53-856: Penlee may refer to Penlee House - a house and art gallery in Penzance in the UK Penlee Point, Mousehole - a promentary near Penzance in the UK Penlee Point, Rame - a promentary near Plymouth in the UK the Penlee Quarry railway in Newlyn in the UK the Penlee Lifeboat Station in Newlyn in the UK an alternative name for the Kennington Stream in Kent in
106-896: A Heritage coastline , west Penwith, an area of 90 square kilometres, is considered an Environmentally Sensitive Area . Penwith lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The principal towns in Penwith are Penzance , the port town and seat of local government, and St Ives , one of the county's most popular seaside resorts . The district is largely rural, and contains many villages, principal amongst them being Botallack , Carbis Bay , Crowlas , Drift , Gulval , Gwithian , Hayle , Lamorna , Lelant , Long Rock , Ludgvan , Madron , Marazion , Morvah , Mousehole , Nancledra , Newlyn , Paul , Penberth , Pendeen , Porthcurno , Sancreed , Sennen , St Buryan , St Erth , St Hilary , St Just in Penwith , Treen and Zennor . As
159-544: A fisherman in Mousehole named William Bodinar stating that he knew of five people who could speak Cornish in that village alone. Barrington also speaks of a John Nancarrow from Marazion who was a native speaker and survived into the 1790s. Chesten Marchant , d. 1676, a woman from Gwithian , is believed to have been the last monoglot Cornish speaker. Canon Doble 's Cornish Saints Series included saints from this area: nine of these were reissued in 1960. Penwith had
212-618: A host of artists settled, forming the colony known as the Newlyn School. Penwith Penwith ( / ˌ p ɛ n ˈ w ɪ θ / ; Cornish : Pennwydh ) is an area of Cornwall , England, located on the peninsula of the same name. It is also the name of a former local government district , whose council was based in Penzance . The area is named after one of the ancient administrative hundreds of Cornwall which derives from two Cornish words, penn meaning 'headland' and wydh meaning 'at
265-471: A population of 65,000 in the mid-2007 estimates. 96.4% of Penwith residents were born in the UK. 72% of people in the district gave Christianity as their religion, whilst nearly 18% of people stated that they are non-religious, compared to 15 per cent nationally. Penwith has the 6th highest rate of divorce of any district in England and Wales at 13.4% of the over 16 population, and correspondingly also has one of
318-462: A site for his new home and a large park to surround it. During the refurbishment of Penlee House in 1997 a stair tread was found with handmade nails marked with the year 1864, which confirms that the house was under construction in that year. The parkland surrounding Penlee House was laid out with formal and informal gardens and a lodge was built at the Trewithen Road end of the park. When the house
371-565: A small peninsula at the tip of a larger peninsula, the district is somewhat isolated from the rest of the UK. Two major transport routes terminate in the district, the A30 road and the Great Western Main Line railway. The St Ives Bay Line provides local transport between St Ives, and the main line at St Erth . A ferry to the Isles of Scilly , 28 miles (45 km) west-south-west of the district,
424-527: A wealth of artefacts covering the area’s fascinating and often quirky heritage. The Social History and Archaeology galleries show how people have lived and worked in West Cornwall for thousands of years. The galleries include Bronze Age jewellery found locally, 1930s fashion , historical artefacts and curiosities. The large granite cross outside the museum dates from the 11th century and has been moved on at least three occasions, its original location being
477-552: A weekly newspaper, The Cornishman , based in Penzance. As well as Penwith, the paper covers the Isles of Scilly . Penwith has its own community radio station, Coast FM (formerly Penwith Radio), which was launched on 5 November 2016 and broadcasts in West Cornwall on 96.5 and 97.2 FM. The district was created on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972 , as a merger of Penzance and St. Ives boroughs, St Just urban district , and West Penwith Rural District , and
530-490: Is a source of local friction. Until the 1960s, pilchards were the major catch landed at Newlyn, which were processed at the nearby pilchard works, before the fish fell out of favour with the public. A revival of pilchard fishing in Penwith in recent years occurred after a rebranding exercise as Cornish sardines (sardines are actually small pilchards). This has been helped by investment from the Objective One programme. Much of
583-494: Is an area of extreme economic deprivation. It is ranked as the 25th most deprived district in England, and it is located in Cornwall, the poorest county in England. It has been suggested that in fact this ranking understates the extent of the problem due to the difficulties of assessing deprivation in dispersed rural populations, and the socially and economically polarised nature of rural communities. Deprivation manifests itself in
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#1732855522603636-573: Is based in Penzance. Penwith contains a great concentration of Bronze Age , Iron Age , and Celtic British archaeological remains. The most significant of them are described in a field guide first published in 1954. Tewdwr Mawr ( Cornish : Teudar or Teudaric ) ruled over the area from Carnsew in the mid-6th century before returning to his patrimony in Cornouaille in Brittany around 577. Penwith's population has remained broadly static for
689-625: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Penlee House Penlee House is a museum and art gallery in the town of Penzance , Cornwall , home to many paintings by members of the Newlyn School , including The Rain It Raineth Every Day by Norman Garstin , School is Out by Elizabeth Forbes , Among the Missing by Walter Langley and On Paul Hill by Stanhope Forbes . It
742-515: Is home to a great many paintings by members of the Newlyn School . The area’s spectacular scenery has attracted visiting artists since the early 19th century. In the 1880s, numerous British painters began to arrive in Newlyn , many of whom had trained in Paris or Antwerp. Newlyn offered scenes and lives scarcely touched by the industrial revolution , with plentiful, cheap accommodation and willing models. Soon,
795-470: Is operated by Penzance Town Council in association with Cornwall Council . Penlee House was originally built in 1865 as the home of the wealthy Branwell family under the directions of John Richards Branwell. The house and gardens were described in The Cornishman as ″delightful″ and a ″perfect picture″, though Branwell owned the newspaper. ) On his death in 1902, one of his daughter's, Edith looked after
848-446: Is ranked 28th and 41st for those described as having long term illness and general poor health respectively. Penwith has one of the highest unemployment rates of any district, ranked 51st out of 376 districts, and also one of the lowest rates of degree level education at 16%, compared to the national average of 20% (244th/376). Penwith is also ranked as the district having the 28th largest retired population in England and Wales. Penwith
901-519: The 1990s, Penzance Town Council conducted a major refurbishment of the building providing up to date facilities for housing its important and historic art collection. On the first floor, there are rooms dedicated to the archaeology and social history of the Penwith (Land's End) peninsula. In 1860, J. R. Branwell began a series of land purchases on the Western outskirts of Penzance with the intention of providing
954-511: The 34 councillors in 1981 held any political allegiance (a situation reflected in other Cornish Authorities at this time). By the late 1980s, however, the council became increasingly party politicised with the Conservative Party being the major political force on the council often forming coalitions with Conservative supporting independents to ensure the day-to-day operation of the Council. With
1007-525: The Atlantic Ocean means that, with the exception of the high moor areas, much of the area is a semi-bare plateau standing around 130 m above sea level. This is most evident on the north coast between St Just and Zennor where the remains of the ancient seabed of the Pliocene era are visible. Its highest point is Watch Croft (252 m). There are several deep valleys cut into this plateau such as Lamorna on
1060-502: The Council with the Liberal Democrats now forming the largest opposition group. Despite this, the council remained hung with no overall control. The final political composition, at the 2007 elections, being: Conservatives 17, Liberal Democrats 12, Labour 1 (sits with Independent group) and Independent 5. The district was abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England . Since 1974 and until abolition
1113-569: The Green Market in Penzance. While this cross was in the Greenmarket it formed the accepted measurement point for the then Borough of Penzance, all settlements within a half-mile of the cross being reckoned within the control of the said Borough and subject to associated local government taxation. It was moved from the Green Market in 1829 a short distance to a house in North Street (Causewayhead); on
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#17328555226031166-526: The Museum’s extensive Egyptian collection can be found. Also missing is a Bronze Age gold torque, and more unusual items such as the hand of a Mummy with a gold signet ring, a shrunken head and poisoned arrows. At the end of World War II , the owners of the Penlee Estate were planning to build on the land and to demolish the house. The then Mayor, Robert Thomas, decided to open a public appeal and purchase
1219-696: The Penlee Estate reverted back to Penzance Town Council. In the 1990s, substantial funding was raised from various sources, including the Heritage Lottery Fund , the European Regional Development Fund , Penwith District Council, Penzance Town Council and the Friends of Penlee House, to refurbish and develop the Museum and Art Gallery. Overseen by Robert Allen, architect, the building was completely redeveloped, adding gallery spaces, lift access and
1272-491: The UK Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Penlee . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penlee&oldid=858190100 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1325-576: The area and never returns. As such Penwith was listed as an Objective 1 area by the European Social Fund , however, this status expired in 2006 with the programme closing on 31 December 2008. Traditionally, like much of the rest of Cornwall, Penwith's economy relied heavily on mining and fishing and was badly affected by the decline of these industries. Although the district has tried to stimulate employment through tourism, many of these jobs are by definition seasonal or part-time and do not replace
1378-460: The cafe and shop, as well as refurbishing the museum. Care was taken to preserve the feel of the original genteel Victorian home , while providing state-of-the-art conditions for the display and care of the collections. Founded in 1839, the museum collections cover 6000 years of history in west Cornwall, from Penwith’s awe-inspiring archaeological sites to the area’s more recent social history . The recently refurbished social history gallery houses
1431-750: The catch is sold abroad in Spain and Italy. Like much of the rest of the country, farmers in Penwith have in recent years been put under financial pressure, due to a withdrawal of subsidies from the EU Common Agricultural Policy , pressure from supermarkets and crises such as foot and mouth in 2001. Agriculture in Penwith is predominantly dairy with some arable crops such as potatoes, cauliflower and broccoli (confusingly these are locally called broccoli and calebrese, respectively). Cornwall's mild climate and an absence of hard winter frosts mean that these cold-sensitive crops can be produced much earlier than in
1484-871: The centre’s future until September 2008. Penwith's scenery makes it a popular holiday destination. Local attractions including the Minack Theatre , South West Coast Path , Land's End and the Blue Flag beach at Sennen Cove ensure that tourism plays a major part in Penwith's economy. Additionally, St. Ives has in recent years become a popular New Year's Eve venue. Penwith also has the highest concentration of Neolithic sites in Europe, including monuments at The Merry Maidens , Lanyon Quoit , Chûn Quoit and an Iron Age village at Chysauster . Tourism accounts for 25% of Cornwall's GDP and 19% of households in Penwith derive their income from this activity. Since 1878, Penwith has had
1537-468: The charge of an imbecile old man”. In 1867, the growing Museum moved to the newly constructed St John’s Hall , the town’s main public building. By the end of the decade, the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society had collapsed. The society was reformed in the mid 1880s, but as no rent had been paid for the museum premises for many years, specimens were sold to raise money and to clear
1590-415: The cliffs at Land's End , the most westerly point in the district and this geology has resulted in the mining that has made Cornwall famous. Tin and copper have been mined in the area since pre-Roman times and the landscape is dotted with ruined mine buildings. Inland, the peninsula is primarily granite with a thin top soil. This combined with Cornwall's exposed position and the prevailing weather systems from
1643-541: The debt. Insect damage to the Natural History collection meant that much of it was subsequently destroyed. The Museum remained in St John’s Hall until 1947. The society sold the collections to Penzance Borough Council in 1937 for a nominal sum, with an agreement that they would be displayed for the public good. 1939 saw the collections put into storage and unfortunately many items subsequently disappeared. No record of
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1696-584: The demolition of this house (ca. 1868), the cross was then moved to a position at the western end of the Market House. In July 1899, it was moved to Morrab Gardens and moved again in 1953 to Penlee Park. On 23 September 1997, the cross was erected at its present position by the new entrance to Penlee House. All four sides of the cross can be examined. The height is 2.07 m; width of head 0.685 m; width of shaft at base 0.635 m; width of shaft at neck 0.495 m; thickness 0.265 m Penlee House
1749-470: The end'. Natural England have designated the peninsula as national character area 156 and named it West Penwith . It is also known as the Land's End Peninsula . The Penwith peninsula sits predominantly on granite bedrock that has led to the formation of a rugged coastline with many fine beaches. The contact between the granite and the adjoining sedimentary rock (mostly shales) is most clearly seen forming
1802-502: The estate and house, and on her death in 1918, it passed to her elder brother, Alfred. Following Alfred's death in 1939, the property passed to his two daughters, Mrs Vera Hancock and Mrs Sybil Ferguson who sold the house and estate to Penzance Borough Council in 1946. The council purchased Penlee Park as a memorial to the dead of World War II and Penlee House was formally opened as the Penzance District Museum in 1949. In 1974,
1855-522: The estate as a War Memorial . The estate is about 15 acres, and the purchase price was £13,000. It was decided to use the house as a museum and arts centre, plus two domestic council dwellings. The Museum was opened in its new home by Sir Cyril Fox on 24th June 1949. It was administered by the Borough Librarian from 1949 until 1974, when Penzance lost its borough status and the Museum became the property of Penwith District Council. In 1985, ownership of
1908-529: The estate was purchased by public subscription to be a War Memorial which would also house the Town’s historic and art collections. The house opened as the District Museum in 1949 with further refurbishment taking place in 1974. In more recent years the building has been completely refurbished, but every attempt has been made to retain the character of a mid-Victorian villa. The institution now called Penlee House
1961-402: The form of high youth unemployment, an above average proportion of workers in manual occupations, low mean income and a low percentage of people with higher degrees. High educational attainment up to GCSE and A-level demonstrates the depth of local talent, however, poor job opportunities and the absence, until recently, of a university in Cornwall has meant that much of this young talent leaves
2014-449: The former borough and Charter Trustees were appointed to continue elections for the position of Mayor of the town. Charter Trustees being the sitting members of Penwith District Council within the former borough area. Penzance Town Council was finally created in 1980 initially electing 15 members, this was expanded to 20 members in 1999. From 1974 to the mid-1980s, Penwith District Council was dominated by independent members, only 4 out of
2067-586: The general down turn nationally for the Conservatives in 1990s, the Labour Party and to a lesser extent the Liberal Democrats began to make gains at the expense of Conservatives and at the high point of anti-conservative sentiment there remained only four Conservative councillors within the authority. The Conservatives recovered their support from the mid-1990s to regain their position as the largest party on
2120-470: The last one hundred and fifty years. Penwith is believed to be the last part of Cornwall where Cornish was spoken as a community language. Dolly Pentreath , known as the last recorded speaker (but arguably not the very last) came from Paul in Penwith. A year following the death of Dolly Pentreath in 1777 Daines Barrington received a letter, written in Cornish and accompanied by an English translation, from
2173-412: The lowest percentages of married couple households. Penwith district has one of the lowest levels of home ownership in the country (280th/376) and is ranked 4th for those without central heating. The district also has one of the lowest rates of second car ownership and is ranked 300 out of 376 districts in England and Wales. The district has some of the highest indicators of bad health in the country and
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2226-522: The ownership of the museum and park passed to Penwith District Council , and since 1985, Penzance Town Council owns and operates the site. The collections housed within the museum were originally taken from what remained of the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society collection (founded in 1839) which was originally housed within the dome of the Market House in Penzance. During
2279-500: The rest of the country, and early Cornish new potatoes are a lucrative source of income. Unfortunately this cash crop has come under pressure in recent years due to globalization , which means competition with cheap imports from Egypt. In 2002 the Farm Business Centre was set up to help farmers and farm businesses across Penwith. The centre aims to expand the local agricultural sector and provide advice and funding for farmers in
2332-509: The skilled jobs lost by the closure of the mines. Tin mining once played an important part in the economy of Penwith, with mines across the district including Levant , Botallack , Cape Cornwall , Ding Dong and Wheal Hope . Tin mines gradually became economically mined out through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as the easier seams were exhausted and more amenable sources of metal were discovered in South America. The collapse of
2385-415: The south coast, where sufficient shelter from the weather is gained for trees to establish and grow. The shelter of these valleys and the mild climate gives Penwith a flora not seen anywhere else in the UK. Penzance's Morrab Gardens is able to grow bananas. Penwith also contains an artificial lake, Drift Reservoir , which is located approximately 3 miles west of Penzance. In addition to Penwith's status as
2438-451: The transition from intensive farming toward more sustainable agriculture. This encourages farmers to seek out novel sources of income such as set-aside and organic and small scale specialist produce such as meat from rare breed animals. A priority 4.6 grant from Objective One, plus funding from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs totalling more than £300,000 have ensured
2491-459: The value of fish landed (turnover >£18 million 2004) and contributes 2% of the region's GDP. The Newlyn fleet utilises a variety of catching methods, however, the vessels are comparatively small and mostly owned by their skippers in comparison with the large factory boats of Spain and France with whom they share their fishing grounds. Accusations of illegal overfishing by the French and Spanish fleets
2544-444: The world tin cartel in 1985 finished what remained of the industry. The last working mine in the district and one of the last in Cornwall was at Geevor which is now a heritage site and museum following grants totalling nearly £4 million from various sources including the Heritage Lottery Fund . The north of the district has arguably suffered the worst from the closure of the mines as there have been few jobs available to replace what
2597-520: Was abolished and replaced by the Cornwall Unitary Council on 31 March 2009. From 1972 until 1974, a shadow Penwith authority existed where sitting members of the above-mentioned authorities acted in an advisory manner. With the abolition of the predecessor authorities in 1974 St Ives , Hayle , Marazion and St Just obtained Town Council status and from within their ranks began to elect Town Mayors. Penzance failed to obtain parish status for
2650-456: Was approached by a formal staircase from the hall which is still in existence, and via a servants’ staircase. There were three main bedrooms, including separate bedrooms for J.R. Branwell and his wife. A small dressing room and a large bathroom were approached through the main bedroom. There were a further four small bedrooms which over the years were used by members of the family or as servant accommodation and later as junk rooms/storage. In 1946,
2703-528: Was first built, Morrab Road was not in existence and the Penlee House Estate directly bordered onto the Morrab House Estate, the home of Charles Campbell Ross MP, which later became Morrab Library and Morrab Gardens . Penlee House originally contained three reception rooms, a dining room, breakfast room and drawing room, with a scullery kitchen, butler’s pantry, dairy and office. The first floor
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#17328555226032756-461: Was initially known as Penzance and District Museum, and was founded by the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society in 1839. Its first home was in the Market House, which had just been completed. The Museum was situated in the dome of the building and contained a mixture of Natural Science , Archaeology and Ethnological artefacts – a typical antiquarian museum of the period. One visitor described it as “a mangy lot of skins and skeletons under
2809-445: Was lost to mining. This is most notably the towns of St. Just and Pendeen which have very high levels of unemployment. Many miners from the district have emigrated over the last century in order to find mining jobs abroad. Despite the decline in the number of people employed in the fishing industry, it still plays an important part in the district's economy. Newlyn harbour is the largest deep sea fishing port in England in terms of
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