacuations, all lanes on I-65 were rerouted to go north, successfully allowing more people to leave South Alabama. Ivan prompted the evacuation of 270 animals at the Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo in Gulf Shores, Alabama. The evacuation had to be completed within a couple of hours, with only 28 volunteers available to move

6640-483: Was predicted to pass near the Florida Keys before moving ashore near Cedar Key after paralleling the state's western coastline; however, uncertainty was noted. On September 12, a tropical storm watch was issued for the Florida Keys from the Dry Tortugas to Seven Mile Bridge . In the several days prior to Ivan making its first United States landfall, forecasters predicted Ivan to move ashore between Alabama and

6723-447: Was reported to local banana crop, and losses for the country totaled $ 40 million. Strong winds and rough surf affected southern portions of Saint Lucia, inflicting $ 2.6 million worth in damage to homes and crops. High waves from Ivan caused light damage to southwestern Martinique and Guadeloupe , and gale-force winds buffeted Dominica . As Ivan continued to strengthen, it proceeded about 80 mi (130 km) north of

6806-583: Was spent to repair Department of Defense facilities. About $ 600 million was earmarked for emergency repairs to highways and road damaged by Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. The Small Business Administration (SBA) used $ 472 million to provide loans for small businesses and homeowners affected by the storm. Approximately $ 400 million was given by the United States Department of Agriculture to provide financial assistance agricultural producers suffering crop and other losses. Around $ 132 million

6889-593: Was used to repair Federal facilities by several government agencies, including: United States Coast Guard , Federal Bureau of Prisons , the United States Forest Service , and the Federal Aviation Administration . The United States Army Corps of Engineers used $ 81 million for restoration of coastal areas affected by Ivan. In addition, $ 50 million of which was for disaster and famine assistance funds Grenada, Jamaica, and Haiti. Following

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